COL.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  FLOWERS 
MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 


TRINITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 
DURHAM,  N.C. 


The  Gift  nf      //  •       '*  .     ^C^t^t^Ly 


m  , 


REGULATIONS 


FOR    THE 


,tmn  of  ilu  WtviMmtt  states, 

AND   FOR  THE 

QUARTERMASTER'S  AND  FAY  DEPARTMENTS. 


THE  UNIFORM  AND  DRESS 

OF 


As  Published  by  Authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 


THE  ARTICLES  OF  WAR, 

As  Amended  hj  Act  of  Congress. 
Also,  am.  the 

LAWS  APPERTAINING  TO  THE  ARMY. 


It  e  vise  d    E  d  i  t  i  o  n 


NEW-ORLEANS  : 
Bloomfield  &  Steel,  Publishers,  60  Camp-street. 

1861. 


THE   ONLY   CORRECT   EDITION   PUBLISHED. 


Th«  edition  has  been  carefully  revised  and  corrected  from  the  "Regulations 
for  tin'  Army  of  the  Confederate  Slates,  and  for  the  Quartermaster' s  Department 
'and  Pay  Department,"  as  issued  by  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

It  also  contains,  all  the  Laws  appertaining  to  the  Army — both  Regular  and 
Volunteer. 


7^-R 


REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY. 


ARTICLE  I. 

MILITARY    DISCIPLINE. 

1.  .All  inferiors  are  required  to  obey  strictly,  and 
to  execute  with  alacrity  and  good  faith,  the  lawful  or- 
ders of  the  superiors  appointed  over  them. 

2.  .Military  authority  is  to  be  exercised  with  firm- 
ness, but  with  kindness  and  justice  to  inferiors.  Pun- 
ishments shall  be  strictly  conformable  to  military  law. 

3.. Superiors  of  every  grade  are  forbid  to  injure 
those  under  them  by  tyrannical  or  capricious  conduct, 
or  by  abusive  language. 


ARTICLE  II. 

RANK   AND    COMMAND. 

4.  .Rank  of  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers: 

1st.  General.  9th.     Sergeant  Major. 

2d.  Colonel.  lOtk.     Quartermaster-Sergeant 

3d.  Lieutenant-Colonel.  of  a  regimlht. 

4th.  Major.  11th.     Ordnance-Sergeant  and 

5th.  Captain.  Hospital  Steward. 

6th.  First  Lieutenant.  12th.     First  Sergeant. 

7th.  Second  Lieutenant.  13th.     Sergeant. 

8th.     Cadet.  14th.     Corporal. 

And  iii  each  grade  by  date  of  commission  or  appoint- 
ment. 

5.  .When  commissions  are  of  the  same  date,  the 
rank  is  to  be  decided,  between  officers  of  the  same 
regiment  or  corps  by  the  order  of  appointment ;  be- 
tween officers  of  different  regiment  or  corps : — 1st. 
by  rank  in  actual   service   when    appointed ;  2d.  by 

A 


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former  rank  and  service  in  the  army  or  marine  corps; 
3d.  by  lottery  among  such  as  have  not  been  in  the 
military  service  of  the  Confederate  States.  In  case  of 
equality  of  rank  by  virtue  of  a  brevet  commission, 
reference  is  had.  to  commissions  not  brevet. 

(> . .  Officers  having  brevets,  or  commissions  of  a 
prior  date  to  those  of  the  regiment  in  which  they 
serve,  may  take  place  in  courts-martial  and  on  detach- 
ments, when  composed  of  different  corps,  according 
to  the  ranks  given  them  in  their  1) revets,  or  dates  of 
their  former  commissions;  but  in  the  regiment,  troop, 
or  company  to  which  such  officers  belong,  they  shall 
do  duty  and  take  rank  both  in  courts-martial  and  on 
detachments  which  shall  be  composed  only  of  their 
own  corps,  according  to  the  commissions  by  which 
they  are  mustered  in  the  said  corps. — Slst  Art.  of 
War. 

7.. If  upon  marches,  guards,  or  in  quarters,  differ- 
ent corps  of  the  army  shall  happen  to  join,  or  do  duty 
together,  the  officer  highest  in  rank  of  the  line  of  the 
army,  marine  corps,  or  militia,  by  commission,  there 
on  duty  or  in  quarters,  shall  command  the  whole,  and 
give  orders  for  what  is  needful  to  the  service,  unless 
otherwise  specially  directed  by  the  President  of  the 
Confederate  States,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
case. — 62d  Article  of  War. 

S.-An  officer,  not  having  orders  from  competent 
authority,  cannot  put  himself  on  duty  by  virtue  of  his 
commission  alone. 

9.  .Officers  serving  by  commission  from  any  state  of 
the  Confederacy  take  rank  next  after  officers  of  the 
like  grade  by  commission  from  the  Confederate  States. 

10..  .Brevet  rank  takes  effect  only  in  the  following 
cases :  ]  st.  by  special  assignment  of  the  President  in 
commands  composed  of  different  corps;  2d.  on  courts- 
martial  or   detachments  composed    of  different    corps. 


Troops  are  on  detachment  only  when  sent  out  tempo- 
rarily to  perform  a  special  service. 

11.. In  regularly  constituted  commands,  as  garri- 
sons, posts,  departments ;  companies,  battalions,  regi- 
ments ;  corps,  brigades,  divisions,  army  corps,  or  the 
army  itself,  brevet  rank  cannot  be  exercised  except 
by  special  assignment. 

12.  .The  officers  of  Engineers  are  not  to  assume 
nor  to  be  ordered  on  any  duty  beyond  the  line  of  their 
immediate  profession,  except  by  the  special  order  of 
the  President. 

13.  .An  officer  of  the  Pay  or  Medical  Department 
cannot  exercise  command  except  in  his  own  depart- 
ment. 

14.  .Officers  of  the  corps  of  Engineers  or  Ordnance, 
or  of  the  Adjutant-General's,  Inspector  General's, 
Quartermaster-General's  or  Subsistence  Department, 
though  eligible  to  command  according  to  the  rank 
they  hold  in  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States,  and 
not  subject  to  the  orders  of  a  junior  officer,  shall  not 
assume  the  command  of  troops  unless  put  on  duty 
under  orders  which  specially  so  direct  by  authority  of 
the  President. 


ARTICLE   III. 

SUCCESSION    IN    COMMAND    OR    DUTY. 

15.. The  functions  assigned  to  anjr  officer  in  these 
regulations  by  title  of  office  devolve  on  the  officer 
acting  in  his  place,  except  as  specially  excepted. 

16.. An  officer  who  succeeds  to  any  command  or 
duty  stands  in  regard  to  his  duties  in  the  same  situa- 
tion as  his  predecessor.  The  officer  relieved  shall 
turn  over  to  his  successor  all  orders  in  force  at  the 
time,  and  all  the  public  property  and  funds  pertaining 
to  his  command  or  duty,  and  shall  receive  therefor 
duplicate  receipts,  showing  the  condition  of  each  ar- 
ticle. 


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17.  .An  officer  in  a  temporary  command  shall  not, 
except  in  urgent  cases,  alter  or  annul  the  standing 
orders  of  the  regular  or  permanent  commander  with- 
out authority  from  the  next  higher  commander. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

RESIGNATION    OF    OFFICERS. 

IS.. No  officer  will  be  considered  out  of  service 
on  the  tender  of  his  resignation,  until  it  shall  have 
been  duly  accepted  by  the  proper  authority. 

19.  .Resignations  will  be  forwarded  by  the  com- 
manding officer  to  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  army 
for  decision  at  the  War  Department. 

20.  .Resignations  tendered  under  charges,  when 
forwarded  by  any  commander,  will  always  be  accom- 
panied by  a  copy  of  the  charges  ;  or,  in  the  absence 
of  written  charges,  by  a  report  of  the  case,  for  the 
information  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

21.  .Before  presenting  the  resignation  of  any  officer, 
the  Adjutant-General  will  ascertain  and  report  to  the 
War  Department,  the  state  of  such  officer's  accounts 
of  money,  as  well  as  of  public  property,  for  which  he 
may  have  been  responsible. 

22.  .In  time  of  war,  or  with  an  army  in  the  field, 
resignations  shall  take  effect  within  thirty  clays  from 
the  elate  of  the  order  of  acceptance. 

23.  .Leaves  of  absence  will  not  be  granted  by  com- 
manding officers  to  officers  on  tendering  their  resigna- 
tion, unless  the  resignation  be  unconditional  and  im- 
mediate.   

ARTICLE    V. 

EXCHANGE    OR   TRANSFER    OF    OFFICERS. 

24.  .The  transfer  of  officers  from  one  regiment  or 
corps  to  another  will  be  made  only  by  the  War  De- 
partment, on  the  mutual  application  of  the  parties 
desiring  the  exchange. 

25.. An   officer  shall  not  be  transferred  from  one 


regiment  or  corps  to  another,  with  prejudice  to  the 
rank  of  any  officer  of  the  regiment  or  corps  to  which 
he  is  transferred.  

ARTICLE   VI. 

APPOINTMENTS    ON    THE    STAFF. 

26.. General  Officers  appoint  their  own  Aides-de- 
Camp. 

27.  .An 'officer  of  a  mounted  corps  shall  not  be 
separated  from  his  regiment^  except  for  duty  con- 
nected with  his  particular  arm. 

28.. The  senior  Lieutenant  present,  holding  the 
appointment  of  Assistant  Commissary  of  Subsistence, 
is  entitled  to  perform  the  duties. 


ARTICLE    VII. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF   THE   TROOPS. 

21).  .The  military  geographical  departments  will  be 
established  by  the  War  Department.  In  time  of 
peace,  brigades  or  divisions  will  not  be  formed,  nor 
the  stations  of  the  troops  changed,  without  authority 
from  the  War  Department. 


ARTICLE    VIII. 

REGIMENTS. 

30.. On  the  organization  of  a  regiment,  the  com- 
panies receive  a  permanent  designation  by  letters  be- 
ginning with  A,  and  the  officers  are  assigned  to  com- 
panies;  afterward,  company  officers  succeed  to  com- 
panies, as  promoted  to  fill  vacancies.  Companies 
take  place  in  the  battalion  according  to  the  rank  of 
their  Captains. 

31.. Captains  must  serve  with  their  companies. 
Though  subject  to  the  temporary  details  of  service, 
as  for  courts-martial,  military  boards,  &c,  they  shall 
not  be  detailed  for  any  duty  which  may  separate  them 
for  any  considerable  time  from  their  companies. 

Al 


G 

32.  .The  commander  of  a  regiment  will  appoint 
the  Adjutant  from  the  subalterns  of  the  regiment.  He 
will  nominate  the  regimental  quartermaster  to  the 
Secretary  of  War  for  appointment  if  approved.  He 
will  appoint  the  non-com  missioned  staff  of  the  regi- 
ment ;  and,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  com- 
pany commanders,  the  sergeants  and  corporals  of 
companies. 

33 . .  In  cases  of  vacancy,  and  till  a  decision  can  be 
had  from  regimental  head-quarters,  the  company  com- 
manders may  make  temporary  appointments  of  non- 
commissioned officers. 

34.  .Commanders  of  regiments  are  enjoined  to  avail 
themselves  of  every  opportunity  of  instructing  both 
officers  and  men  in  the  exercise  and  management  of 
field  artillery ;  and  all  commanders  ought  to  encourage 
useful  occupations,  and  manly  exercises,  and  diversions 
among  their  men,  and  to  repress  dissipation  and  im- 
morality. 

35.. It  is  enjoined  upon  all  officers  to  be  cautious 
in  reproving  non-commissioned  officers  in  the  presence 
or  hearing  of  privates,  lest  their  authority  be  weak- 
ened ;  and  non-commissioned  officers  are  not  to  be  sent 
to  the  guard-room  and  mixed  with  privates  during 
confinement,  but  be  considered  as  placed  in  arrest,  ex- 
cept in  aggravated  cases,  where  escape  may  be  ap- 
prehended. 

36.  .Non-commissioned  officers  may  be  reduced  to 
the  ranks  by  the  sentence  of  a  court-martial,  or  by 
order  of  the' commander  of  the  regiment  on  the  appli- 
cation of  the  company  commander.  If  reduced  to  the 
ranks  by  garrison  courts,  at  posts  not  the  head-quarters 
of  the  regiment,  the  company  commander  will  im- 
mediately forward  a  transcript  of  the  order  to  the 
regimental  com m an der. 

37.. Every  non-commissioned  officer  shall  be  fur- 
nished with  a  certificate  or  warrant  of  his  rank,  signed 


by  the  colonel  and  countersigned  by  the  adjutant. 
Blank  warrants,  on  parchment,  are  furnished  from  the 
Adjutant-General's  office.  The  first,  or  orderly  ser- 
geant, will  be  selected  by  the  captain  from  the  ser- 
geants. 

3S.  .When  it  is  desired  to  have  bands  of  music  for 
regiments,  there  will  be  allowed  for  each,  sixteen  pri- 
vates to  act  as  musicians,  in  addition  to  the  chief  mu- 
sicians authorized  by  law,  provided  the  total  number 
of  privates  in  the  regiment,  including  the  band,  does 
not  exceed  the  legal  standard. 

39.. The  musicians  of  the  band  will,  for  the  time 
being,  be  dropped  from  the  company  muster-rolls,  but 
they  will  be  instructed  as  soldiers,  and  liable  to  serve 
in  the  ranks  on  any  occasion.  They  will  be  mustered 
in  a  separate  squad  under  tin4  chief  musician,  with  the 
non-commissioned  staff,  and  be  included  in  the  a^re- 
gate  of  all  regimental  returns. 

40.  .When  a  regiment  occupies  several  stations, the 
band  will  be  kept  at  the  head-quarters,  provided  troops 
(one  or  more  companies)  be  serving  there.  The  field 
music  belonging  to  companies  not  stationed  at  regi- 
mental head-quarters  will  not  be  separated  from  their 
respective  companies. 

41.  .No  man,  unless  he  be  a  carpenter,  joiner,  car- 
riage-maker, blacksmith,  saddler,  or  harness-maker, 
will  be  mustered  as  an  "  artificer." 

42.  .Every  article,  excepting  arms  and  accoutre- 
ments, belonging  to  the  regiment,  is  to  be  marked 
with  the  number  and  name  of  the  regiment. 

43.  .Such  articles  as  belong  to  companies  are  to  be 
marked  with  the  letter  of  the  company,  and  number 
and  name  of  the  regiment ;  and  such  as  belong  to 
men,  with  their  individual  numbers,  and  the  letter  of 
the  company. 

44.  .The  books  for  each  regiment  shall  be  as  fol- 
lows : 


1.  General  Order  Book,  of  three  quires  of  paper,  16 
inches  by  10J  inches,  to  contain  all  orders  and 
circulars  from  general  department,  division,  or 
brigade  head-quarters,  with  an  index. 

2.  Regimental  Order  Book,  of  three  quires  of  paper,  16 

inches  by  10} inches,  to  contain  regimental  orders, 
with  an  index. 

3.  Letter  Book,  of  three  quires  of  paper,  16  inches  by 

10 J  inches,  to  contain  the  correspondence  of  the 
commanding  officer  on  regimental  subjects,  with 
an  index. 

4.  An  index  of  letters  required  to  be  kept  on  file,  in 

the  following  form  : 


NO. 

NAME  OF  WRITER. 

DATE. 

SUBJECT. 

1 

2 
3 
4 

Captain  A.  li 

Adj't.-General  R.  J.. 

Captain  F.  G 

Lieutenant  0.  D 

July  15,  186 
Sept.    4,  186 
Oct,    11,186 

Nov.    2,  186 

A  ppoint't  of  non-com.  offic'rs 
Recruiting  service. 
Error  in  company  return. 
Application  for  leave. 

The  date  of  receipt  should  be  endorsed  on  all 
letters.  They  should  be- numbered  to  correspond  with 
the  index,  and  filed  in  regular  order,  for  easy  refer- 
ence. 

5.  Descriptive  Book,  of  5  quires  of  paper,  10  inches 
by  10£  inches,  to  contain  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the 
regiment,  with  the  rank,  and  dates  of  appointment 
and  promotions;  transfers,  leaves  of  absence,  and 
places  and  dates  of  birth.  To  contain,  also,  the 
names  of  all  enlisted  soldiers,  entered  according  to 
priority  of  enlistments,  giving  their  description,  the 
dates  and  periods  of  their  enlistment ;  and,  under  the 
head  of  remarks,  the  cause  of  discharge,  character, 
death,  desertion,  transfer;  in  short,  everything  relat- 
ing to  their  military  history.  This  book  to  be  in- 
dexed. 
One  copy  of  the  monthly  returns  will  be  filed. 

POST    BOOKS. 

45.  .The  following  books  will  be  kept  at  each  post : 


9 

A  Morning  Report  Book,  a  Guard  Report  Book,  an 
Order  Book,  a  Letter  Book,  each  two  quires  foolscap  ; 
also,  copies  of  the  monthly  post  returns. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

COMPANIES. 

4G.  .The  captain  will  cause  the  men  of  the  compa- 
ny to  be  numbered,  in  a  regular  series,  including  the 
non-commissioned  officers,  and  divided  into  four 
squads,  each  to  be  put  under  the  charge  of  a  non- 
commissioned officer. 

47.  .Each  subaltern  officer  will  be  charged  with  a 
squad  for  the  supervision  of  its  order  and  cleanliness; 
and  captains  will  require  their  lieutenants  to  assist 
them  in  the  performance  of  all  company  duties. 

48.  .As  far  as  practicable,  the  men  of  each  squad 
will  be  quartered  together. 

49.  .The  utmost  attention  will  be  paid  by  com- 
manders of  companies  i<>  the  cleanliness  of  their  men, 
as  to  their  persons,  clothing,  arms,  accoutrements,  and 
equipments,  and  also  as  to  their  quarters  or  tents. 

50.  .The  name  of  each  soldier  will  be  labelled  on 
his  bunk,  and  his  company  number  will  be  placed 
against  his  arms  and  accoutrements. 

51.  .The  arms  will  be  placed  in  the  arm-racks,  the 
stoppers  in  the  muzzles,  the  cocks  let  down,  and  the 
bayonets  in  their  scabbards  ;  the  accoutrements  sus- 
pended over  the  arms,  and  the  swords  hung  up  by  the 
belts  on  pegs. 

52.  .The  knapsack  of  each  man  will  be  placed  on 
the  lower  shelf  of  his  bunk,  at  its  foot,  packed  with 
his  effects,  aud  ready  to  be  slung;  the  great-coat  on 
the  same  shelf,  rolled  and  strapped  :  the  coat,  folded 
inside  out,  and  placed  under  the  knapsack  ;  the  cap 
on  the  second  or  upper  shelf;  and  the  boots  well 
cleaned. 

53.  .Dirty  clothes  will  be  kept  in   an   appropriate 


10 

part  of  the  knapsack ;  no  article  of  any  kind  to  be 
put  under  the  bedding. 

54.  .Cooking  utensils  and  table  equipage  will  be 
cleaned  and  arranged  in  closets  or  recesses  ;  blacking 
and  brushes  out  of  view ;  the  fuel  in  boxes. 

5-5.  .Ordinarily  the  cleaning  will  be  on  Saturdays. 
The  chiefs  of  squads  will  cause  bunks  and  bedding  to 
be  overhauled  ;  floors  dry  rubbed;  tables  and  benches 
scoured  ;  arms  cleaned  ;  accoutrements  whitened  and 
polished;  and  everything  put  in  order. 

56.  .Where  conveniences  for  bathing  are  to  be  had, 
the  men  should  bathe  once  a  week.  The  feet  to  be 
washed  at  least  twice  a  week.  The  hair  kept  short, 
and  beard  neatly  trimmed. 

57.  .Non-commissioned  officers,  in  command  of 
squads,  will  be  held  more  immediately  responsible 
that  their  men  observe  what  is  prescribed  above  :  that 
they  wash  their  hands  and  faces  daily  ;  that  they 
brush  or  comb  their  heads;  that  these  who  are  to  go 
on  duty  put  their  anus,  accoutrements,  dress,  &c, in 
the  best  order,  and  that  such  as  have  permission  to 
pass  the  chain  of  sentinels  are  in  the  dress  that  may 
be  order*  d. 

58.  .Comm/inders  of  companies  and  squads  will  see 
that  the  anus  and  accoutrements  in  posa  ssion  of  the 
men  are  always  kept  in  good  order,  and  that  proper 
care  he  taken  in  cleaning  them. 

59  .  .When  belts  are  given  to  a  soldier,  the  captain 
will  see  that  they  are  properly  iitted  to  the  body;  and 
it  is  forbidden  to  cut  any  belt  without  his  sanction. 

GO.  .Cartridge  hexes  and  bayonet  scabbards  will  be 
polished  with  blacking  ;  varnish  is  injurious  to  the 
leather,  and   will  not  be  used. 

01.. All  arms  in  the  hands  of  the  troops,  whether 
browned  or  bright,  will  be  kept  in  the  state  in  which 
they  are  issued  by  the  Ordnance  Department.  Arms 
will  not  be  taken  to  pieces   without   permission   of  a 


11 

commissioned  officer.  Bright  barrels  will  be  kept 
cleao  and  free  from  rust  without  polishing  thorn; 
care  should  be  taken  in  rubbing  not  to  bruise  or  to 
bend  i\ir  barrel.  After  firing,  wash  out  the  bore; 
wipe  it  dry,  and  then  pass  a  hit  of  cloth,  slightly 
greased,  to  the  bottom.  In  these  operations,  a  rod  of 
wood  with  a  loop  in  one  end,  is  to  be  used  instead  of 
the  rammer.  The  barrel,  when  not  in  use,  will  be 
closed  with  a  stopper.  For  exercise,  each  soldier 
should  keep  himself  provided  with  a  piece  of  sole- 
leather  to  lit  the  cup  or  countersink  of  the  hammer. 
(For  care  of  arms  in  service,  see  Ordnance  Manual, 
page  i  85,  &c.) 

62.  .Arms  shall  not  be  left  loaded  in  quarters  or 
tents,  or  when  the  men  are  off  duty,  except  by  special 
orders. 

63.  .Ammunition  issued  will  be  inspected  fre- 
quently. Each  man  will  be  made  to  pay  lor  the 
rounds  expended  without  orders,  or  not  in  the  way  of 
duly,  or  which  may  be  damaged  or  lost  by  his  neglect. 

64.  .Ammunition  will  be  frequently  exposed  to 
the  dry  air,  or  sunned. 

65.. Special  care  shall  be  taken  to  ascertain  that 
no  ball-cartridges  are  mixed  with  the  blank  cartridges 
issued  to  the  men. 

66 ..  .411  knapsacks  are  to  be  painted  black.  Those 
for  the  artillery  will  be  marked  in  the  centre  of  the 
cover  with  the  number  of  the  regiment  only,  in  figures 
of  one  inch  and  a  half  in  length,  of  the  character  called 
full-face,  with  yellow  paint.  Those  for  the  infantiy 
will  be  marked  in  the  same  way,  in  white  paint. 
Those  for  the  ordnance  will  be  marked  with  two  can- 
non, crossing  ;  the  cannon  to  be  seven  and  a  half 
inches  in  length,  in  yellowT  paint  to  resemble  those  on 
the  cap.     The  knapsack  straps  will  be  black. 

67.  .The  knapsacks  will  also  be  marked  upon  the 
inner  side  with  the  letter  of  the  company  and  the 


12 

number  of  the  soldier,  on  such  part  as  may  be  readi- 
ly observed  at  inspections. 

68.  .Haversacks  will  be  marked  upon  the  flap 
with  the  number  and  name  of  the  regiment,  the  letter 
of  the  company,  and  number  of  the  soldier,  in  black 
letters  and  figures.  And  each  soldier  must,  at  all 
times,  be  provided  with  a  haversack  and  canteen,  and 
will  exhibit  them  at  all  inspections.  It  will  be  worn 
on  the  left  side  on  marches,  guard,  and  when  paraded 
for  detached  service — the  canteen  outside  the  haver- 
sack. 

69.  .The  front  of  the  drums  will  be  painted  with 
the  arms  of  the  Confederate  States,  on  a  blue  field 
for  the  infantry,  and  on  a  red  field  for  the  artillery. 
The  letter  of  the  company  and  number  of  the  regi- 
ment, under  the  arms,  in  a  scroll. 

70.  .Officers  at  their  stations,  in  camp  or  in  gar- 
rison, will  always  wear  their  proper  uniform. 

71.  .Soldiers  will  wear  the  prescribed  uniform  in 
camp  or  garrison,  and  will  not  be  permitted  to  keep 
in  their  possession  any  other  clothing.  When  on  fa- 
tigue parties,  they  will  wear  the  proper  fatigue  dress. 

72.. In  camp  or  barracks,  the  company  officers 
must  visit  the  kitchen  daily  and  inspect  the  kettles, 
and  at  all  times  carefully  attend  to  the  messing  and 
economy  of  their  respective  companies.  The  com- 
manding officer  of  the  post  or  regiment  will  make  fre- 
quent inspections  of  the  kitchens  and  messes. 

73.  .The  bread  must  be  thoroughly  baked,  and  not 
eaten  until  it  is  cold.  The  soup  must  be  boiled  at 
least  five  hours,  and  the  vegetables  always  cooked 
sufficiently  to  be  perfectly  soft  and  digestible. 

74  ..Messes  will  be  prepared  by  privates  of  squads, 
including  private  musicians,  each  taking  his  tour.  The 
greatest  care  wTill  be  observed  in  washing  and   scour-  i 
ing  the  cooking  utensils  ;  those  made  of  brass  and  cop- 
per should  be  lined  with  tin. 


13 

75.  .The  messes  of  prisoners  will  be  sent  to  them 
by  the  cooks. 

76.  .No  persons  will  be  allowed  to  visit  or  remain 
in  the  kitchens,  except  such  as  may  come  on  duty,  or 
be  occupied  as  cooks. 

7  7.. Those  detailed  for  duty  in  the  kitchens,  will 
also  be  required  to  keep  the  furniture  of  the  mess- 
room  in  order. 

78.. On  marches  and  in  the  field,  the  only  mess 
furniture  of  the  soldier  will  be  one  tin  plate,  one  tin 
cup,  one  knife,  fork,  and  spoon,  to  each  man,  to  be 
carried  by  himself  on  the  march. 

79.  .If  a  soldier  be  required  to  assist  his  first  ser- 
geant in  the  writing  of  the  company,  to  excuse  him 
from  a  tour  of  military  duty,  the  captain  will  prev- 
iously obtain  the  sanction  of  his  own  commander,  if 
he  have  one  present ;  and  whether  there  be  a  superior 
present  or  not,  the  captain  will  be  responsible  that 
the  man  so  employed  does  not  miss  two  successive 
tours  of  guard-duty  by  reason  of  such  employment. 

80.  .Tradesmen  may  be  relieved  from  ordinary 
military  duty  to  make,  to  alter,  or  to  mend  soldiers' 
clothing,  &c.  Company  commanders  will  fix  the  rates 
at  which  work  shall  be  done,  and  en  use  the  men,  for 
whose  benefit  it  is  done,  to  pay  for  it  at  the  next  pay 
day. 

81.. Each  company  officer,  serving  with  his  com- 
pany, may  take  from  it  one  soldier  as  waiter,  with  his 
consent  and  the  consent  of  his  captain.  No  other 
officer  shall  take  a  soldier  as  a  waiter.  Every  soldier 
so  employed  shall  be  so  reported  and  mustered. 

82.. Soldiers  taken  as  officers'  waiters  shall  be 
acquainted  with  their  military  duty,  and  at  all  times 
be  completely  armed  and  clothed,  and  in  every  re- 
spect equipped  according  to  the  rules  of  the  service, 
and  have  all  their  necessaries  complete  and  in  good 
order.     They  are  to  fall  in  with  their  respective  com- 

B 


14 

panies  at  all  reviews  and  inspections,  and  are  liable  to 
such  drills  as  the  commanding  officer  shall  judge  ne- 
cessary to  lit  them  for  service  in  the  ranks. 

S3.  .Non-commissioned  officers  will,  in  no  case,  be 
permitted  to  act  as  waiters ;  nor  are  they,  or  private 
soldiers,  not  waiters,  to  be  employed  in  any  menial 
office,  or  made  to  perform  any  service  not  military, 
for  the  private  benefit  of  any  officer  or  mess  of  officers. 

COMPANY    BOOKS. 

84.. The  following  books  are  allowed  to  each 
company :  one  descriptive  book,  one  clothing  book, 
one  order  book,  one  morning  report  book,  each  one 
quire,  sixteen  inches  by  ten.  One  page  of  the  descrip- 
tive boek  will  be  appropriated  to  the  list  of  officers ; 
two  to  the  non-commissioned  officers  ;  two  to  the  re- 
gister of  men  transferred  ;  four  to  the  register  of  men 
discharged  ;  two  to  register  of  deaths  ;  four  to  re- 
gister of  deserters — the  rest  to  the  company  descrip- 
tion list. 

LAUNDRESS. 

S5.  .Four  women  will  be  allowed  to  each  company 
as  washerwomen,  and  will  receive  one  ration  per  day 
each. 

86 . .  The  price  of  washing  soldiers'  clothing,  by  the 
month  or  by  the  piece,  will  be  determined  by  the 
Council  of  Administration. 

87.  .Debts  due  the  laundress  by  soldiers,  for  wash- 
ing, will  be  paid,  or  collected  at  the  pay-table,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Captain. 


ARTICLE    X. 

TRANSFER    OP   SOLDIERS. 

88.  .No  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier  will  be 
transferred  from  one  regiment  to  another  without  the 
authority  of  the  commanding  General. 

89.  .The  Colonel  may,  upon  the  application  of  the 
Captains,  transfer  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier 


u 

from  one  company  to  another  of  his  regiment — with 
consent  of  the  department  commander  in  case  of 
change  of  post. 

90.. When  soldiers  are  authorized  to  be  transfer- 
red, the  transfer  will  take  place  on  the  first  of  a  month, 
with  a  view  to  the  more  convenient  settlement  of 
their  accounts. 

91..  In  all  cases  of  transfer,  a  complete  descriptive 
roll  will  accompany  the  soldier  transferred,  which  roll 
will  embrace  an  account  of  his  pay,  clothing,  and 
other  allowances  ;  also,  all  stoppages  to  be  made  on 
account  of*the  government,  and  debts  due  the  laun- 
dress, as  well  as  such  other  facts  as  may  be  necessary 
to  show  his  character  and  military  history. 


ARTICLE  XL 

DECEASED    OFFICERS. 

92.  .Whenever  an  officer  dies,  or  is  killed  at  any 
military  post  or  station,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the  same, 
it  will  be  the  duty  of  the  commanding  officer  to  report 
the  fact  direct  to  the  Adjutant  General,  with  the  date, 
and  any  other  information  proper  to  be  communicated. 
If  an  officer  die  at  a  distance  from  a  military  post,  any 
officer  having  intelligence  of  the  same  will  in  like 
manner  communicate  it,  specifying  the  day  of  his 
decease  ;  a  duplicate  of  the  report  will  be  sent  to  De- 
partment Head-Quarters. 

93.  .Inventories  of  the  effects  of  deceased  officers, 
required  by  the  94th  Article  of  War,  will  be  trans- 
mitted to  the  Adjutant-General. 

94.. If  a  legal  administrator  or  family  connection 
be  present,  and  take  charge  of  the  effects,  it  will  be 
so  stated  to  the  Adjutant-General. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

DECEASED    SOLDIERS. 

95... Inventories  of   the  effects  of   deceased  non- 


16 

commissioned  officers  and  soldiers,  required  by  the 
95th  Article  of  War,  will  be  forwarded  to  the  Adju- 
tant-General, by  the  commander  of  the  company  to 
which  the  deceased  belonged,  and  a  duplicate  of  the 
same  to  the  Colonel  of  the  regiment.  Final  state- 
ments of  pay,  clothing,  &c,  will  be  sent  with  the 
inventories.  When  a  soldier  dies  at  a  post  or  station 
absent  from  his  company,  it  will  be  the  duty  of  his 
immediate  commander  to  furnish  the  required  inven- 
tory, and,  at  the  same  time,  to  forward  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  company  to  which  the  soldier 
belonged,  a  report  of  his  death,  specifying  the  date, 
place,  and  cause ;  to  what  time  he  was  last  paid,  and 
the  money  or  other  effects  in  his  possession  at  the  time 
of  his  decease ;  which  report  will  be  noted  on  the 
next  muster-roll  of  the  company  to  which  the  man 
belonged.  Each  inventory  will  be  indorsed,  "  Inven- 
tory of  the  effects  of ,  late  of  company 

( — ^  —  regiment  of ,  who  died  at ,  the 

—  day  of ,  1S6 — ."     If  a  legal  representative 

receive  the  effects,  it  will  be  stated  in  the  report.     If 
the  soldier  leave  no  effects,  the  fact  will  be  reported. 

90.  .Should  the  effects  of  a  deceased  non-commis- 
sioned officer  or  soldier  not  be  administered  upon 
within  a  short  period  after  his  decease,  they  shall  be 
disposed  of  by  a  Council  of  Administration,  under  the 
authority  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  post,  and 
the  proceeds  deposited  with  the  Paymaster,  to  the 
credit  of  the  Confederate  States,  until  they  shall  be 
claimed  by  the  legal  representatives  of  the  deceased. 

97.  .In"  all  such  cases  of  sales  by  the  Council  of 
Administration,  a  statement  in  detail,  or  account  of 
the  proceeds,  duly  certified  by  the  Council  and  com- 
manding officer,  accompanied  by  the  Paymaster's  re- 
ceipt for  the  proceeds,  will  be  forwarded  by  the  com- 
manding officer  to  the  Adjutant-General.  The  state- 
ment will  be  indorsed,  "  Report    of  the   proceeds  of 


17 


the  effects  of ,  late  of  ( — ) regiment 

of  ,  who  died  at ,  the  —  day  of , 


186—." 


ARTICLE   XIII. 

DESERTERS. 

98.  .If  a  soldier  desert  from,  or  a  deserter  be  re- 
ceived at,  any  post  other  than  the  station  of  the  com- 
pany or  detachment  to  which  he  belonged,  he  shall 
be  promptly  reported  by  the  commanding  officer  of 
such  post  to  the  commander  of  his  company  or  de- 
tachment. The  time  of  desertion,  apprehension,  and 
delivery  will  be  stated.  If  the  man  be  a  recruit,  un- 
attached, the  required  report  will  be  made  to  the 
Adjutant-General.  When  a  report  is  received  of  the 
apprehension  or  surrender  of  a  deserter  at  any  post 
other  than  the  station  of  the  company  or  detachment 
to  which  he  belonged,  the  commander  of  such  com- 
pany or  detachment  shall  immediately  forward  his 
description  and  account  of  clothing  to  the  officer 
making  the  report. 

99.. A  reward  of  thirty  dollars  will  be  paid  for 
the  apprehension  and  delivery  of  a  deserter  j;o  an  offi- 
cer of  the  army  at  the  most  convenient  post  or  re- 
cruiting station.  Rewards  thus  paid  will  be  promptly 
reported  by  the  disbursing  officer  to  the  officer  com- 
manding the  company  in  which  the  deserter  is  mus- 
tered, and  to  the  authority  competent  to  order  his 
trial.  The  reward  of  thirty  dollars  will  include  the 
remuneration  for  all  expanses  incurred  for  apprehend- 
ing, securing  and  delivering  a  deserter. 

100.. When  non-commissioned  officers  or  soldiers 
are  sent  in  pursuit  of  a  deserter,  the  expenses  neces- 
sarily incurred  will  be  paid  whether  he  be  appre- 
hended or  not,  and  reported  as  in  case  of  rewards 
paid. 

101.. Deserters  shall  make  good  the  time  lost  by 

b  1 


18 

desertion,  unless  discharged  by  competent  authority. 

102.  .No  deserter  shall  be  restored  to  duty  without 
trial,  except  by  the  authority  competent  to  order  the 
trial. 

103.  .Rewards  and  expenses  paid  for  apprehending 
a  deserter  will  be  set  against  his  pay,  when  adjudged 
by  a  court-martial,  or  when  he  is  restored  to  duty 
without  trial  on  such  condition. 

104.  .In  reckoning  the  time  of  service,  and  the  pay 
and  allowances  of  a  deserter,  he  is  to  be  considered  in 
service  when  delivered  up  as  a  deserter  to  the  proper 
authority. 

10-5.. An  apprehended  deserter,  or  one  who  sur- 
renders himself,  shall  receive  no  pay  while  waiting 
trial,  and  only  such  clothing  as  may  he  actually  neces- 
sary for  him. 


ARTICLE    XIV. 

DISCHARGES. 

100.  .No  enlisted  man  shall  be  discharged  before 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlistment  without  au- 
thority of  the  War  Department,  except  by  sentence 
of  a  general  court-martial,  or  by  the  commander  of 
the  department  or  of  an  army  in  the  held,  on  certifi- 
cate of  disability,  or  on  application  of  the  soldier  after 
twenty  years'  service. 

] 07.  .When  an  enlisted  man  is  to  be  discharged, 
his  company  commander  shall  furnish  him  certifi- 
cates of  his  account,  according  to  Form  4,  Pay  De- 
partment. 

L08.  .Blank  discharges  on  parchment  will  be  fur- 
nished from  the  Adjutant-General's  office.  No  dis- 
charge shall  be  made  in  duplicate,  nor  any  certificate 
given  in  lieu  of  a  discharge. 

100.  .The  cause  of  discharge  will  be  stated  in  the 
body  of  the  discharge,  and  the  space  at  foot  for  cha- 
racter cut  oft*,  unless  a  recommendation  is  given. 


110.  .Whenever  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  sol- 
dier shall  be  unfit  for  military  service  in  consequence 
of  wounds,  disease  or  infirmity,  his  captain  shall  for- 
ward to  the  commander  of  the  department  or  of  the 
army  in  the  field,  through  the  commander  of  the 
regiment  or  post,  a  statement  of  his  case,  with  a  cer- 
tificate of  his  disability  signed  by  the  senior  surgeon 
of  the  hospital,  regiment,  or  post,  according  to  the 
form  prescribed  in  the  Medical  Regulations. 

111.. If  the  recommendation  for  the  discharge  of 
the  invalid  be  approved,  the  authority  therefor  will  be 
indorse!  on  the  "  certificate  of  disability,"  which  will 
be  sent  back  to  be  completed  and  signed  by  the  com- 
manding officer,  who  will  then  send  the  s.ime  to  the 
Adjutant-General's  office. 

i  L2.  .The  date,  place,  and  cause  of  discharge  of  a 
soldier  absent  from  his  company  will  be  reported  by 
the  commander  of  the  post  to  his  company  com- 
mander. 

L 13.. Company  commanders  arc  required  to  keep 
the  blank  discharges  and  certificates  carefully  in  their 

own  custody.  

ARTICLE    XV. 

TRAVELING    OH    DUTY. 

114. -Whenever  an  officer  travelling  under  orders 
arrives  at  his  post,  he  will  submit  to  the  commanding 
officer  a  report  in  writing,  of  the  time  occupied  in  the 
travel,  with  a  copy  of  the  orders  under  which  the 
journey  was  performed,  and  an  explanation  of  any 
delay  in  the  execution  of  the  orders  ;  which  report 
the  commanding  officer  shall  transmit,  with  his  opin- 
ion on  it,  to  Department  Head-Quarters.  If  the  offi- 
cer be  superior  in  rank  to  the  commander,  the  required 
report  will  be  made  by  the  senior  himself. 

115.  .Orders  detaching  an  officer  for  a  special  duty, 
imply,  unless  otherwise  stated,  that  he  is  thereafter 
to  join  his  proper  station. 


'20 
ARTICLE    XVI. 

LEAVES    OF  ABSENCE    TO   OFFICERS. 

116.  .In  no  case  will  leaves  of  absence  be  granted, 
so  that  a  company  be  left  without  one  of  its  commis- 
sioned officers,  or  that  a  garrisoned  post  be  left  without 
two  commissioned  officers  and  competent  medical  at- 
tendance ;  nor  shall  leave  of  absence  be  granted  to  an 
officer  during  the  season  of  active  operations,  except 
on  urgent  necessity. 

117.. When  not  otherwise  specified,  leaves  of  ab- 
sence will  be  considered  as  commencing  on  the  day 
that  the  officer  is  relieved  from  duty  at  his  post. 
He  will  report  himself  monthly,  giving  his  address 
for  the  next  thirty  days,  to  the  commander  of  his  post 
and  of  his  regiment  or  corps,  and  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  ;  and  in  his  first  report  state  the  day  when 
his  leave  of  absence  commenced  ;  at  the  expiration  of 
his  leave  lie  will  join  his  station. 

118..  In  time  of  peace,  commanding  officers 
may  grant  leaves  of  absence  as  follows  :  the  com- 
mander of  a  post  not  to  exceed  seven  days  at  one 
time,  or  in  the  same  month  ;  the  commander  of  a 
geographical  department  not  to  exceed  sixty  days ; 
the  general  commanding  the  army  not  to  exceed  four 
months.  Applications  for  leaves  of  absence  for  more 
than  four  months,  or  to  officers  of  engineers,  ordnance, 
or  of  the  general  staff,  or  serving  on  it  (aides-de-camp 
excepted),  for  more  than  thirty  days,  must  be  referred 
to  the  Adjutant-General  for  the  decision  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War.  In  giving  a  permission  to  apply  for  the 
extension  of  a  leave  of  absence,  the  term  of  the  ex- 
tension should  be  stated. 

119.  .The  immediate  commander  of  the  officer  ap- 
plying for  leave  of  absence,  and  all  intermediate  com- 
manders, will  indorse  their  opinion  on  the  application 
before  forwarding  it. 

120.  .The  commander  of  a  post  may  take  leave  of 


21 

absence  not  to  exceed  seven  days  at  one  time,  or  in 
the  same  month,  reporting  the  fact  to  his  next  supe- 
rior. 

121.. No  leave  of  absence  exceeding  seven  days, 
except  on  extraordinary  occasions,  when  the  circum- 
stances must  be  particularly  stated  (and  except  as 
provided  in  the  preceding  paragraph),  shall  be  granted 
to  ariy  officer  until  he  has  joined  his  regiment  or  corps, 
and  served  therewith  at  least  two  years. 

122.. An  application  for  leave  of  absence  on  ac- 
count of  Bickness  must  be  accompanied  by  a  certifi- 
cate of  the  senior  medical  officer  present,  in  the  fol- 
lowing form  : 

,  of   tli"  —  regiment   of .  haying  applied   for  a 

certificate  on  which  to  ground  an  application  for  leave  of  absence,  I  do 
hereby  certify  thai  I  have  carefully  «  xamined  this  officer,  and  find  that 
— [Heretht  nature  of  the  disease,  wound or  disability  is  to  he  fully 
stated,  and  the  period  during  which  the  officer  hat  suffered  under  its 
effected  And  that  in  consequence  thereof,  he  is,  in  my  opinion,  unfit 
for  duty.  I  further  declare  my  belief  that  he  will  not  be  able  to  resume 

his  duties  in  a  l«ss  period  than .     [  Hen  state  candidly  and 

plicitlp  the  opinion  a$  to  the  period  which  will  probably  elapse  before 
the  officer  xoul  be  able  to  resume  his  duties.     When  Uu  m  to 

i  tpect    a   recovery,  or   when  the  prospect  of  >  is  distant  and  un- 

certain, or  when   a   change   of  climate  is    recommended, it  must  be  so 

stated.]     Dated  at  ,  this  —  day  of 

/  the  Medical  Officer. 

123. .When  an  officer  is  prevented  by  sickness 
from  joining  his  station,  he  will  transmit  certificates 
in  the  above  form  monthly,  to  the  commanding  offi- 
cer of  his  post  and  regiment  or  corps,  and  to  the  Ad- 
jutant-General :  and  when  he  cannot  procure  the  cer- 
tificates of  a  medical  officer  of  the  army,  he  will  sub- 
stitute his  own  certificate  on  honor  to  his  condition, 
and  a  full  statement  of  his  case.  If  the  officer's 
certificate  is  not  satisfactory,  and  whenever  an  officer 
has  been  absent  on  account  of  sickness  for  one  year, 
he  shall  be  examined  by  a  medical  board,  and  the  case 
specially  reported  to  the  President. 

124.  .In  all  reports  of  absence,  or  applications  for 
leave  of  absence  on    account  of  sickness,  the  officer 


22 

shall   state   how  long  he  has  been  absent  already  on 
that  account,  and  by  whose  permission. 

ARTICLE     XVII. 

FURLOUGHS    TO    ENLISTED    MEN. 

125.  .Furloughs  will  be  granted  only  by  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  post  or  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  regiment  actually  quartered  with  it.  Furloughs 
may  be  prohibited  at  the  discretion  of  the  officer  in 
command. 

126.  .Soldiers  on  furlough  shall  not  take  with  them 
their  anus  or  accoutrements.4 

127 .  .Form  of  furlough  : 

TO    ALL    WHOM    IT    MAY    CONCERN. 

The  bearer  hereof, ,  a  Sergeant  [corporal,  or  private,  as   thr 

casi'  may  be]  of  Captain company  —  regimen!  of , 

aged  —  years. —  feet, —  inches  high, complexion, eyes, 

hair,  and  by  profession  a ;  born  in  ili<' of- 


and  enlisted  at ,  in  tin* of ,  on  the  —  day  of 

eighteen   hundred   and ,  to   serve  for   the  period  of is 

hereby  permitted  :<>  Lr<>  to in  the  county  of .  State  of 

he  having  received  a  Furlough  from  the  —  day  of ,  to 

the  —  day  of at  which  period  he  will  rejoin  his  company  or 

regiment  at ,  or  wherever   it  then  may  be,  or  be  consi< 

a  aeserter. 

Subsistence  has  been  furnished  t<>  said .:■>  the —  day  <>t" , 

and  pay  to  the  —  day  of .  bofcfi  inclusive. 

Given  under  my  hand,  at .  this  —  day  <>1' ,  18 — , 

SigtuUun  of  tin  officer  ( 
giving  the  furlough   ^  


ARTICLE  XVIII. 

COUNCILS    OF    ADMINISTRATION. 

12S.  .The  commanding  officer  of  every  post  shall, 
at  least  once  in  every  two  months,  convene  a  Post 
Council  of  Administration^  to  consist  of  the  three  regi- 
mental or  company  officers  next  in  rank  to  himself; 
or,  it'  there  be  but  two,  then  the  too  next;  if  but  one, 
the  out  next  ;  and  it'  there  he  none  other  than  him- 
self, then  he  himself  shall  act. 

129.  .The  junior  member  will  record  the   proceed- 


23 

ingsof  the  council  in  a  book,  and  submit  the  same  to 
the  commanding  officer.  If  he  disapprove  the  pro- 
ceeding, and  the  Council,  after  a  reconsideration,  ad- 
here to  its  decision,  a  copy  of  the  whole  shall  be  sent 
by  the  officer  commanding  to  the  next  higher  com- 
mander, whose  decision  shall  be  final,  and  entered  in 
the  Council  book,  and  the  whole  be  published  in  or- 
ders for  the  information  and  government  of  all  con- 
cerned. 

ISO.. The  proceedings  of  Councils  of  Administra- 
tion shall  be  signed  by  the  president  and  recorder, 
and  the  recorder  <>f  each  meeting,  after  entering  the 
whole  proceedings,  together  with  the  final  order  there- 
on, shall  deposit  the  book  with  the  commanding  officer. 
In  like  manner,  the  approval  or  objections  of  the  offi- 
cer ordering  the  Council  will  ;  ed  with  his  own 
hand. 

L81..The  Post  Council  shall  prescribe  the  quantity 
and  kind  of  clothing,  small  equipments,  and  soldiers' 
necessaries,  groceries,  and  all  articles  which  the  sut- 
lers may  be  required  to  keep  on  hand;  i  ne  the 
sutlers  books  and  papers,  and  fix  the  tariff  of  prices 
of  the  said  goods  or  commodities;  inspect  the  sutler's 
weights  and  measures  ;  fix  the  laundress1  charges,  and 
make  the  regulations  for  the* post  school. 

L 32.. Pursuant  to  the  30th  Article  of  War,  com- 
manding officers  reviewing  the  proceedings  of  the 
Council  of  Administration  will  scrutinize  the  tariff  of 
prices  proposed  by  them,  and  take  care  that  the  stores 
actually  furnished  by  the  sutler  correspond  to  the 
quality  prescribed. 

POST    FUND. 

138.  .A  Post  Fund  shall  be  raised  at  each  post  by 
a  tax  on  the  sutler,  not  to  exceed  10  cents  a  month 
for  every  officer  and  soldier  of  the  command,  accord- 
ing to  the  average  in  each  month,  to  be  ascertained 
by  the  Council,  and  from  the  saving    on  the  flour  ra- 


24 

tion,  ordinarily  33  per  cent,  by  baking  the  soldiers' 
bread  at  a  post  bakery.  Provided,  that  when  want 
of  vegetables  or  other  reasons  make  it  necessary,  the 
commanding  officer  may  order  the  flour  saved,  or  any 
part  of  it,  issued  to  the  men,  alter  paying  expenses  of 
baking. 

134.. The  commanding  officer  shall  designate  an 
officer  to  be  post  treasurer,  who  shall  keep  the  account 
of  the  fund,  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  Council 
and  commanding  officer,  and  disburse  the  fund  on  the 
warrants  of  the  commanding  officer,  drawn  in  pursu- 
ance of  specific  resolves  of  the  Council. 

135.  /Hie  following  air  the  objects  of  expenditure 
of  the  posl  fund  :  1st.,  expenses  of  the  bake-house; 
2d.,  expenses  of  the  soldiers1  children  at  the  post 
school. 

L36..0n  thelasl  day  of  April,  August,  and  De- 
cember,  and  when  relieved  from  tin'  duty,  the  trea- 
surer shall  make  out  his  account  with  the  fund  since 
his  last  account,  andsubmit  it.  with  his  vouchers,  to 
the  Council  of  Administration,  to  be  examined  by 
thriii,  and  recorded  in  the  ( Council  book,  and  then  for- 
warded by  the  commanding  officer  i<>  Department 
Head-Quarters. 

i ;;: . .  At  each  settlement  of  the  treasurer's  account, 
the  Council  shall  dirtribute  the  uuexpended  balance 
of  the  post  fund  to  the  Beveral  companies  and  other 
tr<M»|»s  iii  the  ratio  of  their  average  force  (hiring  the 
period. 

L38..When  a  company  Leaves  the  post,  it  shall 
then    receive   its  distributive   Bhare   of  the   accrued 

fund. 

L39.  .The  regulation-  in  regard  to  a  post  final  will, 
as  for  as  practicable,  be  applied  in  the  held  to  a  i 
mental  fund,  to  be  raised,  administered,  expended,  and 
distributed  in   like   manner,  by  the    regimental    com- 
mander, and  a  regimental  council. 


COMPACT    FT'ND. 

140.  --The  distribution!  from  the  post  or  regimental 
fond,  and  the  savings  from  the  company  rat  con- 
stitute the  Company  Fund,  to  be  disbursed  by  the 
captain  for  the  benefit  of  the  enlisted  men  of  the  com- 
pany, pursuai  of  the  Company  Council, 
consisting  of  all  the  company  officers  present.  In  < 

of  a  tie  vote  in  I  ncil,  the   commander  of  the 

shall  decide.     The   Council  shall    be  convened 
once  in  two  n  by  the  In,  and  whenever  he 

may  think  proper. 

141.  .Their  ]  •  d  in  a  book. 
signed  by  all  the  Council,  and  open  at  all  tin  esto  the 
inspection  of  the  commander  of  ti  •  |  ;  eryfour 
months,  and  whenever  another  office  r  t..  nmand 
of  the  company,  and  when  the  con  pany  leaves  the 

post,  the  account  ol  ;  I  e ipanj  fund  shall  be  made 

up,  audited  by  ti     I  ded  in  the  Council 

book,  and    submitted,  with  a  duj  the   | 

commander,  who  shall   examine  it   and  forward  the 
duplicate  to  Department  Head -Quart 

i  12.  .The  supervision  of  the  company  fund  by  the 
post  commander  herein  directed  shall,  in  the  hold, 
devolve  on  the  commander  of  the  regiment. 


ARTICLE    XIX. 

143.  .Every  military  posl   may  have  one  sutler,  to 

be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Council  of  Administration,  approved 
by  the  commanding  officer. 

144.. A  sutler  shall  hold  his  office  for  a  term  of 
three  years,  unless  sooner  removed  ;  but  the  com- 
manding officer  may,  for  cause,  suspend  a  sutler's  pri- 
vilege until  a  decision  of  the  War  Department  is  re- 
ceived in  the  case. 

145.  .In  case  of  vacancy,  a  temporary  appointment 

c 


26 

may  be  made  by  the  commanding  officer  upon  the 
nomination  of  the  Council  of  Administration. 

146.. Troops  in  campaign,  on  detachment)  or  on 
distant  service,  will  be  allowed  Sutlers,  at  the  rate 
of  one  for  every  regiment,  corps,  or  separate  detach- 
ment; to  be  appointed  by  the  commanding  officer  of 
such  regiment,  corps,  or  detachment  upon  the  recom- 
mendation ol  the  Council  of  Administration,  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  general  or  other  officer  in  com* 
maud. 

L 47.. No  tax  or  burden  in  any  shape,  other  than 
the  authorized  assessment  for  the  post  fund,  will  be 
imposed  on  the  Sutler,  [f  there  be  ;i  Bpare  building, 
the  use  of  it  may  be  allowed  him,  he  being  respon- 
sible that  it  is  kept  in  repair.  If  there  be  no  such 
building,  he  may  be  allowed  to  erect  one;  but  this 
article  gives  the  Sutler  no  claim  to  quarters,  trans- 
portation for  himself  Or  goods,  Or  to  any  military  al- 
lowance whatever. 

l  18. -The  tariff  of  prices  fixed  by  the  Council  of 
Administration  shall  be  exposed  in  a  conspicuous 
place  in  the  Sutler's  store.  No  difference  of  prices 
will  be  allowed  on  cash  or  credit  sal<  s. 

i  t9.  .Sutlers  are  not  allowed  to  keep  ardent  Bpirits 
or  other  intoxicating  drinks,  under  penalty  of  losing 
their  situatioi 

!",().  .Sutlers  shall  a  rm  ou<  or  underlet  the 
business  and  privileges  granted  by  their  appointment. 

ARTICLE  XX. 

Mlt.t'.AKV  DI8<  DSSION8  and  PUBLICATIONS, 

L 5 i.  .Deliberations  or  discussions  among  any  class 
of  military   men,   having   the   objed    -  rveying 

praise,   or   censure,  or  any  mark  of  approbation  to- 
ward their  superiors  or  others  in  the  military  service; 
and  all  publications  relative  to  transactions  betwi 
officers  of  8  private  or  personal  nature,  whether  news- 
paper, pamphlet   or  hand-bill,  are  strictly  prohibited. 


ARTICLE  XXT. 

ART  (TFINEMEB 

162.  .None  but  commanding  oflS  ive  power  to 

place  officers  under  am  pt  for  i 

designated  in  the  27th  Article  of  War. 

L63. .Officers  are  not  to  be  put  in  ar  r  light 

offi  nces.     For  I  h<  le  *  mraanding 

officer  will,  in  m<  wer  the  purposes  of  dis- 

cipline. 

L64.  .An  officer  in  arrest  may,  at  the  discretion  of 
commanding  officer,    have   larger  limit  rned 

him  than  his  •■  quarters,  on  written  application 

to  that  effect.  (  Hose  i  confinement  la  not  to  l>«-  resorted 
to,  unless  under  circumstances  of  an  aggravated  char- 
acter. 

L 56.. In  ordinary  -  d  where  incoi 

t<>  ill.  service  would   result  from  it,  an  officer 

will  not  be  put  in  arrest  until  I  irt-martial  for  his 

trial  convene 

1 66.  .The  arrest  of  an  officer,  or  confinement  of  a 
soldier,  will,  i  tx   not  ified  to  his 

immediat  e  command 

157..  All  prisoners  under  guard,  without  written 
charges,  will  !»«•  released  by  tlie  officer  of  the  day  .'it 
guard-mounting,  unless  orders   to  atrary   l>e 

given  by  the  commanding  offi 

L68.  .On  b  march,  company  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  in  arrest  will  follow  in  the  rear  of 
their  respective  companies,  unless  otherwise  particu- 
larly ordered. 

159.. Field  officers,  commissioned  and  non-com- 
missioned staff  officers,  under  the  same  circumstances, 
will  follow  in  the  rear  of  their  respective  regiments. 

160.  .An  officer  under  arrest  will  not  wear  a  sword, 
or  visit  officially  his  commanding  or  other  superior 
officer,  unless  sent  for ;  and,  in  case  of  business,  he 
will  make  known  his  object  in  writing. 


2S 
ARTICLE  XXII. 

HOURS  OF  SERVICE  AND  KOLL-CALLS. 

I6I.-L1  garrison,  reveille  will  be  at  5  o'clock  in 
May,  June,  July  and  August,  at  G  in  March,  April, 
September  and  October,  and  at  half-past  b  in  Novem- 
ber, December,  January  and  February  ;  retreat  at 
sunset;  the  troop,  surgeon's  call,  signals,  for  breakfast 
and  dinner  at  the  hours  prescribed  by  the  com- 
manding officer,  according  to  climate  and  season.  In 
the  cavalry,  stable-calls  immediately  after  reveille, 
and  an  hour  and  a  half  before  retreat;  water-rails  nJt 
the  hours  directed  by  tli«'  commanding  officer. 

162,. In  camp,  the  commanding  officer  prescribes 
the  hours  of  reveille,  reports,  roll-calls,  guard-mount- 
ing, meals,  Btable-calls,  .  fatigu< 

L63..  SIGNALS. 

1.  To  go  for  fuel — poing  stroke  and  ten-stroh  roll* 
for  water — two  strokes  and  a  flam* 

3.  For  fatigue  party — pioneer's  march. 

4.  Adjutant's  call— -first  part  of  the  troop. 

').   YwA  Sergeant's  call — tune  roll  and/bur  taps. 

6.  Sergeant's  call —  Mandthret  tape. 

7.  Corporal's  call — one  roll  <inil  two  ta\> 

B.  For  the  drummers — tht  drummer's  rail. 

h">  1 .  .The drummer's  call  shall  be  beat  by  the  drums 
of  the  police  guard  five  minutes  In-fore  the  time  of 
beating  the  .stated  calls,  when  the  drummers  will  as- 
semble before  the  colors  of  their  respective  regi- 
ments, and  as  soon  as  the  beat  begins  on  the  right,  it 
will  he  immediately  taken  up  along  the  line. 

BOLIH 
165. .There  shall  he  daily  at  least  three;  stated 
roll-calls,  viz :  at  reveille,  retreat,  and  tattoo.  They  will 
be  made  on  the  company  parades  by  the  first  ser- 
geants, superintended  by  a  commissioned  <>jjic>r  ol  the 
company.  The  Captains  will  report  the  absent 
without  leave  to  the  Colonel  or  commanding  officer* 


L66.  .Immediate  -eell  (after  stable- 

fluty  iu  tl  •  •  i ry),  the  or  quai  ad  the 

round  them,  will  be  put  in  order  by  the  men 
of  the    compani*  the   chiefs  of 

■qui  '<;   by 

ird  or  prison* 

L63  .  .The   morning    n  porta  ed 

hr  the  Captains  and   Firal  ,  will  be  handed 

to  the  Adjutant  before  in  the  morni 

and  will  be  consolidated  by  the  Adjutant  within  the 
next  hour,  for  the  information  of  1  ;    and 

if  the  consolidation  ia  to  be  sent  to  ]  ity, 

it  will  be  signed  by  the  O  Adjutant, 

ARTICLE  XXm. 

HOI  UD  T'.v  THE  TROO 

L66     '!  ;  •  /'     Ident  or  I       P  bee  iluted 

with   tlir   higheal    bonon — all    >:  ds  and  colors 

dropping,  officei  -  and  I  roops  -  ilut 
and  trumpets  sounding. 

\w..A   General  <  -chief  ia  t<>  be  re- 

ceived— by  cavalry,  with  sabres  presented,  trump 
sounding    the   march,   and  all   the  offi<  duting, 

standards  dropping;   by  infantry,  with  drui  ting 

th<'  march,  colors  dropping,  office  rs  saluting,  :in<l  arms 
presented. 

170 ..  A  Major- General  is  to  be  received — by  cav- 
alry, with  sabres  presented,  trumpets  sounding  twice 
the  trumpet  flourish,  and  officers  saluting;  by  infantry, 
with  three  ruffles,  colors  dropping,  officers  saluting, 
and  arms  presented. 

171. . A  Brigadier-General  is  to  be  received — by 
cavalry,  with  sabres  presented,  trumpets  sounding 
once  the  trumpet  flourish,  and  officers  saluting;  by 
infantry,  with  two  ruffles,  colors  dropping,  officers  sa- 
luting, and  arms  presented. 

112.  .An  Adjutant- General  or  Inspect  or- General,  if 

cl 


30 

under  the  rank  of  a  General  officer,  is  to  be  received 
at  a  review  or  inspection  of  the  troops  under  arms — 
by  cavalry,  with  sabres  presented,  officers  saluting; 
by  infantry,  officers  saluting  and  arms  presented.  The 
same  honors  to  be  paid  to  any  field-officer  authorized 
to  review  and  inspect  the  troops.  When  the  inspect- 
ing officer  is  junior  to  the  officer  commanding  the 
parade,  no  compliments  will  be  paid:  he  will  be  re- 
ceived only  with  swords  drawn  and  arms  shouldered. 

173  . .  All  guards  are  to  turn  out  and  present 
arms  to  Genual  officers  as  often  as  they  pass  them, 
except  the  personal  guards  of  General  officers,  which 
turn  out  only  to  the  Generals  whose  guards  they  are, 
and  to  officers  of  superior  rank. 

171.. To  commanders,  of  regiments,  garrison,  or 
camp,  their  own  guard  turn  out,  and  present  arms 
once  a  day  ;  alter  which,  they  turn  out  with  shoul- 
dered arms. 

11').. To  the  members  of  the  Cabinet ;  to  the  Chief 
Justice;  the  President  of  th  Congress  of  the  Confederate 
States;  and  to  Governors,  within  their  respective  States 
and  Territories — the  same  honors  will  be  paid  as  to  a 
( general  commanding  in  chief. 

L76..  Officers  of  a  Foreign  service  maybe  compli- 
mented with  the  honors  due  to  their  rank. 

177.  .American  and  Foreign  Envoys  or  Ministers  will 
be  received  with  the  compliments  due  to  a  Major- 
General. 

178.. The  colors  of  a  regiment  passing  a  guard  are 
to  be  saluted,  the  trumpets  sounding,  and  the  drums 
beating  a  march. 

L79.  .When  General  officers,  or  persons  entitled  to 
a  salute,  pass  in  the  rear  of  a  guard,  the  officer  is  only 
to  make  his  men  stand  shouldered,  and  not  to  face  his 
guard  about,  or  beat  his  drum. 

180.  .When  General  officers,  or  persons  entitled  to 
a  salute,  pass   guards   while   in  the  act  of  relieving, 


31 

both  guards  are  to  salute,  receiving  the  word  of  com- 
mand from  the  senior  officer  of  the  whole. 

L81.  .All  guards  are  to  be  under  arms  when  armed 
parties  approach  their  posts  ;  and  to  parties  com- 
manded by  commissioned  officers,  they  an*  to  present 
their  arms,  drums  beating  a  march,  and  officers  sa- 
luting. 

L82..NO  compliments  by  guards  or  sentinels  will 
be  paid  between  retreat  and  repctil  ■  pt  as  prescri- 

bed for  grain  I  rounds. 

1S-3 .  .All  guards  and  sentinels  are  To  pay  the  same 
compliment*  to  the  offi<  the  navy,  marines,  and 

militia,  in  the  set  vice  <•!  tie  derate  5         ■  as  are 

directed  to  be  paid  to  the  officers  oi  the  army,  ac- 
cording to  their  relative  ranks. 

L84.  .It  is  equally  the  duty  of  Don-commissioned 
officers  and  soldiers,  at  "If  U  ad  in  all  situations,  to 

pay  the  proper  compliments  to  officers  of  the  navy 
and  marines,  and  to  officers  of  other  regiments,  when 
in  uniform,  as  to  offi<  their  own  particular  regi- 

ments and  001  pa. 

L  85 ..  Courtesy  among  military  men  is  indie  ble 

to  discipline.  Respect  to  superiors  will  not  be  con- 
fined to  obedience  on  duty,  but  will  be  extended  to 
all  occasions.  It  is  always  the  duty  of  the  inferior  to 
accost  or  offer  first  the  customary  salutation,  and  of 
the  superior  to  return  such  complimentary  notice. 

186.  .Sergeants,  with  swords  drawn,  will  salute  by 
bringing  them  to  a  present — with  muskets,  by  bringing 
the  left  hand  across  the  body,  so  as  to  strike  the  mus- 
ket near  the  right  shoulder.  Corporals  out  of  the 
ranks,  and  privates  not  sentries,  will  carry  their 
muskets  at  a  shoulder  as  sergeants,  and  salute  in  like 
manner. 

1S7.  .When  a  soldier  without  arms,  or  with  side- 
arms  only,  meets  an  officer,  he  is  to  raise  his  hand  to 
the   right   side  of  the  visor  of  his  cap,  palm    to   the 


32 

front,  elbow  raised  as  high  as  the  Bhoulder,  looking  at 
the  same  time  in  a  respectful  and  soldier-like  manner 
at  the  officer,  who  will  return  the  compliment  thus 
offered. 

188.. A  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier  being 
seated,  and  without  particular  occupation,  will  rise  on 
the  approach  of  an  officer,  and  make  the  customary 
salutation.    It"  standing,  In1  will  turn  toward  the  officer 

for  llir  same  purpose.      It    the    parties    remain   in  the 

same  place  or  on  tin-  same  ground,  such  compliments 

Deed  not   he  repeated. 

L89..The  national  salute  is  determined  by  the 
number  of  States  composing  the  Confederacy,  at  the 

rale  of  one  gun  for  each  Stale. 

L90..The  President  of  the,  C      deraU    S/ut.s  alone 

ifl  t<>  receive  a  salute  «>f    twenty-one  Lrn' 

L91..The  Pia  President  is  to  receive  a  salute  el 
sei eiiteen  gone. 

L 92.. The  Head*  of  tfu  great  Executkn  Department 
of  tin  National  Government ;  the  61  al  commanding  the 
army;  the  Governors  of  S  and  Territories,  within 
their  respective  jurisdictions,  fifteen guj 

L93.  .A  M  '  >     '  ral,  thirteen  lot 

I'M.  .A  Brigadier-General,  eleven  gi 

I  ships  of  war  will  he  saluted  in  return 

for  a  similar  compliment,  gun  for  gun,  on  notice  h. 

Officially  received  of  Mich  intention.  It'  there  lie  KV- 
eral  posts  in  sight,  or  within  six  mile-  of  each  other, 
tin1  principal  only  shall  rceipn  ompliments  with 

ships  passing. 

L96.  Ahfi<  'h>  Navy  will  he  saluted  according 

to  relative  rank. 

197  .  .  F  e  i :  "  invited  to  visit  a  fort  or  post 
may  be  saluted  according  to  their  relative  rank. 

198.  .Envoys  andMtntsters  of  the  Confederate  Si 
and    foreign  powers  are  to  be  saluted  with  thirteen 
guns.  ' 


33 

ral  officer  will  be  saluted  bui  once  in 
and  only  when  n<  I  his  int 

tioii 

o  individuals  are  to  be  fired  on  tl 

v. 

M  f  honor  m  ivalry 

or  infantry,   or   both, 

Tin  of  honor  for  the  purpoa  ing 

and  escorting  pei  high  rank,  civil  and  mili- 

The  troops  for  this  purpose  will  b< 
oldierlj 

202.  .Ti.  j        wn  up  in  line,         en- 

tre  opposite  to  the  p 

him  th  an  i  eive 

liim  and  b  '  ' 

1  with  the  qomm  rank.     When  he 

has   taken   his   p  »le  will  be 

wheeled  Into  platoons  or  compai  • 
be,  and  take  up  the  march.  >ny  will 

be  i  ■  ing 

the  • 

.When  the  position  of  the  I      con- 

siderable distance  from  the  point  win  'ted 

to  be  received,  as,  for  instance,  w  !  or 

wharf  int(  double    lineoi  sentinel*  will  be 

posted  from    thai    point  to  th<  t,  facing  inward, 

and  the  sentinels  will  successively  salute  as  he  pasi 

kjo  i .  .An  officer  will  be  appointed  to  attend  him,  to 
bear  such  communicate  ie  may  have  t<»  make  to 

the  commander  of  the  escort. 

FUNERAL    HONORS. 

205. .On  the  receipt  of  official  intelligence  of  the 
death  of  the  President  of  the  Confederate  States,  at  any 
post  or  ramp,  the  commanding  officer  shall,  on  the  fol- 
lowing day,  cause  ;i  gun  to  be  fired  at  every  half-hour, 

beginning   at   sunrise  and  ending  at  sunset.     When 


34 

posts  are  contiguous,  the  firing  will  take  place  at  the 
post  only  commanded  by  the  superior  officer. 

206.. On  the  day  of  interment  of  a  General  com- 
manding-in-chief, a  gun  will  be  fired  at  every  half-hour, 
until  the  procession  moves,  beginning  at  sunrise. 

207.  .The  funeral  escort  of  a  General  commanding- 
in-chief  shall  consist  of  a  regiment  of  infantry,  a  squad- 
ron of  cavalry,  and  six  pieces  of  artillery. 

208.. That  of  a  Major-  General,  a  regiment  of  in- 
fantry, a  squadron  of  cavalry,  and  four  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery. 

209.. That  of  a  Brigadier- General,  a  regiment  of 
infantry,  one  company  of  cavalry,  and  two  pieces  of 
artillery. 

210.. That  of  a  Colonel,  a  regiment. 

311.  .Thai  of  a  L><  utenan^Colonel,  six  companies* 

212.  .Thai  of  a  Major,  four  companies. 

213.  .Thai  of  a  Captain,  one  company. 

•J!  I.  .Thai  of  a  Subaltern,  half  a  company. 

2 1 5.  .The  funeral  escori  shall  always  be  commanded 
by  an  officer  of  the  same  rank  with  the  deceased  ;  or, 
if  none  such  be  present,  by  one  of  the  next  inferior 

grade. 

216. .The  funeral  escort  of  a  non-commissioned 
staff  officer  shall  consist  of  Bixteen  rank  and  file,  com- 
manded by  a  Sergeant. 

217.  .Thai  of  a  Sergeant,  of  fourteen  rank  and  file, 
commanded  bv  a  Sergeant. 

218.  .Thai  of  a  Corporal,  of  twelve  rank  and  file, 
commanded  by  a  Corporal;  and. 

219. .That  ofa  private,  of  eight  rank  and  file, com- 
manded by  a  ( lorporal. 

220.  .The  escort  will  be  funned  in  two  ranks,  op- 
posite t<»  the  quarters  or  tent  of  the  dc  1,  with 
shouldered  arms  and  bayonets  unfixed;  the  artillery 
and  cavalry  on  the  right  of  the  infantry. 

221  ..On  the  appearance  of  the  corpse,  the  officer 
commanding  the  escort  will  command, 


35 

Pre*  IU..ABX8! 
when  the  honors  duo  to  the  used  will  be  paid  by 

the  drums  and  trumpets.      The   music  will   thru  play 
an  appropriate  air,  and  the  coflin  will  then  be  taken 
to  the  right,  where  it  will  be  halted.    The  commander 
will  next  order. 
1.  Shoulder — Arms!     2.  By  company  {or  platoon),  left 

wheel.     3.  M  kBCH.      1.  i£       — Arms  !     •">.  Column, 

forward.  <>.  Guide  right.  7.  March. 
The  arms  will  be  reversed  at  the  order  by  bringing 
the  firelock  under  the  left  arm,  butt  to  the  front,  bar- 
rel downward,  left  hand  sustaining  the  lock,  the  right 
steadying  the  firelock  behind  the  back  :  twords  are 
reversed  in  ;i  similar  manner  under  the  right  arm. 

22:i.  .The  column  will  be  marched  in  slow  time  to 
solemn  music,  and.  on  reaching  tl  e,  will  take  a 

direction  so  as  thai  the  guides  shall  be  next  to  the 
grave.  When  the  centre  of  the  column  is  opposite  the 
grave,  the  commander  will  order, 

1.  Column.     2.  Halt!     3.  Right  into  line,  wheel. 
\.  M  mm  ii  ! 
The  coffin    is  then   brought  along    the  front,  to  the 
opposite  side  of  the  grave,  and  the  commander  then 
orde 

1.  Shoulder — Arms!     2.  Present — Arms! 
And,  when  the  coffin  reaches  the  grave,  he  adds, 

1.  Shoulder — Arms  !     2.  Rest  on — Arms  ! 
The  rest  on  arms  is  done  by  placing  the  muzzle  on 
the  left  foot,  both  hands  on  the  butt,  the  head  on  the 
hands  or  bowed,  right  knee  bent. 

223.. After  the  funeral  service  is    performed,  and 
the  coffin  is  lowered  into  the  grave,  the  commander 
wTill  order, 
1.  Attention!     2.  Shoulder — Arms!      3.  Load  at  will. 

4.  Load. 
When  three  rounds  of  small  arms  will  be  fired  by  the 
escort,  taking  care  to  elevate  the  pieces. 


30 

224.  .This  being  done,  the  commander  will  order, 

1.  By  company  (or  platoon),  right  wheel.      2.  March! 
3.   Column,  forward.      4.    Guide    left.      5.   Quick — 

March  ! 

The  music  will  not  begin  to  play  until  the  escort  is 
clear  of  the  inclosure. 

225.  .When  the  distance  to  the  place  of  interment 
is  considerable,  the  escort  may  march  in  common  time 
and  in  column  of  route,  after  leaving  the  camp  or 
garrison,  and  till  it  approaches  the  burial  ground. 

226.  .The  pall-bearers,  six  in  number,  will  be  se- 
lected from  the  grade  of  the  deceased,  or  from  the 
grade  or  grades  next  above  or  below  it. 

227.  .At  the  funeral  of  an  officer,  as  many  in  com- 
mission of  the  army,  division,  brigade,  or  regiment, 
according  to  the  rank  of  the  deceased,  as  cm  conve- 
niently be  spared  from  other  duties,  will  join  in  pro- 
cession, in  uniform  and  with  side-arms.  The  funeral 
of  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  private  will  he  at- 
tended, in  like  manner,  by  the;  non-commissioned 
officers  or  privates  <>t  the  regiment  or  company,  ac- 
cording   to  the   rank  of  the  deceased,  with  side-arms 

on]y- 

228.. Persons  joining  in  the  procession  follow  the 
coffin  in  tin'  inverse  order  of  their  rank. 

229.. The  usual  badge  of  military  mourning  is  a 
piece  of  black  crape  around  the  left  arm,  above  the 
elbow,  and  also  upon  the  sword-hilt ;  and  wrill  be 
worn  when  in  full  or  in  undress. 

230.. As  family  mourning,  crape  will  be  worn  by 
officers  (when  in  uniform)  only  around  the  left  arm. 

231 .  .The  drums  of  a  funeral  escort  will  be  covered 
with  black  crape,  or  thin  black  serge. 

232 . .  Funeral  honors  will  be  paid  to  deceased  officers 
without  military  rank,  according  to  their  assimilated 
grades. 


37 
ARTICLE   XXIV. 

OT8PBC1 IOHS   OF  1  ffE    I  ROOP8. 

233.. The  inspection  of  troops,  as  a  division,  regi- 
ment, or  other  body  composing  a  garrison  or  command, 
not  less  than  a  company,  will  generally  be  preceded 
by  a  review. 

234.  .There  will  be  certain  periodical  inspections, 
to  wit : 

1.  The  commanders  of  regiments  and  posts  will  make 
an  inspection  of  their  commands  on  the  last  day  of 
every  month. 

2.  Captains  will  inspect  their  companies  every  Sunday 
morning.  No  soldier  will  be  excused  from  Sunday 
inspection,  except  the  guard,  the  sick,  and  the  ne- 
cessary attendants  in  the  hospital. 

3.  Medical  officers  having  charge  of  hospitals  will  also 
make  a  thorough  inspection  of  them  every  Sunday 
morning. 

4.  Inspection  when  troops  are  mustered  for  payment. 

235.  .Besides  these  inspections,  frequent  visits  will 
be  made  by  the  commanding  officer,  company  and 
medical  officers,  during  the  month,  to  the  men's  quar- 
ters, the  hospital,  guard-house,  &c. 

FORM  OF  tNSPECTIOlf. 

236.  .The  present  example  embraces  a  battalion  of 

infantry.  The  inspecting  officer  and  the  field  and 
staff  officers  will  be  on  foot. 

237.. The  battalion  being  in  the  order  of  battle, 
the  Colonel  will  cause  it  to  break  into  open  column 
of  companies,  right  in  front.  He  will  next  order  the 
ranks  to  be  opened,  when  the  color-rank  and  color- 
guard,  under  the  direction  of  the  Adjutant,  will  take 
post  ten  paces  in  front,  and  the  band  ten  paces  in 
rear  of  the  column. 

238.  .The  Colonel,  seeing  the  ranks  aligned,  wTill 
command, 

D 


38 

1.   Officers  and  Sergeants  to  t/a front  of  your  companies. 

2.  March. 
Tlie  officers  will  form  themselves  in  one  rank,  eight 
paces,  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  in  one  rank, 
six  paces,  in  advance,  along  the  whole  fronts  of  their 
respective  companies,  from  right  to  left,  in  the  order 
of  seniority;  the  pioneers  and  music  of  each  com- 
pany, in  one  rank,  two  paces  behind  the  non-commis- 
sioned officers. 

239.. The  Colonel  will  next  command, 

Fit  hi  and  staff  t<>  th,  front — M  \kui  ! 

The  commissioned  officers  thus  designated  will  form 
themselves  in  one  rank,  on  a  line  equal  to  the  front 
of  the  column,  six  paces  in  front  of  the  colors,  from 
righl  t<>  left,  in  the  order  of  seniority;  and  the  non- 
commissioned stall',  in  a  similar  manner,  two  paces  in 
rear  ol  the  preceding  rank.  The  Colonel,  seeing  the 
movement  executed,  will  takt  post  on  the  right  of 
the  Lieut*  nant-<  lolonel,  and  w.'iii  the  approach  of  the 
inspecting  officer.  But  Buch  of  the  field  officers  as 
may  he  superior  in  rank  to  the  [nspector  will  not 
take  pott  in  l'ront  of  the  battalion. 

240. .The  [nspector  will  commence  in  front.  After 
inspecting  the  dress  and  Lr<-neral  appearance  of  the 
field  and  commissioned  stall'  under  arms,  the  Inspector, 
accompanied  by  these  officers,  will  pa^s  down  the 
open  column,  looking  at  every  rank  in  front  and  rear. 

24-1. .The  Colonel  will  now  command, 

1.    ( inhr  a  mis.      '2.    REST! 

When  the  [nspector  will  proceed  to  make  a  minute 
inspection  of  the  Bevera]  ranks  or  divisions,  in  succes- 
sion, commencing  in  front. 

242.. As  the  Inspector  approaches  the  non-com- 
missioned staff,  color-rank,  the  color-guard,  and  the 
band,  the  Adjutant  will  give  the  necessary  orders  for 
the  inspection  ol   arms,  boxes,  and  knapsacks.     The 


colors  will  be  planted  firm  in  the  ground,  to  enable 
tli*'   color-bearen  display  the   conto  :    their 

kna  .     The  non-commissioned  stair  may  be  dia- 

mi*  ■!!  as  ii  d;    l>ut  the  color-rank  and 

color  guard  will  remain  until  the  colon  are  to  \n 
corted  to  the  place  from  which  they  were  taken. 
13.. A*  I   •   1    ipecl  approaches  the 

ipanies,  the  Captains  will  command, 

I.  Attention,    2,  Company,    3,  Inspection — Air 
The  inspecting  officer  will  then  go  through  tin1  whole 
company,   and   minutely  inspect  the  ar  coutre- 

menta,  and  d  i  r,     Aftei  I  his  is  d 

the  i  laptain  will  command, 

Open — Boxi  & 

When  the  ammunition  and  the  boxes  will   be 
amined. 
244.  .The  Captain  will  then  command, 

i.  Shoulder — Anns!  7.  March! 

2.  Close  order*  F   ml  rank —  \    OUT  — 

3.  M  kECH  !  Pai 

4.  Order — Arms!  9.  Unsling — Knapsacks, 
,->.  Stack — Arms!               10.  Open — Knap 

6.  To  the  rear,  open  order* 

245.. The  Sergeants  will  face  inward  at  the  2d 
command,  and  close  upon  the  centre  at  the  3d,  and 
stack  their  arms  a;  the  6th  command;  at  the  6th 
command  they  face  outward,  and  resume  their  posi- 
tions at  the  7th.  When  the  ranks  are  closed,  pre- 
paratory to  take  arms,  the  Sergeants  will  also  close 
upon  the  centre,  and  at  the  word,  take  their  arms  and 
resume  their  places. 

246.. The  knapsacks  will  be  placed  at  the  feet  of 
the  men,  the  flaps  from  them,  with  the  great-coats  on 
the  flaps,  and  the  knapsacks  leaning  on  the  great- 
coats. In  this  position  the  Inspector  will  examine 
their  contents,  or  so  many  of  them  as  he  may  think 


40 

necessary,  commencing  with  the  non-commissioned 
officers,  the  men  standing  at  attention. 

247.. When  the  Inspector  has  passed  through  the 
company,  the  Captain  will  command, 
lie  [xich- — Knapsacks; 

when  each  soldier  will  repack  and  buckle  up  his 
knapsack,  leaving  it  on  the  ground,  the  number  up- 
wind, turned  from  him,  and  thru  stand  al  rest. 

248.  .The  ( laptain  will  then  command, 

1.  Attention.    2.  Company,    3.  Sling — Knapsacks, 
At    the  word   sling,   each    soldier  will    take   his   knap- 
saek,  holding  it  by  the  inner  straps,   and  stand  rivet  ; 
at  the  lasl  word  he  will  replace  it  on  his  hack.     The 
( Japtain  will  continue, 

4.  Front  rank — About —     v.  Shoulder — Arms! 

Face!  ■  '•  Officers   ami  Sergeants, 

5.  ( 'lose  order,  to  your  /><>*(*. 

6.  March!  k>.  March  ! 

7.  Take— Arms! 

and  will  cause  the  company  to  file  off  to  their  tents 
or  quarters,  except  the  company  that  i>  t<»  re-escorl 
the  colors,  which  will  await  tin-  further  orders  of  the 
Colon*  1. 

249.  .In  ;m  extensive  column,  some  of  the  rear- 
most companies  may.  alter  the  inspection  of  d 
and  general  appearance,  be  permitted  t<»  stack  arms 
until  just  befon  the  [nspector  approaches  them,  when 
they  will  be  directed  tq  take  arms  and  resume  their 
position. 

250.  .The  inspection  <»1  tin-  troops  being  ended,  the 

field  and  stall"  will    ne\  ipanv  the    [nspector  to 

the  hospital,  magazine,  arsenal,  quart  tier's  -Imp, 

guard-house  and  such  other  places  a-  he  may  think 
proper   t»»   inspect      The   Captains   and   Bubalterm 

repair  to  their  companies  and  sections  to  await  the 
Inspector. 


41 

51.. The  hospital  being  at  all  times  an  object  of 
particular  into  it  will   be  critically  and  minutely 

inspected. 

.Tin'  men  will  be  formed    in    the   company 
quarters  in  fn  their  respective  bonks,  and  on  the 

entrance  of  the  Inspector  the  word  Attention!  will  be 
given  by  the  senior  non-commissioned  officer  present, 
when  the  whole  will  salute  with  the  hand,  without 
uncovering. 

263.  .The  [nspector,  attended  by  the  company  of- 
ficers will  examine  the  general  arrangement  of  the 
interior  of  tlje  quarters,  the  hunk-,  bedding,  cooking 
and  table  utensils,   and   such  other  object  may 

present  themselves;  and  afterward  the  exterior. 

254.. The  Adjutant  will  exhibit  to  the  inspector 
the  regimental  hooks  and  papers,  including  those  re- 
lating to  the  transactions  of  the  Council  of  Adminis- 
tration. The  company  bo  -  will  also 
be  exhibited,  the  whole  together,  illyat  the  Ad- 
jutant's office,  and  in  the  presence  oi  the  officers  not 
otherwise  particularly  engaged. 

265. .The  [nspector  will  examine  critically  the 
books  and  accounts  of  the  administrative  and  disburs- 
ing officer!  of  the4  command,  and  the  money  and  pro- 
perty in  their  keeping* 

256.  .The  inspection  of  cavalry  and  Artillery  will 
conform  to  the  principles  laid  down  in  the  foregoing 
paragraphs,  regard  being  had  to  the  system  of  instruc- 
tion for  those  aims  of  service  n  spectively. 

ARTICLE  XXV. 

KUSTEBS. 

257.. Musters  will  be  made  hy  an  Inspector- 
General,  if  present,  otherwise  by  an  officer  specially 
designated  by  the  commander  of  the  army,  Division, 
or  Department ;  and  in  absence  of  either  an  Inspector- 

Dl 


42 

General  or   officer   specially  designated,   the  muster 
will  be  made  by  the  commander  of  the  post. 

258 ..When  one  inspecting  officer  can  not  muster 
all  the  troops  himself  on  the  day  specified,  the  com- 
manding officer  will  designate  such  other  competent 
officers  as  may  be  necessary,  to  assist  him. 

259.  .All  stated  musters  of  the  troops  shall  be  pre- 
ceded by  a  minute  and  careful  inspection  in  the  pre- 
scribed mode  ;  and  if  the  command  be  more  than  a 
company,  by  a  review,  before  inspection. 

2G0..The  mustering  officer  having  inspected  the 
companies  in  succession,  beginning  on  the  right,  re- 
turns to  the  first  company  to  muster  it.  The  com- 
pany being  at  ordered  arms,  with  open  ranks,  as  when 
inspected,  the  Captain  will,  as  the  mustering  officer 
approaches,  command, 

1.  Attention*     2,  Company,     :>.  Shoulder — Arms! 
4.  Support — Arms! 
The  mustering  officer  will    then   call   over  the  names 
on  the  roll,  and  each  man  as  his  name1   is  called,  will 
distinctly  answer,  Here!  and  bring  his  piece  to  a  carry 
and  to  an  ordt  r. 

261.  .After  each  company  is  mustered,  the  Captain 
will  older  it  to  be  marched  to  the  company  parade, 
and  there  dismissed  to  quarters  to  await  the  Inspec- 
tor's visit. 

262.  .After  mustering  the  companies,  the  muster- 
ing officer,  attended  by  the  company  commanders, 
will  visit  the  guard  and  hospital,  to  verify  the  pre- 
sence of  the  men  reported  there. 

263..  The  muster  and  pay  rolls  will  be  made  on 
the  printed  forms  furnished  from  the  Adjutant-Gene- 
ral's office,  and  according  to  the  directions  given  on 
them.  On  the  muster-rolls,  companies  are  desig- 
nated by  the  name  of  the  Captain,  whether  present 
or  absent.  The  pay-roll  is  left  blank,  to  be  filled  by 
the  Paymaster. 


43 


264.  .One  copy  of  each  muster-roll  will  be  trans- 
mitted by  the  mustering  officer  to  the  Adjutant-Gene- 
ral's office  in  the  War  Department  within  three  days 
after  the  muster. 


ARTICLE  XXVI. 
FORMS  OF  r.\  B  A  D  t:  . 
26-5.. On  all  parades  of  ceremony,  such  as  Reviews, 
Guard-mounting,  at  Troop  or  Retreat  parades,  instead 
of  the  word  "Rest"  which  allows  the  men  to  move 
or  change  the  position  of  their  bodies,  the  command 
will  be  "  Parade — Rest!  "  At  the  last  word  of  this 
command,  the  soldier  will  carry  the  right  foot  six 
inches  in  the  rear  of  the  left  heel,  the  left  knee  slightly 
bent,  the  body  upright  upon  the  right  leg;  the  mus- 
ket resting  against  the  hollow  of  the  right  shoulder, 
the  hands  crossed  in  front,  the  backs  of  them  outward, 
and  the  left  hand  uppermost.  At  the  word  "ATTEN- 
TION !  "  the  soldier  will  resume  the  correct  position  at 
ordered  arms.  In  the  positions  here  indicated,  the 
soldier  will  remain  silent  and  motionless;  and  it  is 
particularly  enjoined  upon  all  officers  to  cause  the 
commands  above  given,  on  the  part  of  the  soldier,  to 
be  executed  with  great  briskness  and  spirit. 

266.  .Officers  on  all  duties  under  arms  are  to  have 
their  swords  drawn,  without  waiting  for  any  words  of 
command  for  that  purpose. 

I.       DRESS    PARADE. 

267.  .There  shall  be  daily  one  dress  parade,  at  troop 
or  retreat,  as  the  commanding  officer  may  direct. 

26S.  .A  signal  will  be  beat  or  sounded  half  an  hour 
before  troop  or  retreat,  for  the  music  to  assemble  on 
the  regimental  parade,  and  each  company  to  turn  out 
under  arms,  on  its  own  parade,  for  roll-call  and  in- 
spection by  its  own  officers. 

269.  .Ten  minutes  after  that  signal,  the  Adjutant's 


44 

call  will  be  given,  when  the  Captains  will  march  their 
companies  (the  band  playing)  to  the  regimental  pa- 
rade, where  they  take  their  positions  in  the  order  of 
battle.  When  the  line  is  formed,  the  Captain  of  the 
first  company,  on  notice  from  the  Adjutant,  steps  one 
pace  to  the  front,  and  gives  to  his  company  the  com- 
mand, "  Order — Arms  !  Parade — Rest  !  "  which  is 
repeated  by  each  Captain  in  succession  to  the  left. 
The  Adjutant  takes  post  two  paces  on  the  right  of  the 
line  ;  the  Sergeant-major  two  paces  on  the  left.  The 
music  will  be  formed  in  two  ranks  on  the  right  of  the 
Adjutant.  The  senior  officer  present  will  take  the 
command  of  the  parade,  and  will  take  post  at  a  suh> 
able  distance  in  front,  opposite  the  centre,  facing  the 
line. 

270.  .When  the  companies  have  ordered  arms,  the 
Adjutant  will  order  the  music  to  beat  off,  when  it  will 
commence  on  the  right,  beat  in  front  of  the  line  to 
the  left,  and  back  to  its  place  on  the  right. 

271 .  .When  the  music  has  ceased,  the  Adjutant  will 
step  two  paces  to  the  front,  face  to  the  left,  and  com- 
mand, 

1.  Attention!     2.  Battalion,     3.  Shoulder — Arms!     4. 

Prepare  to  open  ranks!     5.  To  the  rear,  open  order! 

6.  March  ! 
At  the  sixth  command,  the  ranks  will  be  opened  ac- 
cording to  the  system  laid  down  in  the  Infantry  Tac- 
tics, the  commissioned  officers  marching  to  the  front, 
the  company  officers  four  paces,  the  field  officers  six 
paces,  opposite  to  their  position  in  the  order  of  battle, 
where  they  will  halt  and  dress.  The  Adjutant,  seeing 
the  ranks  aligned,  will  command, 

Front ! 
and  march  along  the  front  to  the    centre,  face  to  the 
right,  and  pass  the  line  of  company  officers  eight  or 
ten  paces,  where  he  will  come  to  the  right  about,  and 
command, 


45 

Present. — Arms  ! 

when  arms  will  be  presented,  officers  saluting. 

272.. Seeing  this  executed,  he  will  face  about  to 
the  commanding  officer,  salute,  and  report,  "  Sir,  the 
parade  is  formed."  The  Adjutant  will  then,  on  inti- 
mation to  that  effect,  take  his  station  three  paces  on 
the  left  of  the  commanding  officer,  one  pace  retired, 
passing  round  his  rear. 

273. .  The  commanding  officer,  bavins  acknowledged 
the  salute  of  the  line  by  touching  his  hat,  will,  after 
the  Adjutant  has  taken  his  post,  draw  his  sword,  and 
command, 

1.  Battalion.     2.  Shoulder — Arms! 
and  add  such  exercises  as  he  may  think  proper,  con- 
cluding with 

Order — Arms  ! 

then  return  his  sword,  and  direct  the  Adjutant  to 
receive  the  reports. 

274  . .  The  Adjutant  will  now  pass  round  the 
right  of  the  commanding  officer,  advance  upon  the 
line,  halt  midway  between  him  and  the  line  of  com- 
pany officers,  and  command, 

1.  First  Se?geanfs,to  the  front  and  centre.     2.  March  ! 

At  the  first  command,  they  will  shoulder  arms  as  Ser- 
geants, march  two  paces  to  the  front,  and  face  inward. 
At  the  second  command,  they  will  march  to  the  cen- 
tre, and  halt.     The  Adjutant  will  then  order, 

1.  Front — Face.  2.  Report. 
At  the  last  word,  each  in  succession,  beginning  on  the 
right,  will  salute  by  bringing  the  left  hand  smartly 
across  the  breast  to  the  right  shoulder,  and  report  the 
result  of  the  roll-call  previously  made  on  the  company 
parade. 

275.  .The  Adjutant  again  commands, 

1.  First  Sergeants,  outward — Face  !    2.  To  your  posts — 

March  ! 


46 

when  they  will  resume  their  places,  and  order  arms. 
The  Adjutant  will  now  face  to  the  commanding  officer, 
salute,  report  absent  officers,  and  give  the  result  of 
the  First  Sergeants'  reports.  The  commanding  officer 
will  next  direct  the  orders  to  be  read,  when  the  Adju- 
tant will  face  about,  and  announce, 

Attention  to  Orders. 
He  will  then  read  the  orders. 

276.. The  orders  having  been  read,  the  Adjutant 
will  face  to  the  commanding  officer,  salute,  and  report; 
when,  on  an  intimation  from  the  commander,  he  will 
face  again  to  the  line,  and  announce, 
Parade  is  dismissed. 
All  the  officers  will  now  return  their  swords,  face  in- 
ward, and  close  on  the  Adjutant,  he  having  taken  po- 
sition in  their  line,  the  field-  officers  on  the  flanks. 
The  Adjutant  commands, 

1.  Front — Face  !     2.  Forward — Maech  ! 
when  they  will  march  forward,  dressing  on  the  centre, 
the  music  playing  ;  and  when  within  six  paces  of  the 
commander,  the  Adjutant  will  give  the  word, 

Halt! 
The  officers  will  then  salute  the  commanding  officer 
by  raising  the  hand  to  the  cap,  and  there  remain  until 
he  shall  have  communicated  to  them  such  instructions 
as  he  may  have  to  give,  or  intimates  that  the  ceremony 
is  finished.  As  the  officers  disperse,  the  First  Ser- 
geants will  close  the  ranks  of  their  respective 
companies,  and  march  them  to  the  company  parades, 
where  they  will  be  dismissed,  the  band  continuing  to 
play  until  the  companies  clear  the  regimental  parade. 

277.  .All  field  and  company  officers  and  men  will 
be  present  at  dress  parades,  unless  especially  excused, 
or  on  some  duty  incompatible  with  such  attendance. 

278.. A  dress  parade  once  a  day  will  not  be  dis- 
pensed with,  except  on  extraordinary  and  urgent 
occasions. 


47 

II.      REVIEW    OF   A    BATTALION    OF   INFANTRY. 

279.  .Preparatory  to  a  review,  the  Adjutant  will 
cause  a  camp-color  to  be  placed  80  or  100  paces,  or 
more,  according  to  the  length  of  the  line,  in  front  of, 
and  opposite  to  where  the  centre  of  the  battalion 
will  rest,  where  the  reviewing  officer  is  supposed 
to  take  his  station ;  and,  although  he  may  choose  to 
quit  that  position,  still  the  color  is  to  be  considered 
as  the  point  to  which  all  the  movements  and  forma- 
tions are  relative. 

280.. The  Adjutant  will  also  cause  points  to  be 
marked,  at  suitable  distances,  for  the  wheelings  of  the 
divisions;  so  that  their  right  flanks,  in  marching  past, 
shall  only  be  about  lour  paces  from  the  camp-color, 
where  it  is  supposed  the  reviewing  officer  places  him- 
self to  receive  the  salute. 

281.. The  battalion  being  formed  in  the  order  of 
battle,  at  shouldered  arms,  the  colonel  will  command, 

1.  Battalion,  j)rej)are  for  review!  2.  To  the  rear, 
ojicn  order.  3.  March  ! 
At  the  word  March,  the  field  and  staff  officers  dis- 
mount; the  company  officers  and  the  color  rank 
advance  four  paces  in  front  of  the  front  rank,  and 
place  themselves  opposite  to  their  respective  places, 
in  the  order  of  battle.  The  color-guard  replace  the 
color-rank.  The  staff  officers  place  themselves,  accord- 
ing to  rank,  three  paces  on  the  right  of  the  rank  of 
company  officers,  and  one  pace  from  each  other;  the 
music  takes  post  as  at  parade.  The  non-commissioned 
staff  take  post  one  pace  from  each  other,  and  three 
paces  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank  of  the  battalion. 

282.  .When  the  ranks  are  aligned,  the  Colonel  will 
command, 

Front ! 

and  place  himself  eight  paces,  and  the  Lieutenant-Col- 
onel and  Major  will  place  themselves  two  paces,  in 


4S 

front  of  the  rank  of  company  officers,  and  opposite 
to  their  respective  places  in  the  order  of  battle,  all 
facing  to  the  front. 

283.. When  the  reviewing  officer  presents  himself 
before  the  centre,  and  is  fifty  or  sixty  paces  distant, 
the  Colonel  will  face  about,  and  command, 

Present — Arms  ! 
and  resume  his  front.  The  men  present  arms,  and 
the  officers  salute,  so  as  to  drop  their  swords  with  the 
last  motion  of  fhe  firelock.  The  non-commissioned 
staff  salute  by  bringing  the  sword  to  a  poise,  the  hilt 
resting  on  the  breast,  the  blade  in  front  of  the  face, 
inclining  a  little  outward.  The  music  will  play,  and 
all  the  drums  beat,  according  to  the  rank  of  the 
reviewing  officer.  The  colors  only  salute  such  per- 
sons as,  from  their  rank,  and  by  regulation  (see  Article 
XXIII,)  are  entitled  to  that  honor.  If  the  reviewing 
officer  be  junior  in  rank  to  the  commandant  of  the 
parade,  no  compliment  will  be  paid  to  him,  but  he 
will  be  received  with  arms  carried,  and  the  officers 
will  not  salute  as  the  column  passes  in  review. 

234... The  reviewing  officer  having  halted,  and 
acknowledged  the  salute  of  the  line  by  touching  or 
raising  his  cap  or  hat,  the  Colonel  will  face  about 
and  command, 

Shoulder — Arms  ! 

when  the  men  shoulder  their  pieces  ;  the  officers  and 
non-commissioned  staff  recover  their  swords  with  the 
last  motion,  and  the  Colonel  faces  to  the  front. 

2S5.  .The  reviewing  officer  will  then  go  toward  the 
right,  the  whole  remaining  perfectly  steady,  without 
paying  any  further  compliment,  while  he  passes  along 
the  front  of  the  battalion,  and  proceeds  round  the  left 
flank,  and  along  the  rear  of  the  file-closers  to  the 
right.  While  the  reviewing  officer  is  going  round  the 
battalion,  the  band  will  play,  and  will  cease  when  he 
has  returned  to  the  right  flank  of  the  troops. 


49 

286.  .When  the  reviewing  officer  turns  off,  to  place 
himself  by  the  camp-color  in  front,  the  Colonel  will  face 
to  the  line  and  command, 

1.  Close  Order.  '2.  March! 
At  the  first  command,  the  field  and  company  officers 
will  face  to  the  right-about,  and  at  the  second  com- 
mand, all  persons,  except  the  Colonel,  will  resume 
their  places  in  the  order  of  battle  ;  the  field  and  staff 
officers  mount. 

287.  .The  reviewing  officer  having  taken  his  po- 
sition near  the  camp-color,  the  Colonel  will  com- 
mand— 

1.  By  company,  right  wheel.     2.   Quick — March!      3. 

Pass  in  review.      4.   Column  forward.      5.   Guide 

right.  6.  March! 
The  battalion,  in  column  of  companies,  right  in  front, 
will  then,  in  common  time,  and  at  shouldered  arms,  be 
put  in  motion ;  the  Colonel  four  paces  in  front  of  the 
Captain  of  the  leading  company;  the  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  on  a  line  with  the  leading  company ;  the 
Major  on  aline  with  the  rear  company;  the  Adjutant 
on  a  line  with  the  second  company;  the  Sergeant-Major 
on  a  line  with  the  company  next  preceding  the  rear — 
each  six  paces  from  the  flank  (left)  opposite  to  the 
reviewing  officer;  the  staff  officers  in  one  rank,  ac- 
cording to  the  order  of  precedency,  from  the  right, 
four  paces  in  rear  of  the  column  ;  the  music  preceded 
by  the  principal  musician,  six  paces  before  the  Colo- 
nel ;  the  pioneers,  preceded  by  a  Corporal,  four  paces 
before  the  principal  musician  ;  and  the  Q.uartermaster- 
Sergeant  two  paces  from  the  side  opposite  to  the 
guides,  and  in  line  with  the  pioneers. 

2SS.  .All  other  officers  and  non-commissioned  of- 
ficers will  march  past  in  the  places  prescribed  for 
them  in  the  march  of  an  open  column.  The  guides 
and  soldiers  will  keep  their  heads  steady  to  the  front 
in  passing  in  review. 

E 


50 

289.. The  color-hearer  will  remain  in  the  ranks 
while  passing  and  saluting. 

290.  .The  music  will  begin  to  play  at  the  com- 
mand to  march,  and  after  passing  the  reviewing  officer, 
wheel  to  the  left  out  of  the  column,  and  take  a  posi- 
tion opposite  and  facing  him,  and  will  continue  to 
play  until  the  rear  of  the  column  shall  have  passed 
him,  when  it  will  cease,  and  follow  in  the  rear  of  the 
battalion,  unless  the  battalion  is  to  pass  in  quiclc  time 
also,  in  which  case  it  will  keep  its  position. 

291.  .The  officers  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer 
when  they  arrive  within  six  paces  of  him,  and  recover 
their  swords  when  six  paces  past  him.  All  officers, 
in  saluting,  will  cast  their  eyes  towards  the  reviewing 
officer. 

292.. The  Colonel,  when  he  has  saluted  at  the 
head  of  the  battalion,  will  place  himself  near  the 
reviewing  officer,  and  will  remain  there  until  the 
rear  has  passed,  when  he  will  rejoin  the  battalion. 

293.  .The  colors  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer, 
if  entitled  to  it,  when  within  six  paces  of  him,  and 
be  raised  when  they  have  passed  by  him  an  equal 
distance.  The  drums  will  beat  a  march,  or  ruffle,  ac- 
cording to  the  rank  of  the  reviewing  officer,  at  the 
same  time  that  the  colors  salute. 

294.  .When  the  column  has  passed  the  reviewing 
officer,  the  Colonel  will  direct  it  to  the  ground  it 
marched  from,  and  command, 

Guide  left, 

in  time  for  the  guides  to  cover.  The  column  having 
arrived  on  its  ground,  the  Colonel  will  command, 

1.  Column.     2.  Halt! 

form  it  in  order  of  battle,  and  cause  the  ranks  to  be 
opened,  as  in  paragraph  2S1.  The  review  will  ter- 
minate by  the  whole  saluting  as  at  the  beginning. 

295.  .If,  however,  instructions  have  been  previous- 


51 

ly  given  to  march  the  troops  past  in  quick  time  also, 
the  Colonel  will,  instead  of  changing  the  guides 
halt  the  column,  and  wheeling  it  into  line,  as  above 
directed,  give  the  command, 

1.  Quicklime  2.  March! 
In  passing  the  reviewing  officer  again,  no  salute  will 
be  offered  by  either  officers  or  men.  The  music  will 
have  kept  its  position  opposite  the  reviewing  officer, 
and  at  the  last  command  will  commence  playing,  and 
as  the  column  approaches,  will  place  itself  in  front 
of,  and  march  off  with  the  column,  and  continue  to 
play  until  the  battalion  is  halted  on  its  original  ground 
of  formation.  The  review  will  terminate  in  the  same 
manner  as  prescribed  above. 

296.. The  Colonel  will  after waid  cause  the  troops 
to  perform  such  exercises  and  maneuvres  as  the  re- 
viewing officer  may  direct. 

297.  .When  two  or  more  battalions  are  to  be  re- 
viewed, they  will  be  formed  in  parade  order,  with  the 
proper  intervals,  and  will  also  perform  the  same 
movements  that  are  laid  down  for  a  single  battalion, 
observing  the  additional  directions  that  are  given  for 
such  movements  when  applied  to  the  line.  The 
Brigadier-General  and  his  staff,  on  foot,  will  place 
themselves  opposite  the  centre  of  the  brigade;  the  Bri- 
gadier-General two  paces  in  front  of  the  rank  of  Colo- 
nels, his  aid  two  paces  on  his  right,  and  one  retired ; 
and  the  other  brigade  staff  officers,  those  having  the 
rank  of  field  officers,  in  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nels and  Majors;  and  those  below  that  rank,  in  the 
rank  of  company  officers. 

298.. In  passing  in  review,  a  Major-General  will 
be  four  paces  in  front  of  the  Colonel  of  the  leading 
battalion  of  his  division  ;  and  the  Brigadier-General 
will  be  on  the  right  of  the  Colonels  of  the  leading 
battalions  of  their  brigades;  staff  officers  on  the  left 
of  their  Generals. 


52 

299.. When  the  line  exceeds  two  battalions,  the 
reviewing  officer  may  cause  them  to  march  past  in 
quick  time  only.  In  such  cases,  the  mounted  officers 
only  will  salute. 

300.  .A  number  of  companies  less  than  a  battalion 
will  be  reviewed  as  a  battalion,  and  a  single  com- 
pany as  if  it  were  with  the  battalion.  In  the  latter 
case  the  company  may  pass  in. column  of  platoons. 

301.  .If  several  brigades  are  to  be  reviewed  toge- 
ther, or  in  one  line,  this  further  difference  will  be 
observed  ;  the  reviewing  personage,  joined  by  the 
General  of  the  division,  on  the  right  of  his  division, 
will  proceed  down  the  line,  parallel  to  its  front,  and 
when  near  the  Brigadier-Generals  respectively,  will 
be  saluted  by  their  brigades  in  succession.  The 
music  of  each,  after  the  prescribed  salute,  will  play 
while  the  reviewing  personage  is  in  front,  or  in  rear 
of  it,  and  only  then. 

302.  .In  marching  in  review,  with  several  battali- 
ons in  ■  common  time,  the  music  of  each  succeeding, 
battalion  will  commence  to  play  when  the  music  of 
the  preceding  one  has  ceased,  in  order  to  follow  its 
battalion.  When  marching  in  quick  time,  the  music 
will  begin  to  play  when  the  rear  company  of  the 
preceding  battalion  has  passed  the  reviewing  officer. 

303.. The  reviewing  officer  or  personage  will  ac- 
knowledge the  salute  by  raising,  or  taking  off,  his 
cap  or  hat,  when  the  commander  of  the  troops  salutes 
him  ;  and  also  when  the  colors  pass.  The  remainder 
of  the  time  occupied  by  the  passage  of  the  troops, 
he  will  be  covered. 

304.. The  review  of  cavalry  and  artillery  will  be 
conducted  on  similar  principles,  and  according  to  the 
systems  of  instruction  for  those  arms  of  service. 

III.      GUARD    MOUNTING. 

305 . .  Camp   and  garrison  guards  will  be  relieved 


53 

every  twenty-four  hours.  The  guards  at  out-posts  will 
ordinarily  be  relieved  in  the  same  manner  ;  but  this 
must  depend  on  their  distances  from  camp,  or  other 
circumstances,  which  may  sometimes  require  their 
continuing  on  duty  several  days.  In  such  cases,  they 
must  be  previously  warned  to  provide  themselves  ac- 
cordingly. 

306.  .At  the  first  call  for  guard-mounting,  the  men 
warned  for  duty  turn  out  on  their  company  parades 
for  inspection  by  the  First  Sergeants  ;  and  at  the  se- 
cond call,  repair  to  the  regimental  or  garrison  parade, 
conducted  by  the  First  Sergeants.  Each  detachment, 
as  it  arrives,  will,  under  the  direction  of  the  Adjutant, 
take  post  on  the  left  of  the  one  that  preceded  it,  in 
open  order,  arms  shouldered,  and  bayonets  fixed  ;  the 
supernumeraries  five  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  men  of 
their  respective  companies  ;  the  First  Sergeants  in  the 
rear  of  them.  The  Sergeant-Major  will  dress  the 
ranks,  count  the  files,  verify  the  details,  and  when  the 
guard  is  formed,  report  to  the  Adjutant,  and  take  post 
two  paces  on  the  left  of  the  front  rank. 

307.. .The  Adjutant  then  commands  Frojit,  when 
the  officer  of  the  guard  takes  post  twelve  paces  in 
front  of  the  centre,  the  Sergeants  in  one  rank,  four 
paces  in  the  rear  of  the  officers ;  and  the  Corporals  in 
one  rank,  four  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  Sergeants — all 
facing  to  the  front  The  Adjutant  then  assigns  their 
places  in  the  guard. 

30S.  .The  Adjutant  will  then  command, 
1.  Officer  and  non-commissioned  officers.       2.  About — 

Face  !     3.  Inspect  your  guards — March  ! 
The  non-commissioned  officers  then  take  their  posts. 
The  commander  of  the  guard  then  commands, 

1.  Order — Arms  !       2.  InsjKction — Arms! 
and    inspects   his  guard.     When  there  is  no  commis- 
sioned officer  <on  the  guard,  the  Adjutant  will  inspect 
it.     During  iuspeetioix,  the  band  will  play. 

El 


54 

309 . .  The  inspection  ended,  the  officer  of  the  guard 
takes  post  as  though  the  guard  were  a  company  of  a 
battalion,  in  open  order,  under  review  ;  at  the  same 
time,  also,  the  officers  of  the  day  will  take  post  in 
front  of  the  centre  of  the  guard  ;  the  old  officer  of  the 
day  three  paces  on  the  right  of  the  new  officer  of  the 
day,  one  pace  retired. 

310.  .The  Adjutant  will  now  command, 

1 .  Parade — Rest  !      2.    Troop — Beat  off. 
when  the  music,  beginning  on    the  right,  will  beat 
down  the  line  in  front  of  the  officer  of  the  guard  to 
the  left,  and  back  to  its  place  on  the  right,  where  it 
will  cease  to  play. 

311.  .The  Adjutant  then  commands, 

1.  Attention  !     2.  Shoulder — Arms  !      3..  Close  order — 

March  !  * 
At  the  word  "  close  order,"  the  officer  will  face  about ; 
at  "  march,"  resume  his  post  in  line.     The  Adjutant 
then  commands, 

Present — Arms  ! 
At  which  he  will  face  to  the  new  officer  of  the  day, 
salute,  and  report,  "  Sir,  the  guard  is  formed."  The 
new  officer  of  the  day,  after  acknowledging  the  salute, 
will  direct  the  Adjutant  to  march  the  guard  in  review, 
or  by  flank  to  its  post.  But  if  the  Adjutant  be  senior 
to  the  officer  of  the  day,  he  will  report  without  saluting 
with  the  sword  then,  or  when  marching  the  guard  in 
review. 

3 12..  In  review,  the  guard  march  past  the  officer 
of  the  day,  according  to  the  order  of  review,  con- 
ducted by  the  Adjutant,  marching  on  the  left  of  the 
first  division  ;  the  Sergeant-Major  on  the  left  of  the 
last  division. 

313.. When  the  column  has  passed  the  officer  of 
the  day,  the  officer  of  the  guard  marches  it  to  its  post, 
the  Adjutant  and  the  Sergeant-Major  retiring.  The 
music,  which   has   wheeled  out   of  the  column,  and 


55 

taken  post  opposite  the  officer  of  the  day,  will  cease, 
and  the  old  officer  of  the  day  salute,  and  give  the  old 
or  standing  orders  to  the  new  officer  of  the  day.  The 
supernumeraries,  at  the  same  time,  will  be  marched 
by  the  First  Sergeants  to  their  respective  company 
parades,  and  dismissed. 

314.  .In  bad  weather,  or  at  night,  or  after  fatiguing 
marches,  the  ceremony  of  turning  off  may  be  dis- 
pensed with,  but  not  the  inspection. 

315.. Grand  guards,  and  other  brigade  guards,  are 
organized  and  mounted  on  the  brigade  parade  by  the 
staff  officer  of  the  parade,  under  the  direction  of  the 
field  officer  of  the  day  of  the  brigade,  according  to  the 
principles  here  prescribed  for  the  police  guard  of  a 
regiment.  The  detail  of  each  regiment  is  assembled 
on  the  regimental  parade,  verified  by  the  Adjutant, 
and  marched  to  the  brigade  parade  by  the  senior 
officer  of  the  detail.  After  inspection  and  review,  the 
officer  of  the  day  directs  the  several  guards  to  their 
respective  posts. 

316.  .The  officer  of  the  old  guard,  having  his  guard 
paraded,  on  the  approach  of  the  new  guard,  com- 
mands, 

Present — Arms  ! 

317.. The  new  guard  will  march,  in  quick  time, 
past  the  old  guard,  at  shouldered  arms,  officers  saluting, 
and  take  post  four  paces  on  its  right,  where,  being 
aligned  with  it,  its  commander  will  order, 

Present — Arms  ! 
The  two  officers  will  then  approach  each  other,  and 
salute.     They  will   then  return   to   their   respective 
guards,  and  command, 

1.  Shoulder — Arms  !      2.  Order — Arms  ! 
318.  .The  officer  of  the  new  guard  will  now  direct 
the  detail  for  the  advanced  guard  to  be  formed  and 
marched  to  its  post,  the  list  of  the  guard  made  and 


56 

divided  into  three  reliefs,  experienced  soldiers  placed 
over  the  arms  of  the  guard  and  at  the  remote  and 
responsible  posts,  and  the  young  soldiers  in  posts  near 
the  guard  for  instruction  in  their  duties,  and  will  him- 
self proceed  to  take  possession  of  the  guard-house  or 
guard-tent,  and  the  articles  and  prisoners  in  charge  of 
the  guard. 

319.  .During  the  time  of  relieving  the  sentinels  and 
of  calling  in  the  small  posts,  the  old  commander  will 
give  to  the  new  all  the  information  and  instructions 
relating  to  his  post. 

320.  .The  first  relief  having  been  designated  and 
ordered  two  paces  to  the  front,  the  Corporal  of  the 
new  guard  will  take  charge  of  it,  and  go  to  relieve 
the  sentinels,  accompanied  by  the  Corporal  of  the  old 
guard,  who  will  take  command  of  the  old  sentinels, 
when  the  whole  are  relieved. 

321.  .If  the  sentinels  are  numerous,  the  Sergeants 
are  to  be  employed,  as  well  as  the  corporals,  in  reliev- 
ing them. 

322.. The  relief,  with  arms  at  a  support,  in  two 
ranks,  will  march  Jby  a  flank,  conducted  by  the  Cor- 
poral on  the  side  of  the  leading  front-rank  man  ;  and 
the  men  will  be  numbered  alternately  in  the  front  and 
rear  rank,  the  man  on  the  right  of  the  front  rank 
being  No.  1.  Should  an  officer  approach,  the  Corpo- 
ral will  command  carry  arms,  and  resume  the  support 
arms  when  the  officer  is  passed. 

323.. The  sentinels  at  the  guard-house  or  guard- 
tent  will  be  the  first  relieved  and  left  behind  ;  the 
others  are  relieved  in  succession. 

324.  .When  a  sentinel  sees  the  relief  approaching, 
he  will  halt  and  face  to  it,  with  his  arms  at  a  shoul- 
der.    At  six  paces,  the  Corporal  will  command, 

1.  Relief.      2.  Halt! 
when  the  relief  will  halt  and  carry  arms.     The  Cor- 


57 

poral  will  then  add,  "No.  1,"  or  "No.  2,"  or  "No. 
3,"  according  to  the  number  of  the  posts, 

Arms — Port  ! 
The  two  sentinels  will,  with  arms  &tport,  then  approach 
each  other,  when  the  old  sentinel,  under  the  correc- 
tion of  the  Corporal,  will  whisper  the  instructions  to 
the  new  sentinel.  This  done,  the  two  sentinels  will 
shoulder  arms,  and  the  old  sentinel  will  pass,  in  quick 
time,  to  his  place  in  rear  of  the  relief.  The  Corporal 
will  then  command, 

1.  Support — Arms!     2.  Forward.     3.  March! 
and  the  relief  proceeds  in  the  same  manner  until  the 
whole  are  relieved. 

325.. The  detachments  and  sentinels  from  the  old 
guard  having  come  in,  it  will  be  marched,  at  shouldered 
arms,  along  the  front  of  the  new  guard,  in  quick  time, 
the  new  guard  standing  at  presented  arms;  officers 
saluting,  and  the  music  of  both  guards  beating,  except 
at  the  outposts. 

326.. On  arriving  at  the  regimental  or  garrison 
parade,  the  commander  of  the  old  guard  will  send  the 
detachments  composing  it,  under  charge  of  the  non- 
commissioned officers,  to  their  respective  regiments. 
Before  the  men  are  dismissed,  their  pieces  will  be 
drawn  or  discharged  at  a  target.  On  rejoining 
their  companions,  the  chiefs  of  squads  will  examine 
the  arms,  &c,  of  their  men,  and  cause  the  whole  to 
be  put  away  in  good  order. 

327.. When  the  old  guard  has  marched  off  fifty 
paces,  the  officer  of  the  new  guard  will  order  his  men 
to  stack  their  arms,  or  place  them  in  the  arm-rack. 

32S.  .The  commander  of  the  guard  will  then  make 
himself  acquainted  with  all  the  instructions  for  his- 
post,  visit  the  sentinels,  and  question  them  and  the 
non-commissioned  officers  relative  to  the  instructions 
they  may  have  received  from  other  persons  of  the 
old  guard. 


58 
ARTICLE  XXVII. 

GUARDS. 

329.  .Sentinels  will  be  relieved  every  two  hours, 
unless  the  state  of  the  weather,  or  other  causes, 
should  make  it  necessary  or  proper  that  it  be  done  at 
shorter  or  longer  intervals. 

330.  .Each  relief,  before  mounting,  is  inspected  by 
the  commander  of  the  guard  or  of  its  post.  .  The  Cor- 
poral reports  to  him,  and  presents  the  old  relief  on 
its  return. 

331.. The  countersign,  or  watchword,  is  given  to 
such  persons  as  are  entitled  to  pass  during  the  night, 
and  to  officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  senti- 
nels of  the  guard.  Interior  guards  receive  the  coun- 
tersign only  when  ordered  by  the  commander  of 
the  troops. 

332.. The  parole  is  imparted  to  such  officers  only 
as  have  a  right  to  visit  the  guards,  and  to  make  the 
grand  rounds ;  and  to  officers  commanding  guards. 

333.  .As  soon  as  the  new  guard  has  been  marched 
off,  the  officer  of  the  day  will  repair  to  the  office 
of  the  commanding  officer  and  report  for  orders. 

334.  .The  officer  of  the  day  must  see  that  the  offi- 
cer of  the  guard  is  furnished  with  the  parole  and 
countersign  before  retreat. 

335.  .The  officer  of  the  day  visits  the  guards  during 
the  day  at  such  times  as  he  may  deem  necessary,  and 
makes  his  rounds  at  night  at  least  once  after  twelve 
o'clock. 

336.  .Upon  being  relieved,  the  officer  of  the  day 
will  make  such  remarks  in  the  report  of  the  officer  of 
the  guard  as  circumstances  require,  and  present  the 
same  at  head-quarters. 

337 . .  Commanders  of  guards  leaving  their  posts  to 
visit  their  sentinels,  or  on  other  duty,  are  to  mention 
their  intention,  and  the  probable  time  of  their  absence, 
to  the  next  in  command. 


59 

33S.  .The  officers  are  to  remain  constantly  at  their 
guards,  except  while  visiting  their  sentinels,  or  neces- 
sarily engaged  elsewhere  on  their  proper  duty. 

339.  .Neither  officers  or  soldiers  are  to  take  off  their 
clothing  or  accoutrements  while  they  are  on  guard. 

340.  .The  officer  of  the  guard  must  see  that  the 
countersign  is  duly  communicated  to  the  sentinels  a 
little  before  twilight. 

341.  .When  a  lire  breaks  out,  or  any  alarm  is  raised 
in  a  garrison,  all  guards  are  to  be  immediately  under 
arms. 

342.  .Inexperienced  officers  are  put  on  guard  as 
supernumeraries,  for  the  purpose  of  instruction. 

343.  .Sentinels  will  not  take  orders  or  allow  them- 
selves to  be  relieved,  except  by  an  officer  or  non-com- 
missioned officer  of  their  guard  or  party,  the  officer  of 
the  day,  or  the  commanding  officer  ;  in  which  case  the 
orders  will  be  immediately  notified  to  the  commander 
of  the  guard  by  the  officer  giving  them. 

344.  .Sentinels  will  report  every  breach  of  orders 
or  regulations  they  are  instructed  to  enforce. 

345.  .Sentinels  must  keep  themselves  on  the  alert, 
observing  every  thing  that  takes  place  within  sight 
and  hearing  of  their  post.  They  will  carry  their  arms 
habitually  at  support,  or  on  either  shoulder,  but  will 
never  quit  them.  In  wet  weather,  if  there  be  no 
sentry-box,  they  will  secure  arms. 

346.  .No  sentinel  shall  quit  his  post,  or  hold  con- 
versation not  necessary  to  the  proper  discharge  of  his 
duty. 

347.  .All  persons,  of  whatever  rank  in  the  service, 
are  required  to  observe  respect  towards  sentinels. 

34S.  .In  case  of  disorder,  the  sentinel  must  call  out 
the  guard  ;  and  if  a  fire  takes  place,  he  must  cry — 
"Fire!"  adding  the  number  of  his  post.  If  in  either 
case  the  danger  be  great,  he  must  discharge  his  fire- 
lock before  calling  out. 


60 

349.  .It  is  the  duty  of  a  sentinel  to  repeat  all  calls 
made  from  posts  more  distant  from  the  main  body  of 
the  guard  than  his  own,  and  no  sentinel  will  be  post- 
ed so  distant  as  not  to  be  heard  by  the  guard,  either 
directly  or  through  other  sentinels. 

350.  .Sentinels  will  present  arms  to  general  and 
field  officers,  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  and  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  post.  To  all  other  officers  they 
will  carry  arms. 

351.  .When  a  sentinel  in  his  sentry-box  sees  an  of- 
ficer approaching,  he  will  stand  at  attention,  and  as 
the  officer  passes  will  salute  him,  by  bringing  the 
left  hand  briskly  to  the  musket  as  high  as  the  right 
shoulder.* 

352 . .  The  sentinel  at  any  post  of  the  guard,  when 
he  sees  any  body  of  troops,  or  an  officer  entitled  to 
compliment  approach,  must  call — "  Turn  out  the 
guard!"  and  announce  who  approaches. 

353.  .Guards  do  not  turn  out  as  a  matter  of  com- 
pliment after  sunset ;  but  sentinels  will,  when  officers 
in  uniform  approach,  pay  them  proper  attention,  by 
facing  to  the  proper  front,  and  standing  steady  at 
shouldered  arms.  This  will  be  observed  until  the 
evening  is  so  far  advanced  that  the  sentinels  begin 
challenging. 

354.  .After  retreat  (or  the  hour  appointed  by  the 
commanding  officer),  until  broad  daylight,  a  sentinel 
challenges  every  person  who  approaches  him,  taking, 
at  the  same  time,  the  position  of  arms  port.  He  will 
suffer  no  person  to  come  nearer  than  within  reach  of 
his  bayonet,  until  the  person  has  given  the  counter- 
sign. 

355.. A  sentinel,  in  challenging,  will  call  out 
"  Who  comes  there  ?  "  If  answered — "  Friend,  with  the 
countersign,"  and  he  be  instructed  to  pass  persons 
with  the  countersign,  he  will  reply,  "Advance  friend, 
with   the    countersign  !  "      If  answered — -"Friends," 


61 


FORM    OF    GUARD    REPORT. 


Report  of  a  Guard  mounted  at ,  on  the ,  and  relieved  on  the- 


Parole. 


Countersign. 


Detail. 


Articles  in 

DC 

charge. 

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LIST   OF   THE  GUARD. 


Reliefs,  and  when  posted. 


1st.  Relief. 

From — to — and 

—  to  — 


No 

1 
2 
3 


Name 


CD. 
E.  F. 
G.H. 


Co. 

A 
B 
C 


Rt. 

1st 
4  th 
6th. 


2d  Relief. 
From  —  to  — 
and  —  to  — 


Name  Co. 


I.   J. 
K.  L. 

M.  N, 


Rt, 

3d. 

2d. 
5th 


3d.  Relief. 
From  —  to  — 
and  —  to  — 


Name 

Co 
G 

Rt. 

8th 

0. 

p. 

Q. 

E. 

H 

9th 

s. 

T. 

I 

10th 

Sergeant  W.  V.,  Co.  A,  1st  Artillery. 
Corporal  W.  X.,  Co.  B,  1st.  Infantry. 
Corporal  Y.  Z.,  Co.  C,  3d  Infantry. 


Where 
posted. 


Guard  House 
Magazine. 

Quar'mr  store 

Serg't  Guard 
Corp'l      " 


Remarks 


LIST   OF   PRISONERS. 


No. 

Nam 

s 

a. 

S 
o 
O 

g| 

'be 

Cor 
When. 

fined. 

By  Whom. 

iCharges 

Sentences 

Remarks. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

i 

- 

A.  B.  C, 

Lieut.  —  Reg't. 


Commanding  the  Guard. 


F 


62 

he  will  reply,  "  Halt  friends  !  Advance  one,  with  the 
countersign  !  "  If  answered — "  Relief"  "  Patrol"  or 
"Grand  rounds"  he  will  reply — "Halt!  Advance, 
Sergeant,  (or  Corporal)  with  the  countersign!"  and 
satisfy  himself  that  the  party  is  what  it  represents 
itself  to  be.  If  he  have  no  authority  to  pass  persons 
with  the  countersign,  if  the  wrong  countersign  be 
given,  or  if  the  person  have  not  the  countersign,  he 
will  cause  them  to  stand,  and  call  "  Corf  oral  of  tfye 
Guard!" 

356.  .In  the  daytime,  when  the  sentinel  before  the 
guard  sees  the  officer  of  the  day  approach,  he  will 
call — "  Turn  out  the  guard!  Officer  of  the  day"  The 
guard  will  be  paraded,  and  salute  with  presented 
arms. 

357.. When  any  person  approaches  a  post  ot  the 
guard  at  night,  the  sentinel  before  the  post,  after 
challenging,  causes  him  to  halt  until  examined  by  a 
non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard.  If  it  be  the 
officer  of  the  day,  or  any  other  officer  entitled  to  in- 
spect the  guard  and  to  make  the  rounds,  the  non-com- 
missioned officer  will  call — "  Turn  out  the  guard  !  " 
when  the  guard  will  be  paraded  at  shouldered  arms, 
and  the  officer  of  the  guard,  if  he  thinks  necessary, 
may  demand  the  countersign  and  parole. 

35S.  .The  officer  of  the  day,  wishing  to  make  the 
rounds,  will  take  an  escort  of  a  non-commissioned  of- 
ficer and  two  men.  When  the  rounds  are  challenged 
by  a  sentinel,  the  Sergeant  will  answer — "  Grand 
rounds  !  "  and  the  sentinel  will  reply — "  Halt,  grand 
rounds !  Advance,  Sergeant,  with  the  countersign  !  " 
Upon  which  the  Sergeant  advances  and  gives  the 
countersign.  The  sentinel  will  then  cry — "  Advance 
rounds ! "  and  stand  at  a  shoulder  till  they  have 
passed. 

359.  .When  the  sentinel  before  the  guard  challen- 
ges,  and  is  answered — "  Grand  rounds,"  he  will  re- 


63 

ply — "Halt,  grand  rounds!  Turn  out  the  guard; 
grand,  rounds  /"  Upon  which  the  guard  will  be 
drawn  up  at  shouldered  arms.  The  officer  command- 
ing the  guard  will  then  order  a  Sergeant  and  two 
men  to  advance  ;  when  within  ten  paces,  the  Sergeant 
challenges.  The  Sergeant  of  the  grand  rounds  an- 
swers — "  Grand  rounds?*  The  Sergeant  of  the 
guard  replies — "Advance,  Sergeant,  with  the  counter- 
sign /"  The  Sergeant  of  the  rounds  advances  alone, 
gives  the  countersign,  and  returns  to  his  round.  The 
Sergeant  of  the  guard  calls  to  his  officer — "  The  coun- 
tersign is  right  /"  on  which  the  officer  of  the  guard 
calls — "  Advance,  rounds  /"  The  officer  of  the  rounds 
then  advances  alone,  the  guard  standing  at  shouldered 
arms.  The  officer  of  the  rounds  passes  along  the 
front  of  the  guard  to  the  officer,  who  keeps  his  post 
on  the  right,  and  gives  him  the  parole.  He  then  ex- 
amines the  guard,  orders  back  his  escort,  and  taking 
a  new  one,  proceeds  in  the  same  manner  to  other 
guards. 

360.  .All  material  instructions  given  to  a  sentinel 
on  post,  by  persons  entitled  to  make  grand  rounds, 
ought  to  be  promptly  notified  to  the  commander  of 
the  guard. 

361  ..Any  general  officer,  or  the  commander  of  a 
post  or  garrison,  may  visit  the  guards  of  his  command, 
and  go  the  grand  rounds,  and  be  received  in  the  same 
manner  as  prescribed  for  the  officer  of  the  day. 

ARTICLE   XXVIII. 

ORDERS   AND    CORRESPONDENCE. 

362 -.The  orders  of  commanders  of  armies,  divi- 
sions, brigades,  regiments,  are  denominated  orders  of 
such  army,  division,  &c,  and  are  either  general  or 
special.  Orders  are  numbered,  general  and  special, 
in  separate  series,  each  beginning  with  the  year. 

363.. General  orders  announce  the  time  and  place 


64 

of  issues  and  payments,  hours  for  roll-calls  and  duties; 
the  number  and  kind  of  orderlies,  and  the  time  when 
they  shall  be  relieved ;  police  regulations,  and  the 
prohibitions  required  by  circumstances  and  localities  ; 
returns  to  be  made,  and  their  forms ;  laws  and  regu- 
lations for  the  army  ;  promotions  and  appointments  ; 
eulogies  or  censures  to  corps  or  individuals,  and  gene- 
rally, whatever  it  may  be  important  to  make  known 
to  the  whole  command. 

364.  .Special  orders  are  such  as  do  not  concern  the 
troops  generally,  and  need  not  be  published  to  the 
whole  command  ;  such  as  relate  to  the  march  of  some 
particular  corps,  the  establishment  of  some  post,  the 
detaching  of  individuals,  the  granting  requests,  &c, 
&c. 

365.. A  general  order,  and  an  important  special 
order,  must  be  read  and  approved  by  the  officer  whose 
order  it  is,  before  it  is  issued  by  the  staff  officer. 

366.  .An  order  will  state  at   the  head  the   source, 
place  and  date,  and  at  the  foot,  the  name  of  the  com- 
mander who  gives  is  ;  as  for  example  : 
Head- Quarters  of  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Division, 

Cam])  at ■  1st  June,  186 

General  Orders,  > 
No.  5 

By  command  of  Brigadier-General  A.  B. 
C.  D.,  Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

367. .  Orders  may  "be  put  in  the  form  of  letters,  but 
generally  in  the  strict  military  form,  through  the- 
office  of  the  Adjutant  or  Adjutant-General  of  the 
command. 

368.  .Orders  are  transmitted  through  all  the  inter- 
mediate commanders  in  the  order  of  rank.  "When  an 
intermediate  commander  is  omitted,  the  officer  who 
gives  the  order  shall  inform  him,  and  he  who  receives, 
it  shall  report  it  to  his  immediate  superior. 

369.. Orders  for  any  body  of  troops   will   be    ad- 


65 

dressed  to  the  commander,  and  will  be  opened  and 
executed  by  the  commander  present,  and  published  or 
distributed  by  him  when  necessary ;  printed  orders, 
however,  are  generally  distributed  direct  to  posts  from 
the  head-quarters  where  issued. 

370.  .Orders  assigning  the  stations  of  officers  of 
engineers,  ordnance,  and  of  the  staff  departments,  ex- 
cept as  provided  in  the  regulations  for  troops  in  the 
campaign,  will  be  given  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
through  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  or  by  command- 
ers of  geographical  departments,  under  the  special 
authority  of  the  War  Department.  The  commander 
of  a  department,  who,  in  consequence  of  the  move- 
ment of  troops  or  other  necessity  of  the  service,  re- 
moves an  officer  from  the  station  assigned  to  him  by 
the  Secretary  of  War,  shall  promptly  report  the  case 
to  the  Adjutant-General. 

371.  .A  file  of  the  printed  orders  will  be  kept  with 
the  head-quarters  of  each  regiment,  with  each  com- 
pany, and  at  each  military  post,  and  will  be  regularly 
turned  over  by  the  commander,  when  relieved,  to  his 
successor. 

372 . .  If  general  orders  are  not  received  in  regular 
succession,  commanding  officers  will  report  the  miss- 
ing numbers  to  the  proper  head-quarters. 

373.  .The  orderly  hours  being  fixed  at  each  head- 
quarters, the  staff  officers  and  chiefs  of  the  special 
services  either  attend  in  person,  or  send  their  assist- 
ants to  obtain  the  orders  of  the  day  ;  and  the  First 
Sergeants  of  companies  repair  for  that  purpose  to  the 
regimental  or  garrison  head-quarters. 

374.  .During  marches  and  active  operations,  and 
when  the  regular  orderly  hours  cannot  be  observed, 
all  orders  will  be  either  sent  direct  to  the  troops,  or 
the  respective  commanders  of  regiment  or  corps  will 
be  informed  when  to  send  to  head-quarters  for  them. 
Under  the  same  circumstances,  orders  will  be  read  to 

Fl 


66 

the  troops  during  a  halt,  without  waiting  for  the  reg- 
ular parades. 

37-3.  .Orders  to  any  officer  to  make  a  tour  of  travel 
on  duty,  as  for  the  inspection  or  payment  of  troops, 
<Src,  shall  designate  the  troops  and  posts  he  shall  visit, 
and  the  order  in  which  he  shall  visit  them,  and  the 
route  of  travel. 

376.  .Every  commander  who  gives  an  order  involv- 
ing an  expenditure  of  public  money,  shall  send  a  copy, 
without  delay,  to  the  Bureau  of  the  War  Department, 
to  which  the  expenditure  appertains ;  and  if  such 
commander  be  serving  in  a  military  department,  he 
shall  send  a  copy  of  the  order  to  the  head-quarters  of 
the  department. 

377.  .If  a  military  commander  shall  give  to  a  dis- 
bursing officer  any  order  in  conflict  with  orders  re- 
ceived by  him  from  the  officer  in  charge  of  his  depart- 
ment, at  any  superior  head-quarters,  such  commander 
shall  forthwith  transmit  the  order  to  such  head-quar- 
ters, with  explanation  of  the  necessity  which  justifies 
it. 

37S ..  Copies  of  all  orders  of  the  commanders  of 
armies,  departments,  divisions,  and  detached  brigades, 
and  of  the  superintendent  of  the  recruiting  service, 
will  be  forwarded  at  their  dates,  or  as  soon  thereafter 
as  practicable,  in  separate  series,  on  full  sheets  of  let- 
ter paper,  or  as  printed,  to  the  Adjutant-General's 
office. 

379.  .Written  communications  from  a  commander 
to  those  under  his  command  may  be  made  by  his  staff 
officer.     In  all  other  cases  by  the  officer  himself. 

380.. In  signing  an  official  communication,  the 
writer  shall  annex  to  his  name  his  rank  and  corps. 
When  he  writes  by  order,  he  shall  state  by  whose 
order. 

381.  .Communications  to  a  commander  from  those 
under  his  command  are  addressed  to  the  proper  officer 


67 

of  his  staff;  to  the  chief  of  the  Adjutant-General's 
Department,  in  what  relates  specially  to  his  bureau, 
or  to  the  service  generally  ;  to  the  chief  of  any  other 
department  of  the  staff,  in  what  relates  specially  to 
his  branch  of  the  service.  Communications  to  the 
Secretary  of  War  will  be  made  through  the  Adjutant- 
General's  office  of  the  War  Department,  unless  it  be 
a  case  of  claim,  allowance,  or  other  business  spe- 
cially appertaining  to  some  other  bureau  ;  for  exam- 
ple— claims  of  pay  will  be  transmitted  through  the 
Paymaster-General  ;  for  mileage,  or  quarters,  &c, 
through  the  Quartermaster-General.  AH  communi- 
cations, except  rolls  and  stated  returns,  and  accounts, 
are  to  be  passed  through  the  intermediate  command- 
ers. The  same  rule  governs  in  verbal  applications  ; 
for  example — a  Lieutenant  seeking  an  indulgence 
must  apply  through  his  Captain.  Communications 
from  officers  of  the  staff  and  administrative  services 
to  their  own  chiefs  do  not  pass  through  the  military 
commanders  under  whom  they  serve,  except  estimates 
for  funds  or  supplies. 

3S2.  .Copies  of  all  important  communications  froni 
the  bureaus  of  the  War  Department  to  disbursing 
officers,  relating  to  the  service  in  a  military  depart- 
ment, shall  be  sent  from  the  bureau  to  the  department 
commander. 

383.  .Rolls  and  returns  will  be  accompanied  by  a 
letter  of  transmittal,  enumerating  them,  and  referring 
to  no  other  subject. 

384.  .Generally,  officers  who  forward  communica- 
tions, indorse  on  them  their  remarks  or  opinion,  with- 
out other  letters  of  transmittal. 

3S5.. Official  letters  should  generally  refer  to  one 
matter  only.  In  regard  to  an  enlisted  man,  the  com- 
pany and  regiment  must  be  stated. 

386.  .Letters  on  letter  paper  will  be  folded  in  three 
folds,  parallel  with  the  writing. 


68 

387.  .All  communications  on  public  service  are  to 
be  marked  on  the  cover,  "  Official  Business" 

ARTICLE  XXIX. 

RETURNS     AND     REPORTS. 
MONTHLY    RETURNS. 

388 . .  Commanders  of  regiments,  corps,  and  posts, 
will  make  to  the  Adjutant-General's  office  of  the  War 
Department,  monthly  returns  of  their  respective  regi- 
ments, corps,  and  posts,  on  the  forms  furnished  from 
that  office,  and  according  to  the  directions  expressed 
on  them.  In  like  manner,  Captains  make  monthly 
company  returns  to  regimental  head-quarters.  All 
monthly  returns  will  be  forwarded  on  the  first  day  of 
the  next  month,  except  regimental  returns,  which  are 
forwarded  as  soon  as  all  the  company  returns  are  re- 
ceived. 

389.. If  any  company  be  so  far  from  regimental 
head-quarters  as  to  delay  the  transmittal  of  the  monthly 
return  to  the  tenth  of  the  month,  the  Colonel  will  not 
wait  for  the  return  of  such  company,  but  leave  space 
for  it  to  be  entered  at  the  Adjutant-General's  office ; 
for  which  purpose  the  Captain  will  transmit  a  copy  of 
the  return  direct  to  the  Adjutant-General,  as  well  as 
to  regimental  head-quarters. 

390.  .In  campaign,  monthly  returns  of  divisions  and 
detached  brigades  will  be  made  to  the  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office.  They  will  exhibit  separately  the  several 
regiments,  and  detachments,  and  staff  corps,  and  the 
strength  of  each  garrison  within  the  command.  These 
returns,  and  those  of  regiments,  corps,  and  posts,  in 
campaign,  will,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  be  transmit- 
ted through  the  intermediate  commanders. 

391.. The  established  printed  forms  and  blanks  of 
all  returns  required  from  the  commanders  of  divisions, 
brigades,  regiments,  corps,  companies,  and  posts,  will 


69 

be  furnished  from  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  on 
iheir  requisitions  annually  made,  or  oftener  if  necessary. 
The  receipt  of  these  forms  and  blanks  will  be  imme- 
diately acknowledged,  and  afterward  accounted  for  on 
the  next  monthly  returns. 

392 . .  Manuscript  returns,  rolls,  certificates,  and  other 
documents,  are  prohibited,  unless  the  proper  printed 
forms  have  not  been  received  in  time.  Regimental 
returns  must  he  made  out  in  the  name  of  the  Colonel, 
whether  he  be  present  or  absent. 

ANNUAL  RETURNS CASUALTIES. 

393.. This  return  will  exhibit  the  various  changes 
and  alterations  which  may  have  taken  place  in  the 
regiment  during  the  preceding  twelve  months  ;  that 
is  to  say — a  statement  of  the  number  of  resignations, 
transfers,  deaths,  &c,  of  commissioned  officers  ;  the 
number  of  men  joined  by  enlistment,  transferred,  and 
discharged  ;  the  number  tried  by  courts-martial  or  by 
the  civil  law,  and  the  nature  of  their  offenses  ;  the 
number  of  discharges,  deaths,  dismissals,  and  deser- 
tions ;   number  joined  from  desertion,  pardoned,  &c. 

RETURN    OF    DECEASED    SOLDIERS. 

394.  .To  be  forwarded  to  the  Adjutant-General,  by 
the  Colonels  of  regiments,  quarterly.  Also,  a  dupli- 
cate to  the  Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 

FIELD    RETURNS. 

395.  .Besides  the  stated  returns  of  the  troops,  such 
other  field  returns  and  reports  will  be  made  as  may  be 
necessary  to  keep  the  Government  informed  of  the 
condition  and  strength  of  the  forces. 

396.. After  any  action  or  affair,  a  return  of  the 
killed,  w^ounded,  and  missing  wTill  be  made,  in  which 
the  name,  rank,  and  regiment  of  each  officer  and  sol- 
dier will  be  specified,  with  such  remarks  and  explana- 
tions  as   may  be   requisite  for   the   records  of  the 


70 

Department  of  War,  or  be  necessary  to  establish  the 
just  claims  of  any  individual  who  may  have  be%n 
wounded,  or  of  the  heirs  and  representatives  of  any 
killed  in  action  (taking  care  to  specify  the  nature  of 
the  wound,  the  time  and  place  of  its  occurrence,  the 
company,  regiment,  or  corps,  and  the  name  of  the 
Captain,  Colonel,  or  other  commanding  officer.) 

REPORTS. 

397.. The  date  of  appointment,  of  detail,  and  of 
removal  of  all  staff  officers,  or  of  officers  selected  for 
duty  in  staff  departments,  which  may  entitle  them  to 
receive  additional  pay,  will  be  immediately  reported 
by  the  officer  making  such  appointment,  detail,  or 
removal,  to  the  Adjutant-General,  and  to  the  Pay- 
master of  the  department  or  command  to  which  such 
officers  belong. 

398.  .Whenever  any  change  takes  place  in  the 
position  or  location  of  troops,  the  fact  will  be  imme- 
diately reported  by  the  commanding  officer  to  general, 
division,  and  department  head-quarters,  specifying  the 
date  of  departure  of  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the 
troops,  or  of  the  arrival  of  any  detachment ;  as  well 
as  all  other  circumstances  connected  with  such 
changes  in  the  command.  These  special  reports  will 
always  be  accompanied  by  an  exact  return  of  the 
troops  according  to  the  established  printed  forms,  A 
similar  report  will  be  noted  on  the  next  monthly  re- 
turn of  the  post  or  station.  If  a  new  post  or  posi- 
tion be  established,  its  situation,  and  the  nearest 
post-office  and  proper  route  to  it  should  be  reported 

399.  .Officers  on  detached  duty  will  make  reports 
to  the  head-quarters  of  the  regiments  or  corps,  and 
to  the  Adjutant-General,  as  often  as  their  stations 
may  be  changed. 

PRISONERS  OF  WAR — CAPTURED  PROPERTY. 

400.. A  return  of  prisoners,  and  a  report  of  the 


71 

number  and  description  of  the  killed  and  wounded  of 
the  enemy,  will  be  forwarded  to  the  Adjutant-Gene- 
ral's office,  seat  of  Government. 

401.. A  return  of  all  property  captured  will  be 
made  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  troops  by 
whom  such  capture  was  made,  to  the  Adjutant-Gene- 
ral, at  the  seat  of  Government,  in  order  that  it  may 
be  disposed  of  according  to  the  orders  of  the  War 
Department. 

INSPECTION  REPORTS. 

402.  .Inspection  reports  will  show  the  discipline  of 
the  troops ;  their  instruction  in  all  military  exercises 
and  duties;  the  state  of  their  arms,  clothing,  equip- 
ments, and  accoutrements  of  all  kinds ;  of  their  kit- 
chens and  messes;  of  the  barracks  and  quarters  at 
the  post ;  of  the  guard-house,  prisons,  hospital,  bake- 
house, magazine,  store-houses,  and  stores  of  every 
description ;  of  the  stables  and  horses  ;  the  condition 
of  the  post-school ;  the  management  and  application 
of  the  post  and  company  funds ;  the  state  of  the 
post,  and  regimental,  and  company  books,  papers  and 
files ;  the  zeal  and  ability  of  the  officers  in  command 
of  troops;  the  capacity  of  the  officers  conducting 
the  administrative  and  staff  services,  the  fidelity  and 
economy  of  their  disbursements  ;  the  condition  of  all 
public  property,  and  the  amount  of  money  in  the 
hands  of  each  disbursing  officer ;  the  regularity  of 
issues  and  payments ;  the  mode  of  enforcing  disci- 
pline by  courts-martial,  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
officers;  the  propriety  and  legality  of  all  punish- 
ments inflicted ;  and  any  information  whatsoever, 
concerning  the  service  in  any  matter  or  particular 
that  may  merit  notice,  or  aid  to  correct  defects  or  in- 
troduce improvements. 

403 . .  Inspectors  are  required  particularly  to  report 
if  any  officer  is  of  intemperate  habits,  or  unfit  for  ac- 
tive service  by  infirmity  or  any  other  cause. 


72 
ARTICLE  XXX. 

TROOPS     IN     CAMPAIGN. 
ORGANIZATION  OF  AN  ARMY  IN  THE  FIELD. 

404.  .The  formation  by  divisions  is  the  basis  of  the 
organization  and  administration  of  armies  in  the 
field. 

405.. A  division  consists  usually  of  two  or  three 
brigades,  either  of  infantry  or  cavalry,  and  troops  of 
other  corps  in  the  necessary  proportion. 

406.. A  brigade  is  formed  of  two  or  more  regi- 
ments.    The  first  number  takes  the  right. 

407.. Mixed  brigades  are  sometimes  formed  of  in- 
fantry and  light  cavalry,  especially  for  the  advanced 
guards. 

408 . .  As  the  troops  arrive  at  the  rendezvous,  the 
general  commanding-in-chief  will  organize  them  into 
brigades  and  divisions. 

409.  .The  light  cavalry  is  employed  as  flankers  and 
partisans,  and  generally  for  all  service  out  of  the  line. 

410.  .Heavy  cavalry  belongs  to  the  reserve,  and  is 
covered,  when  necessary,  in  marches,  camps,  or  bi- 
vouacs, by  light  troops,  or  infantry  of  the  line. 

411.  .The  arrangement  of  the  troops  on  parade  and 
in  order  of  battle  is — 1st,  the  light  infantry  ;  2d,  in- 
fantry of  the  line  ;  3d,  light  cavalry  ;  4th,  cavalry  of 
the  line  ;  5th,  heavy  cavalry.  The  troops  of  the  ar- 
tillery and  engineers  are  in  the  centre  of  the  brigades, 
divisions,  or  corps  to  which  they  are  attached  ;  ma- 
rines take  the  left  of  other  infantry  ;  volunteers  and 
militia  take  the  left  of  regular  troops  of  the  same 
arm,  and  among  themselves,  regiments  of  volunteers 
or  militia  of  the  same  arm  take  place  by  lot.  This 
arrangement  is  varied  by  the  General  commanding-in- 
chief,  as  the  circumstances  of  war  render  expedient. 

412.  .Brigades  in  divisions,  and  divisions  in  the 
army,  are  numbered  from  right  to  left ;  but  in  reports 


73 

of  military  operations,  brigades  and  divisions  are 
designated  by  the  name  of  the  General  commanding 
them. 

413.. The  order  of  regiments  in  brigades,  and  of 
brigades  in  divisions,  may  be  changed  by  the  com- 
mander of  the  division  for  important  reasons,  such  as 
the  weakness  of  some  corps,  or  to  relieve  one  from 
marching  too  long  at  the  rear  of  the  column.  Such 
changes  must  be  reported  to  the  General  commanding- 
in-chief. 

414.  .The  General  commanding-in-chief  assigns  the 
Generals  of  divisions  and  of  brigades  to  their  respec- 
tive commands,  when  the  assignment  is  not  made  by 
the  Department  of  War. 

415.  .The  General  of  brigade  inspects  his  troops  in 
detail,  by  companies,  when  he  takes  the  command  and 
at  the  opening  of  the  campaign,  and  as  often  as  may 
be  necessary  to  ascertain  exactly  their  condition.  The 
General  of  division  makes  similar  inspections  when  he 
thinks  proper.  At  these  inspections  the  Generals  ex- 
amine the  arms,  clothing,  equipments,  harness,  horses, 
&c,  direct  the  necessary  repairs,  and  designate  the 
men  and  horses  to  remain  in  depot,  or  march  with  the 
train. 

416.  .Reports  of  inspections  are  made  by  the  Gen- 
eral of  brigade  to  the  General  of  division,  and  by  the 
General  of  division  to  the  General  commanding-in- 
chief. 

417.. During  marches  and  all  active  operations, 
Generals  of  brigade  keep  themselves  exactly  informed, 
by  reports  of  corps  and  by  their  inspections,  of  the 
actual  strength  of  the  regiments,  so  as  always,  and 
especially  after  an  engagement,  to  make  accurate  re- 
turns to  the  General  of  division. 

418.  .Staff  officers  and  officers  of  engineers,  ord- 
nance, and  artillery,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
service,  are  assigned  to  the  head-quarters  of  armies 

a 


74 

and  divisions,  and  detached  brigades,  by  order  of  the 
General  commanding-in-chief,  when  the  distribution 
of  these  officers  has  not  been  regulated  by  the  War 
Department.  The  necessary  staff  will  be  assigned  to 
commanders  of  brigades. 

419.  .When  an  engineer  or  other  officer  is  charged 
with  directing  an  expedition  or  making  a  reconnois- 
sance,  without  having  command  of  the  escort,  the 
commander  of  the  escort  shall  consult  him  on  all  the 
arrangements  necessary  to  secure  the  success  of  the 
operation. 

420.. Staff  officers,  and  commanders  of  engineers, 
ordnance,  and  artillery,  report  to  their  immediate  com- 
manders the  state  of  the  supplies  and  whatever  con- 
cerns the  service  under  their  direction,  and  receive 
their  orders  and  communicate  to  them  those  they  re- 
ceive from  their  superiors  in  their  own  corps. 

421.. The  senior  officer  of  engineers,  of  ordnance, 
and  the  departments  of  the  general  staff  serving  at 
the  chief  head-quarters  in  the  field,  will  transmit  to 
the  bureau  of  his  department  at  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment, at  the  close  of  the  campaign,  and  such  other 
times  as  the  commander  in  the  field  may  approve,  a 
full  report  of  the  operations  of  his  department,  and 
whatever  information  to  improve  its  service  he  may 
be  able  to  furnish. 

The  report  of  the  officer  of  engineers  will  embrace 
plans  of  military  works  executed  during  the  campaign, 
and,  in  case  of  siege,  a  journal  of  the  attack  or  de- 
fense. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

422.  .When  the  wants  of  the  army  absolutely  re- 
quire it,  and  in  other  cases,  under  special  instructions 
from  the  War  Department,  the  General  commanding 
the  army  may  levy  contributions  in  money  or  kind  on 
the  enemy's  country  occupied  by  the  troops.  No 
other  commander  can  levy  such  contributions  without 


75 

"written  authority  from  the  General  commanding-in- 
chief. 

ORDERLIES. 

423. -At  the  opening  of  a  campaign,  the  com- 
mander of  an  army  determines  and  announces  in 
orders  the  number  of  orderlies,  mounted  or  foot,  for 
the  Generals,  and  the  corps  or  regiments  by  which  they 
are  to  be  supplied,  and  the  periods  at  which  they  shall 
be  relieved. 

424.  .In  marches,  the  mounted  orderlies  follow  the 
Generals,  and  perform  the  duty  of  escorts,  or  march 
with  orderlies  on  foot  at  the  head  of  the  division  or 
brigade. 

425.  .The  staff  officer  who  distributes  the  orderlies 
to  their  posts,  sends  with  them  a  note  of  the  time  and 
place  of  departure ;  those  relieved  receive  a  like  note 
from  the  staff  officer  at  the  head-quarters. 

426.  .Mounted  soldiers  are  to  be  employed  to  carry 
dispatches  only  in  special  and  urgent  cases. 

427.. The  precise  time  when  the  dispatch  is  sent 
oft*,  and  the  rate  at  which  it  is  to  be  conveyed,  are  to 
•be  written  clearly  on  the  covers  of  all  letters  trans- 
mitted by  a  mounted  orderly,  and  the  necessary  in- 
structions to  him,  and  the  rate  of  travel  going  and 
returning,  are  to  be  distinctly  explained  to  him. 

DEPOTS. 

42S.  .The  grand  depots  of  an  army  are  established 
where  the  military  operations  would  not  expose  them 
to  be  broken  up.  Smaller  depots  are  organized  for 
the  divisions  and  the  several  arms.  They  are  com- 
manded by  officers  temporarily  disabled  for  field  ser- 
vice, or  by  other  officers  when  necessary,  and  com- 
prise, as  much  as  possible,  the  hospitals  and  depots  for 
convalescents.  When  conveniently  placed,  they  serve 
as  points  for  the  halting  and  assembling  of  detach- 
ments.    They  receive  the  disabled  from  the  corps  on 


76 

the  march  ;  and  the  officers  in  command  of  the  depots 
send  with  the  detachments  to  the  army  those  at  the 
depots  who  have  become  fit  for  service. 

CAMPS. 

429.. Camp  is  the  place  where  troops  are  estab- 
lished in  tents,  in  huts,  or  in  bivouac.  Cantonments 
are  the  inhabited  places  which  troops  occupy  for  shel- 
ter when  not  put  in  barracks.  The  camping-party  is 
a  detachment  detailed  to  prepare  a  camp. 

430.  .Reconnoissances  should  precede  the  establish- 
ment of  the  camp.  For  a  camp  of  troops  on  the 
march,  it  is  only  necessary  to  look  to  the  health  and 
comfort  of  the  troops,  the  facility  of  the  communica- 
tions, the  convenience  of  wood  and  water,  and  the 
resources  in  provisions  and  forage.  The  ground  for 
an  intrenched  camp,  or  a  camp  to  cover  a  country, 
or  one  designed  to  deceive  the  enemy  as  to  the 
strength  of  the  army,  must  be  selected,  and  the  camp 
arranged  for  the  object  in  view. 

431.  .The  camping-party  of  a  regiment  consists  of 
the  regimental  Quartermaster  and  Quartermaster- 
Sergeant,  and  a  Corporal  and  two  men  per  company. 
The  General  decides  whether  the  regiments  camp  se- 
parately or  together,  and  whether  the  police  guard 
shall  accompany  the  camping-party,  or  a  larger  es- 
cort shall  be  sent. 

432.  .Neither  baggage  nor  led  horses  are  permitted 
to  move  with  the  camping-party. 

433.  .When  the  General  can  send  in  advance  to 
prepare  the  camp,  he  gives  his  instructions  to  the 
chief  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  who  calls 
on  the  regiments  for  their  camping  parties,  and  is  ac- 
companied, if  necessary  by  an  Engineer,  to  propose 
the  defenses  and  communications. 

434.  .The  watering-places  are  examined,  and  sig- 
nals placed  at  those  that  are  dangerous.  Any  work 
required  to  make  them  of  easier  access  is  done  by 


77 

the  police  guard  or  Quartermaster's  men.  Sentinels, 
to  be  relieved  by  the  guards  of  the  regiment  when 
they  come  up,  are  placed  by  the  camping-party  over 
the  water  if  it  is  scarce,  and  over  the  houses  and  stores 
of  provisions  and  forage  in  the  vicinity 

435.. If  the  camping-party  does  not  precede  the 
regiment,  the  Quartermaster  attends  to  these  things  as 
soon  as  the  regiment  reaches  the  camp. 

436.  .On  reaching  the  ground,  the  infantry  form  on 
the  color  front;  the  cavalry  in  rear  of  its  camp. 

437.. The  Generals  establish  tli3  troops  in  camp 
as  rapidly  as  possible,  particularly  after  long  fatigu- 
ing marches. 

438.. The  number  of  men  to  be  furnished  for 
guards,  pickets,  and  orderlies;  the  fatigue  parties  to 
be  sent  for  supplies;  the  work  to  be  done,  and  the 
strength  of  the  working  parties ;  the  time  and  place 
for  issues  ;  the  hour  of  marching,  &c,  are  then  an- 
nounced by  the  Brigadier-Generals  to  the  Colonels, 
and  by  them  to  the  field  officers — the  Adjutant  and 
Captains  formed  in  front  of  the  regiment,  the  First 
Sergeants  taking  post  behind  their  Captains.  The  Ad- 
jutant then  makes  the  details,  and  the  First  Sergeants 
warn  the  men.  The  regimental  officer  of  the  day 
forms  the  picket,  and  sends  the  guards  to  their  posts. 
The  colors  are  then  planted  at  the  centre  of  the  color 
line,  and  the  arms  are  stacked  on  the  line ;  the  fatigue 
parties  to  procure  supplies,  and  the  working  parties 
form  in  rear  of  the  arms  ;  the  men  not  on  detail  pitch 
the  tents. 

439.. If  the  camp  is  near  the  enemy,  the  picket 
remains  under  arms  until  the  return  of  the  fatigue 
parties,  and,  if  necessary,  is  reinforced  by  details  from 
each  company. 

440.  .In  the  cavalry,  each  troop  moves  a  little  in 
rear  of  the  point  at  which  its  horses  are  to  be  secured, 
and  forms  in  one  rank  ;    the  men  then  dismount ;    a 

Gl 


78 

detail  is  made  to  hold  the  horses ;  the  rest  stack  their 
arms  and  fix  the  picket  rope ;  after  the  horses  are 
attended  to,  the  tents  are  pitched,  and  each  horseman 
places  his  carbine  at  the  side  from  the  weather,  and 
hangs  his  sabre  and  bridle  on  it. 

441.. The  standard  is  then  carried  to  the  tent  of 
the  Colonel. 

442 ..  The  terms  front,  flank,  right,  left,  file,  and 
rank,  have  the  same  meaning  when  applied  to  camps 
as  to  the  order  of  battle. 

443.  .The  front  of  the  camp  is  usually  equal  to  the 
front  of  the  troops.  The  tents  are  arranged  in  ranks 
and  files.  The  number  of  ranks  varies  with  the 
strength  of  the   companies  and  the  size  of  the  tents. 

444.  .No  officer  will  be  allowed  to  occupy  a  house, 
although  vacant  and  on  the  ground  of  his  camp,  ex- 
cept by  permission  of  the  commander  of  the  brigade, 
who  shall  report  it  to  the  commander  of  the  division. 

445.  .The  staff  officer  charged  with  establishing  the 
camp  will  designate  the  place  for  the  shambles.  The 
offal  will  be  buried. 

CAMP    OF   INFANTRY. 

440.. Each  company  has  its  tents  in  two  files, 
facing  on  a  street  perpendicular  to  the  color  line.  The 
width  of  the  street  depends  on  the  front  of  the 
camp,  but  should  not  be  less  than  5  paces.  The  in- 
terval between  the  ranks  of  tents  is  2  paces;  between 
the  files  of  tents  of  adjacent  companies,  2  paces  ;  be- 
tween regiments,  22  paces. 

447.. The  color  line  is  10  paces  in  front  of  the 
front  rank  of  tents.  The  kitchens  are  20  paces  be- 
hind the  rear  rank  of  company  tents  ;  the  non-com- 
missioned staff  and  sutler,  20  paces  in  rear  of  the 
kitchens ;  the  company  officers,  20  paces  farther  in 
rear ;  and  the  field  and  staff,  20  paces  in  rear  of  the 
company  officers. 

448.  .The  company  officers  are  in  rear  of  their  re- 
spective companies  ;  the  Captains  on  the  right. 


79 

449.  .The  Colonel  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  are  near 
the  centre  of  the  line  of  field  and  staff;  the  Adjutant, 
a  Major  and  Surgeon,  on  the  right ;  the  Quarter- 
master, a  Major  and  Assistant-Surgeon,  on  the  left. 

450.  .The  police  guard  is  at  the  centre  of  the  line 
of  the  non-commissioned  staff,  the  tents  facing  to  the 
front,  the  stacks  of  arms  on  the  left. 

451.. The  advanced  posts  of  the  police  guard  is 
about  200  paces  in  front  of  the  color  line,  and  oppo- 
site the  centre  of  the  regiment,  or  on  the  best  ground; 
the  prisoners'  tent,  about  4  paces  in  rear.  In  a  regi- 
ment of  the  second  line,  the  advanced  post  of  the 
police  guard  is  200  jiaces  in  rear  of  the  line  of  its  field 
and  staff. 

452.. The  horses  of  the  staff  officers  and  of  the 
baggage  train  are  25  paces  in  rear  of  the  tents  of 
the  field  and  staff;  the  wagons  are  parked  on  the 
same  line,  and  the  men  of  the  train  camped  near 
them. 

453.  .The  sinks  of  the  men  are  150  paces  in  front 
of  the  color  line — those  of  the  officers  100  paces  in 
rear  of  the  train.  Both  are  concealed  by  bushes. 
When  convenient,  the  sinks  of  the  men  may  be  placed 
in  rear  or  on  a  flank.  A  portion  of  the  earth  dug  out 
for  sinks  to  be  thrown  back  occasionally. 

454.  .The  front  of  the  camp  of  a  regiment  of  1000 
men  in  two  ranks  will  be  400  paces,  or  one-fifth  less 
paces  than  the  number  of  files,  if  the  camp  is  to 
have  the  same  front  as  the  troops  in  order  of  battle. 
But  the  front  may  be  reduced  to  190  paces  by  nar- 
rowing the  company  streets  to  5  paces ;  and  if  it  be 
desirable  to  reduce  the  front  still  more,  the  tents  of 
companies  may  be  pitched  in  single  file — those  of  a 
division  facing  on  the  same  street. 

CAMP    OF   CAVALRY. 

455.  .In  the  cavalry,  each  company  has  one  file  of 
tents — the  tents  opening  on  the  street  facing  the  left 
of  the  camp. 


80 

456.  .The  horses  of  each  company  are  placed  in  a 
single  file,  facing  the  opening  of  the  tents,  and  are 
fastened  to  pickets  planted  firmly  in  the  ground,  from 
3  to  6  paCes  from  the  tents  of  the  troops. 

457.  .The  interval  between  the  file  of  tents  should 
be  such  that,  the  regiment  being  broken  into  column 
of  companies,  each  company  should  be  on  the  exten- 
sion of  the  line  on  which  the  horses  are  to  be 
picketed. 

45S..The   streets   separating   the    squadrons   are 
wider  than  those  between   the  companies  by  the  in- 
terval separating  squadrons  in   line ;    these  intervals 
are  kept  free  from  any  obstruction  throughout   the. 
camp. 

459.  .The  horses  of  the  rear  rank  are  placed  on  the 
left  of  those  of  their  file  leaders. 

460.  .The  horses  of  the  Lieutenants  are  placed  on 
the  right  of  their  platoons ;  those  of  the  Captains  on 
the  right  of  the  company. 

461.. Each  horse  occupies  a  space  of  about  2 
paces.  The  number  of  horses  in  the  company  fixes 
the  depth  of  the  camp,  and  the  distance  between 
the  files  of  tents ;  the  forage  is  placed  between  the 
tents. 

462.  .The  kitchens  are  20  paces  in  front  of  each 
file  of  tents. 

463.. The  non-commissioned  officers  are  in  the 
tents  of  the  front  rank.  Camp-followers,  teamsters, 
&c,  are  in  the  rear  rank.  The  police  guard  in 
the  rea^rank,  near  the  centre  of  the  regiment. 

464.  .The  tents  of  the  Lieutenants  are  30  paces  in 
rear  of  the  file  of  their  company ;  the  tents  of  the 
Captains  30  paces  in  rear  of  the  Lieutenants. 

465 . .  The  Colonel's  tent  30  paces  in  the  rear  of  the 
Captains'  near  the  centre  of  the  regiment ;  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel on  his  right ;  the  Adjutant  on  his  left; 
the  Majors  on  the  same  line,  opposite  the  2d  company 


81 

on  the  right  and  left ;    the  Surgeon  on  the  left  of  the 
Adjutant. 

466.  .The  field  and  staff  have  their  horses  on  the 
left  of  their  tents,  on  the  same  line  with  the  com- 
pany horses ;  sick  horses  are  placed  in  one  line  on  the 
right  or  left  of  the  camp.  The  men  who  attend 
them  have  a  separate  file  of  tents ;  the  forges  and 
wagons  in  rear  ot  this  file.  The  horses  of  the  train 
and  of  camp-followers  are  in  one  or  more  files  extend- 
ing to  the  rear,  behind  the  right  or  left  squadron.  The 
advanced  post  of  the  police  guard  is  200  paces  in 
front,  opposite  the  centre  of  the  regiment;  the  horses 
in  one  or  two  files. 
•  467.  .The  sinks  for  the  men  are  150  paces  in  front 
— those  for  officers,  100  paces  in  rear  of  the  camp. 

CAMP   OF   ARTILLERY. 

46S.  .The  artillery  is  encamped  near  the  troops  to 
which  it  is  attached,  so  as  to  be  protected  from  at- 
tack, and  to  contribute  to  the  defense  of  the  camp. 
Sentinels  for  the  park  are  furnished  by  the  artillery, 
and,  when  necessary,  by  the  other  troops. 

469.. For  a  battery  of  6  pieces,  the  tents  are  in 
three  files — one  for  each  section  ;  distance  between 
the  ranks  of  tents,  15  paces;  tents  opening  to  the 
front.  The  horses  of  each  section  are  picketed  in  one 
file,  10  paces  to  the  left  of  the  file  of  tents.  In  the 
horse  artillery,  or  if  the  number  of  horses  makes  it 
necessary,  the  horses  are  in  two  files,  on  the  right  and 
left  of  the  file  of  tents.  The  kitchens  are  25  paces 
in  front  of  the  front  rank  of  tents.  The  tents  of  the 
officers  are  in  the  outside  files  of  company  tents,  25 
paces  in  the  rear  of  the  rear  rank— the  Captain  on  the 
right,  the  Lieutenants  on  the  left. 

470.  .The  park  is  opposite  the  centre  of  the  camp, 
40  paces  in  rear  of  the  officers'  tents.  The  carriages 
in  files  4  paces  apart;  distance  between  ranks  of  car- 
riages sufficient  for  the  horses  when  harnessed  to  them; 


82 

the  park  guard  is  25  paces  in  rear  of  the  park.  The 
sinks  for  the  men,  150  paces  in  front ;  for  the  officers, 
100  paces  in  the  rear.  The  harness  is  in  the  tents  of 
the  men. 

BIVOUACS. 

471.  .A  regiment  of  cavalry  being  in  order  of  bat- 
tle, in  rear  of  the  ground  to  be  occupied,  the  Colonel 
breaks  it  by  platoons  to  the  right.  The  horses  of 
each  platoon  are  placed  in  a  single  row,  and  fastened 
as  prescribed  for  camps ;  near  the  enemy  they  remain 
saddled  all  night,  with  slackened  girths.  The  arms 
are  at  first  stacked  in  rear  of  each  row  of  horses;  the 
sabres,  with  the  bridles  hung  on  them,  are  placed 
against  the  stacks. 

472.  .The  forage  is  placed  on  the  right  of  each  row 
of  horses.  Two  stable-guards  for  each  platoon  watch 
the  horses. 

473.  .A  fire  for  each  platoon  is  made  near  the  color 
line,  20  paces  to  the  left  of  the  row  of  horses.  A 
shelter  is  made  for  the  men  around  the  fire,  if  possible, 
and  each  man  then  stands  his  arms  and  bridle  against 
the  shelter. 

474.  .The  fires  and  shelter  for  the  officers  are  placed 
in  rear  of  the  line  of  those  for  the  men. 

475.  .The  interval  between  the  squadrons  must  be 
without  obstruction  throughout  the  whole  depth  of 
the  bivouac. 

476.  .The  interval  between  the  shelters  should  be 
such  that  the  platoons  can  take  up  a  line  of  battle 
freely  to  the  front  or  rear. 

477.. The  distance  from  the  enemy  decides  the 
manner  in  which  the  horses  are  to  be  fed  and  led  to 
water.  When  it  is  permitted  to  unsaddle,  the  saddles 
are  placed  in  the  rear  of  the  horses. 

478.  .In  infantry,  the  fires  are  made  in  rear  of  the 
color  line,  on  the  ground  that  would  be  occupied  by 
the  tents  in  camp.     The  companies  are  placed  around 


83 

them,  and  if  possible,  construct  shelters.  When  lia- 
ble to  surprise,  the  infantry  should  stand  to  arms  at 
daybreak,  and  the  cavalry  mount  until  the  return  of 
the  reconnoitering  parties.  If  the  arms  are  to  be 
taken  apart  to  clean,  it  must  be  done  by  detachments, 
successively. 

CANTONMENTS. 

479.  .The  cavalry  should  be  placed  under  shelter 
whenever  the  distance  from  the  enemy,  and  from  the 
ground  where  the  troops  are  to  form  for  battle,  permit 
it.  Taverns  and  farm-houses,  with  large  stables  and 
free  access,  are  selected  for  quartering  them. 

480.  .The  Colonel  indicates  the  place  of  assembling 
in  case  of  alarm.  It  should  generally  be  outside  the 
cantonment ;  the  egress  from  it  should  be  free  ;  the 
retreat  upon  the  other  position  secure,  and  roads 
leading  to  it  on  the  side  of  the  enemy  obstructed. 

481.  .The  necessary  orders  being  given,  as  in  esta- 
blishing a  camp,  the  picket  and  grand  guards  are 
posted.  A  sentinel  may  be  placed  on  a  steeple  or 
high  house,  and  then  the  troops  are  marched  to  the 
quarters.  The  men  sleep  in  the  stables,  if  it  is  thought 
necessary. 

482 ..  The  above  applies  in  the  main  to  infantry. 
Near  the  enemy,  companies  or  platoons  should  be 
collected,  as  much  as  possible,  in  the  same  houses. 
If  companies  must  be  separated,  they  should  be  di- 
vided by  platoons  or  squads.  All  take  arms  at  day- 
break. 

483.  .When  cavalry  and  infantry  canton  together, 
the  latter  furnish  the  guards  by  night,  and  the  former 
by  day. 

484.  .Troops  cantoned  in  presence  of  the  enemy 
should  be  covered  by  advanced  guards  and  natural  or 
artificial  obstacles. 

Cantonments  taken  during  a  cessation  of  hostilities 
should  be  established  in  rear  of  a  line  of  defense,  and 


•    84 

in  front  of  the  point  on  which  the  troops  would  con- 
centrate to  receive  an  attack.  The  general  command- 
ing-in-chief assigns  the  limits  of  their  cantonments  to 
the  divisions,  the  commanders  of  divisions  to  brigades, 
and  the  commanders  of  brigades  post  their  regiments. 
The  position  for  each  corps  in  case  of  attack  is  care- 
fully pointed  out  by  the  generals. 

HEAD-QUARTERS. 

485 . .  Generals  take  post  at  the  centre  of  their  com- 
mands, on  the  main  channels  of  communication.  If 
troops  bivouac  in  presence  of  the  enemy,  the  Generals 
bivouac  with  them. 

MILITARY   EXERCISES. 

486 . .  When  troops  remain  in  camp  or  cantonment 
many  days,  the  Colonels  require  them  to  be  exercised 
in  the  school  of  the  battalion  and  squadron.  Regi- 
ments and  brigades  encamped  by  division,  are  not 
united  for  drills  without  the  permission  of  the  general 
of  division.  The  troops  must  not  be  exercised  at  the 
firings  without  the  authority  of  the  General  command- 
ing-in-chief.  The  practice  of  the  drums  must  never 
begin  with  the  "  general "  or  the  "  march  of  the 
regiment;"  nor  the  trumpets  with  the  sound  "to 
horse."     The  hour  for  practice  is  always  announced. 

ORDERS. 

487.. In  the  field,  verbal  orders  and  important 
sealed  orders  are  carried  by  officers,  and,  if  possible, 
by  staff  officers.  When  orders  are  carried  by  order- 
lies, the  place  and  time  of  departure  will  be  marked 
on  them,  and  place  and  time  of  delivery  on  the  receipt. 

DISPATCHES. 

488.  .Dispatches,  particularly  for  distant  corps, 
should  be  intrusted  only  to  officers  to  whom  their  con- 
tents can  be  confided.  In  a  country  occupied  by  the 
enemy,  the  bearer  of  dispatches  should  be  accompanied 
by  at  least  two  of  the  best  mounted  men  ;  should 
avoid  towns  and  villages,  and  the  main  roads  ;  rest  as 


85 

little  as  possible,  and  only  at  out-of-the-way  places. 
Where  there  is  danger,  he  should  send  one  of  the  men 
in  advance,  and  be  always  ready  to  destroy  his  dis- 
patches. He  should  be  adroit  in  answering  questions 
about  the  army,  and  not  to  be  intimidated  by  threats. 

WATCHWORDS. 

489.  .The  parole  and  countersign  are  issued  daily 
from  the  principal  head-quarters  of  the  command. 
The  countersign  is  given  to  the  sentinels  and  non- 
commissioned officers  of  guards ;  the  parole  to  the 
commissioned  officers  of  guards.  The  parole  is 
usually  the  name  of  a  general  ;  the  countersign  of  a 
battle. 

490.. When  the  parole  and  countersign  cannot  be 
communicated  daily  to  a  post  or  detachment  which 
ought  to  use  the  same  as  the  main  body,  a  series  of 
words  may  be  sent  for  some  days  in  advance. 

491.  .If  the  countersign  is  lost,  or  one  of  the  guard 
deserts  with  it,  the  commander  on  the  spot  will  sub- 
stitute another,  and  report  the  case  at  once  to  the 
proper  superior,  that  immediate  notice  may  be  given 
to  head-quarters. 

ISSUES. 

492 . .  At  what  time  and  for  what  period  issues  are 
made,  must  depend  on  circumstances,  and  be  regu- 
lated in  orders.  When  an  army  is  not  moving,  rations 
are  generally  issued  for  four  days  at  a  time.  Issues 
to  the  companies  of  a  regiment,  and  the  fatigues  to 
receive  them,  are  superintended  by  an  officer  de- 
tailed from  the  regiment.  Issues  are  made  from 
one  end  of  the  line  to  the  other,  beginning  on  the 
right  and  left  alternately.  An  issue  commenced  to 
one  regiment  will  not  be  interrupted  for  another  en- 
titled to  precedence  if  it  had  been  in  place. 

THE   ROSTER,    OR   DETAILS    FOR   SERVICE. 

493.. The  duties  performed  by  detail  are  of  three 
classes.     The  first  class  comprises — 1st,  grand  guards 

H 


86 

and  outposts ;  2d,  interior  guards,  as  of  magazine,  hos- 
pital, &c. ;  3d,  orderlies  ;  4th,  police  guards. 

The  second  class  comprises — 1st,  detachments  to  pro- 
tect laborers  on  military  works,  as  field  works,  com- 
munications, &c. :  2d,  working  parties  on  such  works; 
3d,  detachments  to  protect  fatigues. 

The  third  class  are  all  fatigues,  without  arms,  in  or 
out  of  camp. 

In  the  cavalry,  stable-guards  form  a  separate  ros- 
ter, and  count  before  fatigue. 

494.  .The  rosters  are  distinct  for  each  class.  Offi- 
cers are  named  on  them  in  the  order  of  rank.  The 
details  are  taken  in  succession  in  the  order  of  the 
roster,  beginning  at  the  head. 

495.  .Lieutenants  form  one  roster,  and  First  and 
Second  Lieutenants  are  entered  on  it  alternately.  The 
senior  First  Lieutenant  is  the  first  on  the  roster  ;  the 
senior  Second  Lieutenant  is  the  second,  &c.  The 
Captains  form  one  roster,  and  are  exempt  from  fa- 
tigues, except  to  superintend  issues.  A  Captain  com- 
manding a  battalion  temporarily  is  exempt  from  de- 
tail, and  duty  falling  to  him  passes.  Lieutenant-Col- 
onels and  Majors  are  on  one  roster.  They  may  be  de- 
tailed for  duties  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  when 
the  importance  of  the  guards  and  detachments  requires 
it.  Their  roster  is  kept  at  division  and  brigade  head- 
quarters. In  the  company,  sergeants,  corporals  and 
privates  form  distinct  rosters. 

496.  .Officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  sol- 
diers, take  duties  of  the  first  class  in  the  order  stated, 
viz  :  the  first  for  the  detail,  takes  the  grand  guards  ; 
the  next,  the  interior  guards ;  the  last,  the  police 
guard  ;  and  the  same  rule  in  regard  to  the  details  and 
duties  of  the  second  class.  In  the  details  for  the  third 
class,  the  senior  officer  takes  the  largest  party.  The 
party  first  for  detail  takes  the  service  out  of  camp. 

497.  .When  the  officer  whose  tour  it  is,  is  not  able 


87 

to  take  it,  or  is  not  present  at  the  hour  of  marching, 
the  next  after  him  takes  it.  When  a  guard  has  passed 
the  chain  of  sentinels,  or  an  interior  guard  has  reached 
its  post,  the  officer  whose  tour  it  was  cannot  then  take 
it.  He  takes  the  tour  of  the  officer  who  has  taken 
his.  When  an  officer  is  prevented  by  sickness  from 
taking  his  tour,  it  passes.  These  rules  apply  equally 
to  non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers 

498.  .Duties  of  the  first  and  second  classes  are  cred- 
ited on  the  roster  when  the  guards  or  detachments 
have  passed  the  chain  of  sentinels,  or  an  interior  guard 
has  reached  its  post ;  fatigue  duties,  when  the  parties 
have  passed  the  chain  or  begun  the  duties  in  camp. 

499.. Every  officer,  non-commissioned  officer,  or 
soldier  on  duty  of  the  first  class,  or  who  is  of  the  next 
detail  for  such  duty,  takes,  when  relieved,  the  duty  of 
the  second  or  third  class  that  lias  fallen  to  him  during 
that  time,  unless  he  lias  marched  for  detachment  of 
more  than  twenty-four  hours. 

500.  .Soldiers  march  with  knapsacks  on  all  duties 
of  the  first  class;  and  with  arms  and  equipments  com- 
plete on  all  working  parties  out  of  the  camp,  unless 
otherwise  ordered.  In  the  cavalry,  horses  are  packed 
for  all  mounted  service. 

501.. In  the  cavalry,  dismounted  men,  and  those 
whose  horses  are  not  in  order,  are  preferred  for  the 
detail  for  dismounted  service.  Those  who  are  mounted 
are  never  employed  on  those  services,  if  the  number 
of  the  other  class  are  sufficient. 

502.  .Every  non-commissioned  officer  and  soldier  in 
the  cavalry  detailed  for  dismounted  service  must,  be- 
fore he  marches,  take  to  the  First  Sergeant  of  the 
troop,  or  Sergeant  of  his  squad,  his  horse  equipments 
and  his  valise  ready  packed.  In  case  of  alarm,  the 
First  Sergeant  sees  that  the  horses  of  these  men  are 
equipped  and  led  to  the  rendezvous. 

503.  .These  rules  in  regard  to  the  roster  apply  also 
to  service  in  garrison. 


88 


POLICE  GUARD. 

504.. In  each  regiment  a  police  guard  is  detailed 
every  day,  consisting  of  two  sergeants,  three  corpo- 
rals, two  drummers,  and  men  enough  to  furnish  the 
required  sentinels  and  patrols.  The  men  are  taken 
from  all  the  companies,  from  each  in  proportion  to  its 
strength.  The  guard  is  commanded  by  a  Lieutenant, 
under  the  supervision  of  a  Captain,  as  regimental  offi- 
cer of  the  day.  It  furnishes  ten  sentinels  at  the  camp ; 
one  over  the  arms  of  the  guard  ;  one  at  the  Colonel's 
tent ;  three  on  the  color  front,  one  of  them  over  the  co- 
lors ;  three,  fifty  paces  in  rear  of  the  field  officers'  tents; 
and  one  on  each  flank,  between  it  and  the  next  regi- 
ment. If  it  is  a  flank  regiment,  one  more  sentinel  is 
posted  on  the  outer  flank. 

505.  .An  advanced  post  is  detached  from  the  police 
guard,  composed  of  a  sergeant,  a  corporal,  a  drum- 
mer, and  nine  men  to  furnish  sentinels  and  the  guard 
over  the  prisoners.  The  men  are  the  first  of  the  guard 
roster  from  each  company.  The  men  of  the  advanced 
post  must  not  leave  it  under  any  pretext.  Their  meals 
are  sent  to  the  post.  The  advanced  post  furnishes 
three  sentinels — two  a  few  paces  in  front  of  the  post, 
opposite  the  right  and  left  wing  of  the  regiment, 
posted  so  as  to  see  as  far  as  possible  to  the  front,  and 
one  over  the  arms. 

506.  .In  the  cavalry,  dismounted  men  are  employed 
in  preference  on  the  police  guard.  The  mounted  men 
on  guard  are  sent  in  succession,  a  part  at  a  time,  to 
groom  their  horses.  The  advanced  post  is  always 
formed  of  mounted  men. 

507.. In  each  company,  a  corporal  has  charge  of 
the  stable-guard.  His  tour  begins  at  retreat,  and  ends 
at  morning  stable-call.  The  stable-guard  is  large 
enough  to  relieve  the  men  on  post  every  two  hours. 
They  sleep  in  their  tents,  and  are  called  by  the  corpo- 
ral when  wanted.     At  retreat,  he  closes  the  streets  of 


89 

the  camp  with  cords,  or  uses  other  precautions  to  pre- 
vent the  escape  of  loose  horses. 

50S..The  officer  of  the  day  is  charged  with  the 
order  and  cleanliness  of  the  camp  ;  a  fatigue  is  fur- 
nished to  him  when  the  number  of  prisoners  is  insuf- 
ficient to  clean  the  camp.  He  has  the  calls  beaten  by 
the  drummer  of  the  guard. 

509.  .The  police  guard  and  the  advanced  post  pay 
the  same  honors  as  other  guards.  They  take  arms 
when  an  armed  body  approaches. 

510.  .The  sentinel  over  the  colors  has  orders  not  to 
permit  them  to  be  moved,  except  in  presence  of  an 
escort ;  to  let  no  one  touch  them  but  the  color-bearei\ 
or  the  Sergeant  of  the  police  guard  when  he  is  accom- 
panied by  two  armed  men. 

511.. The  sentinels  on  the  color  front  permit  no 
soldier  to  take  arms  from  the  stacks,  except  by  order 
of  some  officer,  or  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  the 
guard.  The  sentinel  at  the  Colonel's  tent  has  orders 
to  warn  him,  day  or  night,  of  any  unusual  movement 
in^or  about  the  camp. 

512.. The  sentinels  on  the  front,  flanks,  and  rear, 
see  that  no  soldier  leaves  camp  with  horse  or  arms, 
unless  conducted  by  a  non-commissioned  officer.  They 
prevent  non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers  from 
passing  out  at  night,  except  to  go  to  the  sinks,  and 
mark  if  they  return.  They  arrest,  at  any  time,  suspi- 
cious persons  prowling  about  the  camp,  and  at  night, 
every  one  who  attempts  to  enter,  even  the  soldiers  of 
other  corps.  Arrested  persons  are  sent  to  the  officer 
of  the  guard,  who  sends  them,  if  necessary,  to  the 
officer  of  the  day. 

5 13.. The  sentinels  on  the  front  of  the  advanced 
post  have  orders  to  permit  neither  non-commissioned 
officers  nor  soldiers  to  pass  the  line,  without  reporting 
at  the  advanced  post ;  to  warn  the  advanced  post  of 
the  approach  of  any  armed  body,  and  to  arrest  all  sus- 

Hl 


90 

picious  persons.  The  sergeant  sends  persons  so  ar- 
rested to  the  officer  of  the  guard,  and  warns  him  of 
the  approach  of  any  armed  body. 

514.  .The  sentinel  over  the  arms  at  the  advanced 
post  guards  the  prisoners  and  keeps  sight  of  them,  and 
suffers  no  one  to  converse  with  them  without  permis- 
sion. They  are  only  permitted  to  go  to  the  sinks  one 
at  a  time,  and  under  a  sentinel. 

515.  .If  any  one  is  to  be  passed  out  of  camp  at 
night,  the  officer  of  the  guard  sends  him  under  escort 
to  the  advanced  post,  and  the  sergeant  of  the  post  has 
him  passed  over  the  chain. 

516.  .At  retreat,  the  officer  of  the  guard  has  the 
roll  of  his  guard  called,  and  inspects  arms,  to  see  that 
they  are  loaded  and  in  order  ;  and  visits  the  advanced 
post  for  the  same  purpose.  The  Sergeant  of  the 
police  guard,  accompanied  by  two  armed  soldiers, 
folds  the  colors  and  lays  them  on  the  trestle  in  rear  of 
the  arms.  He  sees  that  the  sutler's  stores  are  then 
closed,  and  the  men  leave  them,  and  that  the  kitchen 
fires  are  put  out  at  the  appointed  hour. 

517.  .The  officer  of  the  day  satisfies  himself  fre- 
quently during  the  night,  of  the  vigilance  of  the  po- 
lice guard,  and  advanced  post  He  prescribes  patrols 
and  rounds  to  be  made  by  the  officer  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  of  the  guard.  The  officer  of  the  guard 
orders  them  when  he  thinks  necessary.  He  visits  the 
sentinels  frequently. 

518.  .At  reveille,  the  police  guard  takes  arms;  the 
officer  ot  the  guard  inspects  it  and  the  advanced 
post.  The  Sergeant  replants  the  colors  in  place.  At 
retreat  and  reveille  the  advanced  post  take  arms ;  the 
Sergeant  makes  his  report  to  the  officer  of  the  guard 
when  he  visits  the  post. 

519.  .When  necessary,  the  camp  is  covered  at  night 
with  small  outposts  forming  a  double  chain  of  senti- 
nels.    These  posts  are   under  the  orders  of  the  com- 


91 

mander  of  the  police  guard,  and  are  visited  by  his  pa- 
trols and  rounds. 

520.  .The  officer  of  the  guard  makes  his  report  of 
his  tour  of  service,  including  the  advanced  post,  and 
sends  it  after  the  guard  is  marched  off,  to  the  officer 
of  the  day. 

521.  .When  the  regiment  marches,  the  men  of  the 
police  guard  return  to  their  companies,  except  those 
of  the  advanced  post.  In  the  cavalry,  at  the  sound 
"  boot  and  saddle,"  the  officer  of  the  guard  sends  one- 
half  the  men  to  saddle  and  pack  ;  when  the  regiment 
assembles,  all  the  men  join  it. 

522.  .When  the  camping  party  precedes  the  regi- 
ment, and  the  new  police  guard  marches  with  the 
camping  party,  the  guard,  on  reaching  the  camp, 
forms  in  line  thirty  paces  in  front  of  the  centre  of  the 
ground  marked  for  the  regiment.  The  officer  of  the 
guard  furnishes  the  sentinels  required  by  the  com- 
mander of  the  camping  party.  The  advanced  post 
takes  its  station. 

523.. The  advanced  post  of  the  old  police  guard 
takes  charge  of  the  prisoners  on  the  march,  and 
marches,  bayonets  fixed,  at  the  centre  of  the  regiment. 
On  reaching  camp,  it  turns  over  the  prisoners  to  the 
new  advanced  post. 

THE    PICKET. 

524.  .The  detail  for  the  picket  is  made  daily,  after 
the  details  for  duty  of  the  first  class,  and  from  the 
next  for  detail  on  the  roster  of  that  class.  It  is  de- 
signed to  furnish  detachments  and  guards  unexpected- 
ly called  for  in  the  twenty-four  hours  ;  it  counts  as  a 
tour  of  the  first  class  to  those  who  have  marched  on 
detachment  or  guard,  or  who  have  passed  the  night  in 
bivouac. 

525 . .  The  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and 
soldiers  of  the  picket  are  at  all  times  dressed  and 
equipped ;  the  horses  are  saddled,  and  knapsacks  and 
valises  ready  to  put  on. 


92 

526.  .Detachments  and  guards  from  the  picket  are 
taken  from  the  head  of  the  picket  roll  in  each  com- 
pany, and,  if  possible,  equally  from  each  company. 
The  picket  of  a  regiment  is  composed  of  a  Lieutenant, 
two  Sergeants,  four  Corporals,  a  drummer,  and  about 
forty  privates.  For  a  smaller  force,  the  picket  is  in 
proportion  to  the  strength  of  the  detachment. 

527.  .Officers  and  men  of  the  picket,  who  march  on 
detachment  or  guard  before  retreat,  will  be   replaced. 

528.  .The  picket  is  assembled  by  the  Adjutant  at 
guard-mounting  ;  it  is  posted  twelve  paces  in  rear  of 
the  guard,  and  is  inspected  by  its  own  commander. 
When  the  guard  has  marched  in  review,  the  command- 
ant of  the  picket  marches  it  to  the  left  of  the  police 
guard,  where  it  stacks  its  arms,  and  is  dismissed ; 
the  arms  are  under  charge  of  the  sentinel  of  the  po- 
lice guard. 

529.  .The  picket  is  only  assembled  by  the  orders 
of  the  colonel  or  officer  of  the  day.  It  forms  on  the 
left  of  the  police  guard. 

530.  .The  officer  of  the  day  requires  the  roll  of  the 
picket  to  be  called  frequently  during  the  day  ;  the 
call  is  sounded  from  the  police  guard.  At  roll-calls 
and  inspections,  infantry  pickets  assemble  with  knap- 
sacks on,  cavalry  on  foot.  The  picket  is  assembled  at 
retreat ;  the  officer  has  the  roll  called,  and  inspects 
the  arms.  The  picket  sleep  in  their  tents,  but  without 
undressing. 

531.  .The  picket  does  not  assemble  at  night  except 
in  cases  of  alarm,  or  when  the  whole  or  a  part  is  to 
march  ;  then  the  officer  of  the  day  calls  the  officers, 
the  latter  the  non-commissioned  officers,  and  these  the 
men,  for  which  purpose  each  ascertains  the  tents  of 
those  he  is  to  call ;  they  are  assembled  without  beat 
of  drum  or  other  noise.  At  night,  cavalry  pickets 
assemble  mounted. 

532.  .Pickets  rejoin  their  companies  whenever  the 


93 

regiment  is   under  arms  for  review,  drill,  march,  or 
battle. 

GRAND  GUARDS  AND  OTHER  OUTPOSTS. 

533 . .  Grand  guards  are  the  advanced  posts  of  a 
camp  or  cantonment,  and  should  cover  the  approaches 
to  it.  Their  number,  strength,  and  position,  are  regu- 
lated by  the  commanders  of  brigades  ;  in  detached 
corps,  by  the  commanding  officer.  When  it  can  be, 
the  grand  guards  of  cavalry  and  infantry  are  combined, 
the  cavalry  furnishing  the  advanced  sentinels.  When 
the  cavalry  is  weak,  the  grand  guards  are  infantry,  but 
furnished  with  a  few  cavalry  soldiers,  to  get  and  carry 
intelligence  of  the  enemy. 

534.  .The  strength  of  the  grand  guard  of  a  brigade 
will  depend  on  its  object  and  the  strength  of  the  regi- 
ments, the  nature  of  the  country,  the  position  of  the 
enemy,  and  the  disposition  of  the  inhabitants.  It  is 
usually  commanded  by  a  Captain. 

535.  .Under  the  supervision  of  the  Generals  of  Di- 
vision and  Brigade,  the  grand  guards  are  specially 
under  the  direction  of  a  field  officer  of  the  day  in  each 
brigade.  In  case  of  necessity,  Captains  may  be  added 
to  the  roster  of  Lieutenant-Colonels  and  Majors  for 
this  detail. 

536 . .  Staff  officers  sent  from  division  head-quarters 
to  inspect  the  posts  of  grand  guards,  give  them  orders 
only  in  urgent  cases,  and  in  the  absence  of  the  field 
officer  of  the  day  of  the  brigade. 

537.  .Grand  guards  usually  mount  at  the  same  time 
as  the  other  guards,  but  may  mount  before  daybreak 
if  the  General  of  Brigade  thinks  it  necessary  to  double 
the  outposts  at  that  time.  In  this  case  they  assemble 
and  march  without  noise,  and  during  their  march 
throw  out  scouts ;  this  precaution  should  always  be 
taken  in  the  first  posting  of  a  grand  guard.  The 
doubling  of  guards  weakens  the  corps  and  fatigues 
the  men,  and  should  seldom  be  resorted  to,  and  never 
when  preparing  to  march  or  fight. 


94 

538.  .A  grand  guard  is  conducted  to  his  post  in  the 
first  instance,  by  the  field  officer  of  the  day,  guided  by 
a  staff  officer  who  accompanied  the  General  in  his 
reconnoissance.  After  the  post  has  been  established, 
the  commander  sends  to  the  field  officer  of  the  day, 
when  necessary,  a  soldier  of  the  guard  to  guide  the 
relieving  guard  to  the  post.  He  also  sends  to  him  in 
the  evening  a  corporal  or  trusty  man  of  the  guard  for 
the  note  containing  the  parole  and  countersign,  and 
sends  them  before  dark  to  the  detached  posts.  He 
will  not  suffer  his  guard  to  be  relieved  except  by  a 
guard  of  the  brigade,  or  by  special  orders. 

539.  .If  there  is  no  pass  to  be  observed  or  defend- 
ed, the  grand  guards  are  placed  near  the  centre  of 
the  ground  they  are  to  observe,  on  sheltered,  and,  if 
possible,  high  ground,  the  better  to  conceal  their 
strength  and  to  observe  the  enemy  ;  they  ought  not 
to  be  placed  near  the  edge  of  a  wood.  When,  during 
the  day,  they  are  placed  very  near  or  in  sight  of  the 
enemy,  they  fall  back  at  night  on  posts  selected  farther 
to  the  rear. 

540.  .In  broken  or  mountainous  countries,  and  par- 
ticularly if  the  inhabitants  are  ill-disposed,  intermedi- 
ate posts  must  be  established  when  it  is  necessary  to 
post  the  grand  guard  distant  from  the  camp. 

541 . .  Grand  guards  are  chiefly  to  watch  the  enemy 
in  front ;  their  flanks  are  protected  by  each  other,  and 
the  camp  must  furnish  posts  to  protect  their  rear  and 
secure  their  retreat. 

542.. Grand  guards  are  seldom  intrenched,  and 
never  without  the  orders  of  the  General,  except  by  a 
barricade  or  ditch  when  exposed  in  a  plain  to  the  at- 
tacks of  cavalry. 

543.  .The  General  of  Division,  if  he  thinks  proper, 
changes  the  stations  and  orders  of  these  guards,  and 
establishes  posts  to  connect  the  brigades  or  protect  the 
exterior  flanks. 


95 

544.  .After  a  grand  guard  is  posted,  the  first  care 
of  the  commander  and  of  the  field  officer  of  the  day 
is  to  get  news  of  the  enemy ;  then  to  reconnoitre  his 
position,  and  the  roads,  bridges,  fords  and  defiles.  This 
reconnoissance  determines  the  force  and  position  of 
the  small  posts  and  their  sentinels  day  and  night. 
These  posts,  according  to  their  importance,  are  com- 
manded by  officers  or  non-commissioned  officers ;  the 
cavalry  posts  may  be  relieved  every  four  or  eight 
hours. 

545 . .  The  commander  of  a  grand  guard  receives 
detailed  instructions  from  the  General  and  field  officer 
of  the  day  of  the  brigade,  and  instructs  the  command- 
ers of  the  small  posts  as  to  their  duties  and  the  ar- 
rangements for  defense  or  retreat.  The  commanders 
of  grand  guards  may,  in  urgent  cases,  change  the  po- 
sitions of  the  small  posts.  If  the  small  posts  are  to 
change  their  positions  at  night,  they  wait  until  the 
grand  guard  have  got  into  position  and  darkness  hides 
their  movements  from  the  enemy  ;  then  march  silently 
and  rapidly  under  the  charge  of  an  officer. 

546.  .In  detached  corps,  small  posts  of  picked  men 
are  at  night  sent  forward  on  the  roads  by  which  the 
enemy  may  attack  or  turn  the  position.  They  watch 
the  forks  of  the  roads,  keep  silence,  conceal  them- 
selves, light  no  fires,  and  often  change  place.  They 
announce  the  approach  of  the  enemy  by  signals 
agreed  upon,  and  retreat,  by  routes  examined  during 
the  day,  to  places  selected,  and  rejoin  the  guard  at 
daybreak. 

547.. Grand  guards  have  special  orders  in  each 
case,  and  the  following  in  all  cases:  to  inform  the 
nearest  posts  and  the  field  officer  of  the  day,  or  the 
General  of  Brigade,  of  the  march  and  movements  of 
the  enemy,  and  of  the  attacks  they  receive  or  fear  ;  to 
examine  every  person  •  passing  near  the  post,  par- 
ticularly those  coming  from  without ;   to  arrest  sus- 


96 

picious  persons,  and  all  soldiers  and  camp-followers 
who  try  to  pass  out  without  permission,  and  to  send 
to  the  General,  unless  otherwise  directed,  all  country- 
people  who  come  in. 

548.  .All  out-guards  stand  to  arms  at  night  on  the 
approach  of  patrols,  rounds,  or  other  parties  ;  the  sen- 
tinel over  the  arms  has  orders  to  call  them  out. 

549 . .  Advanced  posts  will  not  take  arms  for  inspec- 
tion or  ceremony,  when  it  would  expose  them  to  the 
view  of  the  enemy. 

550.  .Grand  guards  are  often  charged  with  the  care 
and  working  of  telegraphic  signals. 

551.. The  sentinels  and  vedettes  are  placed  on 
points  from  which  they  can  see  farthest,  taking  care 
not  to  break  their  connection  with  each  other  or 
with  their  posts.  They  are  concealed  from  the 
enemy  as  much  as  possible,  by  walls,  or  trees,  or 
elevated  ground.  It  is  generally  even  of  more 
advantage  not  to  be  seen  than  to  see  far.  They 
should  not  be  placed  near  covers,  where  the  enemy 
may  capture  them. 

552.  .A  sentinel  should  always  be  ready  to  fire;  ve- 
dettes carry  their  pistols  or  carbines  in  their  hands. 
A  sentinel  must  be  sure  of  the  presence  of  an  enemy 
before  he  fires ;  once  satisfied  of  that,  he  must  fire, 
though  all  defense  on  his  part  be  useless,  as  the  safety 
of  the  post  may  depend  on  it.  Sentinels  fire  on  all 
persons  deserting  to  the  enemy. 

553.. If  the  post  must  be  where  a  sentinel  on  it 
cannot  communicate  with  the  guard,  a  Corporal  and 
three  men  are  detached  for  it.  or  the  sentinels  are 
doubled,  that  one  may  communicate  with  the  guard* 
During  the  day  the  communication  may  be  made  by 
signals,  such  as  raising  a  cap  or  handkerchief.  At 
night,  sentinels  are  placed  on  low  ground,  the  better 
to  see  objects  against  the  sky. 

554.. To  lessen    the  duty   of   rounds,    and   keep 


97 

more  men  on  the  alert  at  night,  sentinels  are  re- 
lieved every  hour.  To  prevent  sentinels  from  being 
surprised,  it  is  sometimes  well  to  precede  the  coun- 
tersign by  signals,  such  as  striking  the  musket  with 
the  hand,  striking  the  hands  together,  &c. 

555 . .  On  the  approach  of  any  one  at  night,  the 
sentinel  orders — "  Halt !  "  If  the  order  is  not  obeyed 
after  once  repeated,  he  fires.  If  obeyed,  he  calls — 
"Who  goes  there  V  If  answered  —  "  Rounds"  or 
"  Patrol"  he  says — "  Advance,  with  the  countersign^ 
If  more  than  one  advance  at  the  same  time,  or  the 
person  who  advances  fails  to  give  the  countersign  or 
signal  agreed  on,  the  sentinel  fires,  and  falls  back  on 
his  guard.  The  sentinel  over  the  arms,  as  soon  as  his 
hail  is  answered,  turns  out  the  guard,  and  the  Corpo- 
ral goes  to  reconnoitre.  When  it  is  desirable  to  hide 
the  position  of  the  sentinel  from  the  enemy,  the  hail 
is  replaced  by  signals  ;  the  sentinel  gives  the  signal, 
and  those  approaching  the  counter  signal. 

556.  .With  raw  troops,  or  when  the  light  troops  of 
the  enemy  are  numerous  or  active,  and  when  the 
country  is  broken  or  wooded,  the  night  stormy  or 
dark,  sentinels  should  be  doubled.  In  this  case,  while 
one  watches,  the  other  called  a  flying  sentinel,  moves 
about,  examining  the  paths  and  hollows. 

557.  .The  commandants  of  grand  guards  visit  the 
sentinels  often ;  change  their  positions  when  neces- 
sary ;  make  them  repeat  their  orders ;  teach  them 
under  what  circumstances  and  at  what  signals  to 
retire,  and  particularly  not  to  fall  back  directly  on 
their  guard  if  pursued,  but  to  lead  the  enemy  in  a 
circuit. 

558.  .At  night,  half  the  men  of  the  grand  guard  oft' 
post  watch  under  arms,  while  the  rest  lie  down,  arms 
by  their  side.  The  horses  are  always  bridled ;  the 
horsemen  hold  the  reins,  and  must  not  sleep. 

559.. When  a  grand  guard  of  cavalry  is  so  placed 

i 


98 

as  not  to  be  liable  to  a  sudden  attack  from  the  enemy, 
the  General  may  permit  the  horses  to  be  fed  during 
the  night,  unbridling  for  this  purpose  a  few  at  a 
time — -the  horsemen  being  vigilant  to  prevent  them 
from  escaping. 

560.  .An  hour  before  break  of  day,  infantry  grand 
guards  stand  to  arms,  and  cavalry  mount.  At  the 
advanced  posts,  some  of  the  infantry  are  all  night 
under  arms,  some  of  the  cavalry  on  horseback. 

561.  .The  commander  of  a  grand  guard  regulates 
the  numbers,  the  hours,  and  the  march  of  patrols  and 
rounds,  according  to  the  strength  of  his  troop  and 
the  necessity  for  precaution ;  and,  accompanied  by 
those  who  are  to  command  the  patrols  and  rounds 
during  the  night,  he  will  reconnoitre  all  the  routes 
they  are  to  follow. 

562.  .Patrols  and  rounds  march  slowly,  in  silence, 
and  with  great  precaution  ;  halt  frequently  to  listen 
and  examine  the  ground.  The  rounds  consist  of  an 
officer  or  non-commissioned  officer  and  two  or  three 
men. 

563.. Toward  break  of  day  the  patrols  ought  to 
be  more  frequent,  and  sent  to  greater  distances.  They 
examine  the  hollow-ways,  and  ground  likely  to  con- 
ceal an  enemy,  but  with  great  caution,  to  avoid  being 
cut  off,  or  engaged  in  an  unequal  combat;  if  they 
meet  the  enemy,  they  fire  and  attempt  to  stop  his 
march.  While  the  patrols  are  out,  the  posts  are 
under  arms. 

564.. Cavalry  patrols  should  examine  the  country 
to  a  greater  distance  than  infantry,  and  report  to  the 
infantry  guard  every  thing  they  observe.  The  morn- 
ing patrols  and  scouts  do  not  return  until  broad  day- 
light; and  when  they  return,  the  night  sentinels  are 
withdrawn,  and  the  posts  for  the  day  resumed. 

565.  .When  patrols  are  sent  beyond  advanced  posts, 
the  posts  and  sentinels  should  be  warned. 


99 

566 ..On  their  return,  commanders  of  patrols  re- 
port in  regard  to  the  ground  and  every  thing  they 
have  observed  of  the  movements  of  the  enemv,  or  of 
his  posts,  and  the  commandant  of  the  grand  guard  re- 
ports to  the  field  officer  of  the  da}'. 

567.. The  fires  of  grand  guards  should  be  hidden 
by  a  wall,  or  ditch,  or  other  screen.  To  deceive  the 
enemy,  fires  are  sometimes  made  on  ground  not  occu- 
pied. Fires  are  not  permitted  at  small  posts  liable  to 
surprise. 

568.  .The  horses  of  cavalry  guards  are  watered  or 
fed  by  detachments ;  during  which  the  rest  are  ready 
to  mount. 

569.  .If  a  body  of  troops  attempt  to  enter  the  camp 
at  night,  unless  their  arrival  has  been  announced,  or 
the  commander  is  known  to,  or  is  the  bearer  of  a 
written  order  to  the  commander  of  the  grand  guard, 
he  stops  them,  and  sends  the  commander  under  es- 
cort to  the  field  officer  of  the  day,  and  warns  the  posts 
near  him. 

570.  .Bearers  of  flags  are  not  permitted  to  pass  the 
outer  chain  of  sentinels ;  their  faces  are  turned  from 
the  post  or  army ;  if  necessary  their  eyes  are  bandaged ; 
a  non-commissioned  officer  stays  with  them  to  prevent 
indiscretion  cf  the  sentinels. 

57  L . .  The  commandant  of  the  grand  guard  receipts 
for  dispatches,  and  sends  them  to  the  field  officer  of 
the  day,  or  General  of  Brigade,  and  dismisses  the 
bearer ;  but  if  he  has  discovered  what  ought  to 
be  concealed  from  the  enemy,  he  is  detained  as  long 
as  necessary. 

572 . .  Deserters  are  disarmed  at  the  advanced  posts, 
and  sent  to  the  commander  of  the  grand  guard,  who 
gets  from  them  all  the  information  he  can  concerning 
his  post.  If  many  come  at  night,  they  are  received 
cautiously,  a  few  at  a  time.  They  are  sent  in  the  morn- 
ing to  the  field  officer  of  the  day,  or  to  the  nearest 


100 

post  or  camp,  to  be  conducted  to  the  General  of  the 
brigade.  All  suspected  persons  are  searched  by  the 
commanders  of  the  posts. 

573.. When  an  enemy  advances  to  attack,  unless 
he  is  in  too  great  force,  or  the  grand  guard  is  to  de- 
fend an  intrenched  post  or  a  defile,  it  will  take  the 
positions  and  execute  the  movements  to  check  the 
enemy,  acting  as  skirmishers,  or  fighting  in  close  or 
open  order,  as  may  be  best.  The  guard  joins  its  corps 
when  in  line,  or  when  a  sufficient  number  of  troops- 
have  reached  the  ground  it  defends. 

INTRENCHED   POSTS. 

574.  .Unless  the  army  be  acting  on  the  defensiver 
no  post  should  be  intrenched  except  to  cover  the 
weak  parts  of  the  line,  or  at  points  which  the  enemy 
cannot  avoid,  or  in  mountain  warfare,  or  to  close  a 
defile,  or  to  cover  winter  quarters. 

575.. Posts  connected  with  the  operations  of  an 
army  are  intrenched  only  by  order  of  the  General 
commanding-in-chief  or  a  General  of  Division. 

576. .  Any  intrenchment  that  requires  artillery  is 
considered  as  a  post,  and  a  guard  or  garrison  and  com- 
mander are  assigned  to  it. 

577.. The  General  who  establishes  an  intrenched 
post  gives  to  its  commander  detailed  instructions 
in  regard  to  its  defense,  and  the  circumstances  under 
which  the  defense  should  cease. 

578..  The  commander  reconnoitres  his  post ;  dis- 
tributes the  troops ;  posts  the  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  ;  forms  a  reserve  ;  gives  orders  for 
all  contingencies  he  can  foresee  ;  supposes  an  attack, 
and  arranges  his  troops  for  defense,  so  as  to  prepare 
them  for  attack,  day  or  night. 

579.  .In  dark  weather  he  redoubles  his  vigilance, 
and  changes  the  hours  and  direction  of  the  rounds  and 
patrols.  He  permits  no  flags  of  truce,  deserters,  or 
strangers  to  enter.     If  a  flag  ought  to  pass  his  post,  he 


101 

bandages  his  eyes.  He  refuses  admittance  to  a  relief 
or  any  other  party  until  he  has  carefully  examined 
them.  In  case  of  an  attack,  he  does  not  wait  for 
orders  or  hold  a  council.  Having  defended  his  post 
to  the  last  extremity,  or  till  the  purpose  of  the  de- 
fense, according  to  his  instructions,  is  answered,  he 
may  then  spike  his  guns  and  rejoin  the  army  under 
cover  of  night,  or  by  cutting  his  way  through  the 
enemy. 

DETACHMENTS. 

5S0.  .When  a  detachment  is  to  be  formed  from  the 
different  regiments  of  a  brigade,  the  Assistant  Adju- 
tant-General of  the  brigade  assembles  it,  and  turns  it 
over  to  the  commander. 

581.  .When  a  detachment  is  to  be  formed  from  dif- 
ferent brigades,  the  Assistant  Adjutant-General  in  each 
forms  the  contingent  of  the  brigade,  and  sends  it  to 
the  place  of  assembling. 

582.  .Detachments  are  generally  formed  by  taking 
battalions,  squadrons,  companies,  platoons,  in  turn, 
according  to  the  roster  for  such  detail. 

583.  .When  the  detachment  is  to  consist  of  men 
from  every  company  or  troop,  the  first  on  the  roster 
for  guard  are  taken. 

584.  .Officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  sol- 
diers, whose  tour  it  is  to  go  on  detachment,  if  em- 
ployed otherwise  at  the  time,  are  relieved  from  the 
duty  they  are  on,  if  they  can  reach  the  camp  in  time 
to  march  with  the  detachment. 

585.. When  detachments  meet,  the  command  is 
regulated  while  they  serve  together  as  if  they  formed 
one  detachment.  But  the  senior  officer  cannot  pre- 
vent the  commander  of  any  detachment  from  moving, 
when  he  thinks  proper,  to  execute  the  orders  he  has 
received. 

586 . .  On   the   return   of  a   detachment,  the  com- 

il 


102 

mander  reports  to  the  head-quarters   from  which  he 
received  his  orders. 

RECONNOISSANCES. 

587.. Near  an  enemy,  daily  reconnoissances  are 
made  to  observe  the  ground  in  front,  and  to  discover 
whether  the  advanced  guards  of  the  enemy  have  been 
increased  or  put  in  motion,  or  any  other  sign  of  his 
preparation  for  march  or  action. 

5S8.. They  are  made  by  small  parties  of  cavalry 
and  infantry,  from  the  brigade,  under  direction  of 
the  General  of  Division  or  the  General  of  a  separate 
brigade,  and  to  less  distance  by  the  patrols  of  the 
grand  guard,  and  are  not  repeated  at  the  same  hour 
or  by  the  same  route.  On  the  plain,  reconnoissances 
are  made  by  cavalry ;  among  mountains,  by  infantry, 
with  a  few  horsemen  to  carry  intelligence. 

589. .  Reconnoitering  parties  observe  the  following 
precautions  :  to  leave  small  posts,  or  sentinels  at  in- 
tervals, to  transmit  intelligence  to  the  advanced  posts 
of  the  army,  unless  the  return  is  to  be  by  a  different 
route  ;  to  march  with  caution,  to  avoid  fighting  ;  and 
see,  if  possible,  without  being  seen ;  to  keep  an  ad- 
vanced guard ;  to  send  well-mounted  men  ahead  of 
the  advanced  guard,  and  on  the  flank  of  the  party  ; 
to  instruct  the  scouts  that  no  two  should  enter  a  defile 
or  mount  a  hill  together,  but  to  go  one  at  a  time, 
while  one  watches  to  carry  the  news  if  the  other  is 
taken. 

5 90.. Before  daybreak  the  advanced  guard  and 
scouts  are  drawn  closer  ;  the  party  then  march  slowly 
and  silently,  stop  frequently  to  listen,  and  keep  the 
horses  that  neigh  in  the  rear.  The  party  should  enter 
no  wood,  defile,  village,  or  inclosure,  until  it  has  been 
fully  examined  by  the  scouts. 

591.. Special  reconnoissances  are  made  under  the 
instruction  of  the  General  in  command,  by  such  offi- 
cers and  with  such  force  as  he  may  direct. 


• 


103 

592.  .Offensive  or  forced  reconnoissances  are  to  as- 
certain with  certainty,  points  in  the  enemy's  position, 
or  his  strength.  They  are  sometimes  preludes  to  real 
actions,  and  sometimes  only  demonstrations.  They 
drive  in  his  outposts,  and  sometimes  engage  special 
corps  of  his  line.  They  are  only  made  by  order  of  the 
General  commanding-in-chief,  or  the  commander  of 
an  isolated  corps. 

593.  .In  all  reports  of  reconnoissances,  the  officer 
making  them  shall  distinguish  expressly  what  he  has 
seen  from  the  accounts  he  has  not  been  able  to  verify 
personally. 

594.  .In  special  and  offensive  reconnoissances,  the 
report  must  be  accompanied  by  a  field-sketch  of  the 
localities,  the  dispositions  and  defenses  of  the  enemy. 

PARTISANS   AND    FLANKERS. 

595.  .The  operations  of  partisan  corps  depend  on 
the  nature  and  theatre  of  the  war  ;  they  enter  into 
the  general  plan  of  operations,  and  are  conducted 
under  the  orders  of  the  general  commanding-in-chief. 

596.. The  composition  and  strength  of  partisan 
corps'and  detachments  of  flankers  depend  on  the  object, 
the  difficulties,  the  distance,  and  the  probable  time  of 
the  expedition. 

597.  .The  purpose  of  these  isolated  corps  is  to  re- 
connoitre at  a  distance  on  the  flanks  of  the  army,  to 
protect  its  operations,  to  deceive  the  enemy,  to  inter- 
rupt his  communications,  to  intercept  his  couriers  and 
his  correspondence,  to  threaten  or  destroy  his  maga- 
zines, to  carry  off*  his  posts  and  his  convoys,  or,  at  all 
events,  to  retard  his  march  by  making  him  detach 
largely  for  their  protection. 

598.  .While  these  corps  fatigue  the  enemy  and  em- 
barrass his  operations,  they  endeavor  to  inspire  confi- 
dence and  secure  the  good  will  of  the  inhabitants  in  a 
friendly  country,  and  to  hold  them  in  check  in  an 
enemy's  country. 


104 

599.  .They  move  actively,  appear  unexpectedly  on 
different  points,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  it  im- 
possible to  estimate  their  force,  or  to  tell  whether 
they  are  irregular  forces  or  an  advanced  guard. 

600.. These  operations  require  vigilance,  secrecy, 
energy,  and  promptness.  The  partisan  commander 
must  frequently  supply  by  stratagem  and  audacity 
what  he  wants  in  numbers. 

601.. These  detachments  are  sometimes  composed 
of  different  arms,  but  the  service  belongs  more  par- 
ticularly to  the  light  cavalry,  which  can  move  to  a 
distance  by  rapid  marches,  surprise  the  enemy,  attack 
unexpectedly,  and  retire  as  promptly. 

602.  .Stormy  weather,  fogs,  extreme  heat,  and  the 
night  above  all,  are  favorable  to  the  success  of  ambus- 
cades ;  when  the  enemy  are  careless,  the  break  of  day 
is  the  best  time.  A  partisan  commander  should  com- 
municate to  his  second  in  command  his  secret  orders, 
the  direction  and  object  of  the  expedition,  and  the 
different  points  of  junction  with  the  army. 

603.  .Guides  of  the  country  and  spies  are  often  ne- 
cessary to  the  partisan.  They  are  examined  sepa- 
rately, and  confronted  if  their  accounts  differ.  When 
there  is  but  one  guide,  he  marches  with  the  advanced 
guard,  guarded  by  two  men,  and  bound  if  necessary. 
Peddlers  and  smugglers  are  specially  suitable  for  spies. 

604.  .A  fit  time  to  attack  a  convoy  is  at  a  halt,  or 
when  they  begin  to  park,  or  when  they  are  watering, 
or  passing  a  wood  or  a  defile ;  at  a  bend  of  the  road, 
a  bridge,  or  steep  ascent. 

605.  .The  attacking  party  may  be  principally  cav- 
alry, with  some  infantry.  The  first  object  is  to  dis- 
perse the  escort.  A  part  of  the  detachment  attacks 
the  main  body  of  the  escort,  another  the  wagons,  and 
a  third  is  in  reserve  ;  skirmishers  line  the  road,  and 
try  to  cut  the  traces,  and  to  seize  the  front  and  rear 
wagons,  and  turn  them  across  the  road,  to  prevent  the 
train  from  advancing  or  retreating. 


105 

606 . .  If  the  convoy  is  parked,  the  cavalry  surrounds 
it,  assails  the  escort,  and  tries  to  draw  it  away  from 
the  train.  The  infantry  then  engage  the  troops  re- 
maining at  the  park,  slip  under  the  wagons,  and  get 
into  the  park.  When  the  cavalry  is  alone  and  the 
enemy  are  shaken,  they  dismount  a  portion  of  the 
men  to  supply  the  want  of  infantry. 

607.  .If  it  is  a  large  convoy,  the  principal  attack  is 
made  on  the  centre  ;  the  most  valuable  wagons  are 
also  selected,  and  additional  horses  are  put  to  them  if 
the  attack  is  successful.  Those  that  cannot  be  carried 
off  are  burned. 

MARCHES. 

608.  .The  object  of  the  movement  and  the  nature 
of  the  ground  determine  the  order  of  march,  the  kind 
of  troops  in  each  column,  and  the  number  of  columns. 

609.  .The  force  is  divided  into  as  many  columns  as 
circumstances  permit,  without  weakening  any  one  too 
much.  They  ought  to  preserve  their  communications, 
and  be  within  supporting  distance  of  each  other.  The 
commander  of  each  column  ought  to  know  the  strength 
and  direction  of  the  others. 

610.  .The  advance  and  rear  guards  are  usually  light 
troops  ;  their  strength  and  composition  depend  on  the 
nature  of  the  ground  and  the  position  of  the  enemy. 
They  serve  to  cover  the  movements  of  the  army,  and 
to  hold  the  enemy  in  check  until  the  General  has  time 
to  make  his  arrangements. 

611.  .The  advance  guard  is  not  always  at  the  head 
of  the  column  ;  in  a  march  to  a  flank,  it  takes  such 
positions  as  cover  the  movement.  Sappers  are  at- 
tached to  the  advanced  guard  if  required. 

612.  .The  "  general"  sounded  one  hour  before  the 
time  of  marching,  is  the  signal  to  strike  tents,  to  load 
the  wagons,  and  pack  horses,  and  send  them  to  the 
place  of  assembling.  The  fires  are  then  put  out,  and 
care  taken  to  avoid  burning  straw,  &c,  or  giving  to 
the  enemy  any  other  indication  of  the  movement* 


106 

613.. The  "march,"  will  be  beat  in  the  infantry, 
and  the  "  advance  "  sounded  in  the  cavalry,  in  suc- 
cession, as  each  is  to  take  its  place  in  the  column. 

6 14.. When  the  army  should  form  suddenly  to 
meet  the  enemy,  the  "  long  roll "  is  beat,  and  "  to 
horse  "  sounded.  The  troops  form  rapidly  in  front  of 
their  camp. 

615.  .Batteries  of  artillery  and  their  caissons  move 
with  the  corps  to  which  they  are  attached  ;  the  field 
train  and  ambulances  march  at  the  rear  of  the  column; 
and  the  baggage  with  the  rear  guard. 

616.  .Cavalry  and  infantry  do  not  march  together, 
unless  the  proximity  of  the  eremy  makes  it  necessary. 

617.. In  cavalry  marches,  when  distant  from  the 
enemy,  each  regiment,  and,  if  possible,  each  squad- 
ron, forms  a  separate  column,  in  order  to  keep  up  the 
same  gait  from  front  to  rear,  and  to  trot,  when  desira- 
ble, on  good  ground.  In  such  cases,  the  cavalry  may 
leave  camp  later,  and  can  give  more  rest  to  the  horses, 
and  more  attention  to  the  shoeing  and  harness.  Horses 
are  not  bridled  until  the  time  to  start. 

618.. When  necessary,  the  orders  specify  the  ra- 
tions the  men  are  to  carry  in  their  haversacks.  The 
field  officers  and  Captains  make  inspections  fre- 
quently during  the  march  ;  at  halts  they  examine  the 
knapsacks,  valises  and  haversacks,  and  throw  away  all 
articles  not  authorized.  The  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  of  cavalry  companies  attend  personally 
to  the  packs  and  girths. 

619.. When  it  can  be  avoided,  troops  should  not 
be  assembled  on  high  roads  or  other  places  where 
they  interrupt  the  communication. 

620.  .Generals  of  Division  and  commanders  of  de- 
tached corps  send  a  staff  officer  to  the  rendezvous,  in 
advance,  to  receive  the  troops,  who,  on  arriving, 
take  their  place  in  the  order  of  battle,  and  form  in 
close   column,   unless   otherwise   ordered.     Artillery 


107 

or  trains  halted  on  the   roads,   form  in  file  on  one 
side. 

621.  .The  execution  of  marching  orders  must  not 
be  delayed.  If  the  commander  is  not  at  the  head  of 
his  troops  when  they  are  to  march,  the  next  in  rank 
puts  the  column  in  motion. 

622.  .If  possible,  each  column  is  preceded  by  a 
detachment  of  sappers,  to  remove  obstacles  to  the 
march,  aided  when  necessary,  by  infantry,  or  the  peo- 
ple of  the  country.  The  detachment  is  divided  into 
two  sections  :  one  stops  to  remove  the  first  obstacle, 
the  other  moves  on  to  the  next. 

623.  .In  night  marches,  and  at  bad  places,  and  at 
cross-roads,  when  necessary,  intelligent  non-commis- 
sioned officers  are  posted  to  show  the  way,  and  are 
relieved  by  the  regiments  as  they  come  up. 

624.  .On  the  march,  no  one  shall  fire  a  gun,  or  cry 
"  halt"  or  "  march"  without  orders. 

625.  .Soldiers  are  not  to  stop  for  water;  the  can- 
teens should  be  filled  before  starting. 

626.  .It  is  better  to  avoid  villages  ;  but  if  the  route 
lies  through  them,  officers  and  non-commissioned  of- 
ficers are  to  be  vigilant  to  prevent  straggling.  Halts 
should  not  take  place  at  villages. 

627.  .Besides  the  rear  guard,  the  General  some- 
times takes  a  detachment  from  the  last  regiment,  and 
adds  to  it  non-commissioned  officers  from  each  regi- 
ment, to  examine  villages  and  all  hiding  places  on  the 
route,  to  bring  up  stragglers  and  seize  marauders. 

628.. In  night  marches,  the  Sergeant-Major  of 
each  regiment  remains  at  the  rear  with  a  drummer, 
to  give  notice  when  darkness  or  difficulty  stops  the 
march.  In  cavalry,  a  trumpet  is  placed  in  rear  of 
each  squadron,  and  the  signal  repeated  to  the  head  of 
the  regiment. 

629 .  .The  General  and  field  officers  frequently  stop, 
or  send  officers  to  the  rear,  to  see  that  the  troops 


108 

march  in  the  prescribed  order,  and  keep  their  dis- 
tances. To  quicken  the  march,  the  General  warns 
the  Colonels,  and  may  order  a  signal  to  be  beat.  It  is 
repeated  in  all  the  regiments. 

630.. In  approaching  a  defile,  the  Colonels  are 
warned ;  they  close  their  regiments  as  they  come  up; 
each  regiment  passes  separately  at  an  accelerated 
pace,  and  in  as  close  order  as  possible.  The  leading 
regiment  having  passed,  and  left  room  enough  for 
the  whole  column  in  close  order,  then  halts  and 
moves  again  as  soon  as  the  last  regiment  is  through. 
In  the  cavalry,  each  squadron,  before  quickening  the 
pace  to  rejoin  the  column,  takes  its  original  order  of 
march. 

631.  .When  the  distance  from  the  enemy  permits, 
each  regiment  after  closing  up  in  front  and  rear  of  the 
defile,  stacks  arms. 

632.  .Halts  to  rest  and  re-form  the  troops  are  fre- 
quent during  the  day,  depending  on  the  object  and 
length  of  the  march.  They  are  made  in  preference 
after  the  passage  of  defiles. 

633.  .No  honors  are  paid  by  troops  on  the  march  or 
at  halts. 

634.  .The  sick  march  with  the  wagons. 

635.  .Led  horses  of  officers,  and  the  horses  of  dis- 
mounted men,  follow  their  regiment.  The  baggage 
wagons  never  march  in  the  column.  When  the 
General  orders  the  field  train  and  ambulances  to  take 
place  in  the  column,  he  designates  the  position  they 
shall  take. 

636.. If  two  corps  meet  on  the  same  road,  they 
pass  to  the  right,  and  both  continue  their  march,  if 
the  road  is  wide  enough  ;  if  it  is  not,  the  first  in  the 
order  of  battle  takes  the  road,  the  other  halts. 

637 . .  A  corps  in  march  must  not  be  cut  by  ano- 
ther. If  the  two  corps  meet  at  cross-roads,  that 
which  arrives  last  halts  if  the  other  is  in  motion.     A 


109 

•corps  in  march  passes  a  corps  at  a  halt,  if  it  has  pre- 
cedence in  the  order  of  battle,  or  if  the  halted  corps  is 
not  ready  to  move  at  once. 

638.. A  column  that  halts  to  let  another  column 
pass,  resumes  the  march  in  advance  of  the  train  of 
this  column.  If  a  column  has  to  pass  a  train,  the 
train  must  halt  if  necessary,  till  the  column  passes. 
The  column  which  has  precedence  must  yield  it  if 
the  commander,  on  seeing  the  orders  of  the  other, 
finds  it  for  the  interest  of  the  service. 

BATTLES. 

639.. Dispositions  for  battle  depend  on  the  num- 
ber, kind,  and  quality  of  the  troops  opposed,  on  the 
ground,' and  on  the  objects  of  the  war;  but  the  fol- 
lowing rules  are  to  be  observed,  generally : 

640.. In  attacking,  the  advanced  guard  endeavors 
to  capture  the  enemy's  outposts,  or  cut  them  off  from 
the  main  body.  Having  done  so,  or  driven  them  in, 
it  occupies,  in  advancing,  all  the  points  that  can  cover 
or  facilitate  the  march  of  the  army,  or  secure  its  re- 
treat, such  as  bridges,  defiles,  woods,  and  heights  ;  it 
then  makes  attacks,  to  occupy  the  enemy,  without 
risking  too  much,  and  to  deceive  them  as  to  the  march 
and  projects  of  the  army. 

041..  .When  the  enemy  is  hidden  by  a  curtain  of 
advanced  troops,  the  commandant  of  the  advanced 
guard  sends  scouts,  under  intelligent  officers,  to  the 
right  and  left,  to  ascertain  his  position  and  move- 
ments. If  he  does  not  succeed  in  this  way,  he  tries 
to  unmask  the  enemy  by  demonstrations ;  threatens 
to  cut- the  advance  from  the  main  body;  makes  false 
attacks;  partial  and  impetuous  charges  in  echelon  ; 
and  if  all  fail,  he  makes  a  real  attack  to  accomplish 
the  object. 

642.. Detachments  left  by  the  advanced  guard  to 
hold  points  in  the  rear,  rejoin  it  when  other  troops 
come  up.     If  the  army  takes  a  position,  and  the  ad- 


110 

vanced  guard  is  separated  from  it  by  defiles  or  heights, 
the  communication  is  secured  by  troops  drawn  from 
the  main  body. 

643 . .  At  proper  distance  from  the  enemy,  the  troops 
are  formed  for  the  attack  in  several  lines  ;  if  only  two 
can  be  formed,  some  battalions  in  column  are  placed 
behind  the  wings  of  the  second  line.  The  lines  may 
be  formed  of  troops  in  column  or  in  order  of  battle, 
according  to  the  ground  and  plan  of  attack. 

644.  .The  advanced  guard  may  be  put  in  the  line 
or  on  the  wings,  or  other  position,  to  aid  tlie  pursuit 
or  cover  the  retreat. 

645..  The  reserve  is  formed  of  the  best  troops  of 
foot  and  horse,  to  complete  a  victory  or  make  good  a 
retreat.  It  is  placed  in  the  rear  of  the  centre,  or 
chief  point  of  attack  or  defense. 

646.  .The  cavalry  should  be  distributed  in  echelon 
on  the  wings  and  at  the  centre,  on  favorable  ground. 

647.  .It  should  be  instructed  not  to  take  the  gallop 
until  within  charging  distance ;  never  to  receive  a 
charge  at  a  halt,  but  to  meet  it,  or,  if  not  strong 
enough,  to  retire  manoeuvring  ;  and  in  order  to  be 
ready  for  the  pursuit,  and  prepared  against  a  reverse, 
or  the  attacks  of  the  reserve,  not  to  engage  all  its 
squadrons  at  once,  but  to  reserve  one-third,  in  column 
or  in  echelon,  abreast  of,  or  in  the  rear  of  one  of  the 
wings  ;  this  arrangement  is  better  than  a  second  line 
with  intervals. 

648.  .In  the  attack,  the  artillery  is  employed  to  si- 
lence the  batteries  that  protect  the  position.  In  the 
defense,  it  is  better  to  direct  its  fire  on  the  advancing 
troops.  In  either  case,  as  many  pieces  are  united  as 
possible,  the  fire  of  artillery  being  formidable  in  pro- 
portion to  its  concentration. 

649.  .In  battles  and  military  operations  it  is  better 
to  assume  the  offensive,  and  put  the  enemy  on  the  de- 
fensive ;  but  to  be  safe  in   doing  so  requires    a  larger 


Ill 

force  than  the  enemy,  or  better  troops,  and  favorable 
ground.  When  obliged  to  act  on  the  defensive,  the 
advantage  of  position  and  of  making  the  attack  may 
sometimes  be  secured  by  forming  in  rear  of  the  ground 
on  which  we  are  to  fight,  and  advancing  at  the  mo- 
ment of  action.  In  mountain  warfare,  the  assailant 
has  always  the  disadvantage  ;  and  even  in  offensive 
warfare,  in  the  open  field,  it  may  frequently  be  very 
important,  when  the  artillery  is  well  posted,  and  any 
advantage  of  ground  may  be  secured,  to  await  the 
enemy  and  compel  him  to  attack. 

650.  .The  attack  should  be  made  with  a  superior 
force  oii  the  decisive  point  of  the  enemy's  position,  by 
masking  this  by  false  attacks  and  demonstrations  on 
other  points,  and  by  concealing  the  troops  intended 
for  it  by  the  ground,  or  by  other  troops  in  their  front. 

651.  .Besides  the  arrangements  which  depend 
on  the  supposed  plan  of  the  enemy,  the  wings  must 
be  protected  by  the  ground,  or  supported  by  troops 
in  echelon  ;  if  the  attack  of  the  enemy  is  repulsed,  the 
offensive  must  at  once  be  taken,  to  inspire  the  troops, 
to  disconcert  the  enemy,  and  often  to  decide  the  ac- 
tion. In  thus  taking  the  offensive,  a  close  column 
should  be  pushed  rapidly  on  the  wing  or  flank  of  the 
enemy.  The  divisions  of  this  column  form  in  the  line 
of  battle  successively,  and  each  division  moves  to  the 
front  as  soon  as  formed,  in  order,  by  a  rapid  attack  in 
echelon,  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  changing  front  or 
bringing  up  his  reserves.  In  all  arrangements,  espe- 
cially in  those  for  attack,  it  is  most  important  to  con- 
ceal the  design  until  the  moment  of  execution,  and 
then  to  execute  it  with  the  greatest  rapidity.  The 
night,  therefore,  is  preferred  for  the  movement  of 
troops  on  the  flank  or  rear  of  the  enemy,  otherwise  it 
is  necessary  to  mask  their  march  by  a  grand  movement 
in  front,  or  by  taking  a  wide  circuit. 

652.. In  making  an  attack,  the  communications  to 


112 

the  rear  and  for  retreat  must  be  secured,  and  the  gene- 
ral must  give  beforehand  all  necessary  orders  to  pro- 
vide for  that  event. 

653.  .When  a  success  is  gained,  the  light  troops 
should  pursue*the  enemy  promptly  and  rapidly.  The 
other  troops  will  restore  order  in  their  columns,  then 
advance  from  position  to  position,  always  prepared  for 
an  attack  or  to  support  the  troops  engaged. 

654.  .Before  the  action,  the  Generals  indicate  the 
places  where  they  will  be;  if  they  change  position, 
they  give  notice  of  it,  or  leave  a  staff  officer  to  show 
where  they  have  gone. 

655.  .During  the  fight,  the  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  keep  the  men  in  the  ranks,  and  enforce 
obedience  if  necessary.  Soldiers  must  not  be  permit- 
ted to  leave  the  ranks  to  strip  or  rob  the  dead,  nor  to 
assist  the  wounded,  unless  by  express  permission, 
which  is  only  to  be  given  after  the  action  is  decided. 
The  highest  interest  and  duty  is  to  win  the  victory, 
which  only  can  insure  proper  care  of  the  wounded. 

656.  .Before  the  action,  the  Quartermaster  of  the 
division  makes  all  the  necessary  arrangements  for  the 
transportation  of  the  wounded.  ■  He  establishes  the 
ambulance  depots  in  the  rear,  and  gives  his  assistants 
the  necessary  instruction  for  the  service  of  the  ambu- 
lance wagons  and  other  means  of  removing  the 
wounded. 

657 . .  The  ambulance  depot,  to  which  the  wounded 
are  carried  or  directed  for  immediate  treatment,  is 
generally  established  at  the  most  convenient  building 
nearest  the  field  of  battle.  A  red  flag  marks  its  place,. 
or  the  way  to  it,  to  the  conductors  of  the  ambulances 
and  to  the  wounded  who  can  walk. 

658.  .The  active  ambulances  follow  the  troops  en- 
gaged to  succor  the  wounded  and  remove  them  to  the 
depots  ;  for  this  purpose  the  conductors  should  always, 
have  the  necessary  assistants,  that  the  soldiers  may 
have  no  excuse  to  leave  the  ranks  for  that  object. 


113 


659.. The  medical    director   of    the    division    <>ft™> 
conation  with   the  Quart, *nJ5&£&5. 

L     rlln      w    /i'  °?CP1'S  aDd  hosl,ital    attendants   at 
b?  disposal  to  the  depots  and  active  ambulances.   He 

The  JSLf  Tl  Md  at!e,ldantS'  WhCT  P'-ticab  e,  to 
the  active  ambulances,  to    relieve  the   wounded    who 

"ound  * lsfMT?  bef:;re  beins  reraoved  f™  « - 

L  nrovidS     >    5"  "**  "'e  deP6fa  aDd  ^"bulances 

a  idZv       Ho      ,  "I ',' SSi"'V  "I'^-tus,  medicines, 

and  stores.     He  will  take  post  and    render  bis  profes- 
sional services  at  the  principal  depot.  P 

660  If  the  enemy  endanger  the  depot,  the  quar- 
termaate. -takes  the  orders  of  the  General  to  remove 
it  or  to  strengthen  its  guard.  Te 

661.  The  wounded  in  the  depots  and  the  sick  ire 
removed,  as  soon  as  possible,  to  the  hospita    tl  at  h.ave 

anw  on    hi  fl"'  >y  ^  Q"'''rte'-»^ster 'General  o     he 
army  on  the  flanks  or  rear  of  the  army. 

6(52.  .After  an  action,  the  officers  of  ordnance  collect 
the  munitions  of  war  left  on  the  field,  and  make  a  rt 
turn  of  them  to  the    General.     The    Quartermaster, 
Department  collects  the  rest  of  the   pub  ic   p rm fer k 
captured   and  makes  the  returns  to  liLl-quarteT  * 

in  chfef"^'ltte1/  1l,I,0l'tsforthe ^neral  Commandinir- 
in-chief  are  made  by  commandants  of  regiments  bat- 
tenes,  and  separate  squadrons,  and  by  alfcom    andm 

»tnd  td'S  rC'eaCh  V-1  Wl'at  C0,lce'-»s  his  °wn  co  Z 
mand,  and  to  Ins  immediate  commander 

to^ondSln  ;aiV0ffiC01'  °r  S0'diel'  deserws  mention 

n  hi  cTse  Z2'  aaPeC'a  rep°rt  Sha"  be  ™*> 
SL5        .  '.,  tlle   General   commandinir-in-chief 

decides  whether  to.  mention  him  in  his  report  to  the 

E'.'l;  hi80rdera:    Buthe-Tun^tte 

tToneJn \  a    ,'ep0't    until    he   has   been   men! 

tinned  in   the  orders  to   the   army.      These   snecial 
reports  are  examined  with  care  by  the  iiiternSe 


114 

commanders,  to  verify  the  facts,  and  secure  commen- 
dation and  rewards  to  the  meritorious  only. 

665.  .The  report  of  battles,  which  must  frequently 
be  made  before  these  special  reports  of  persons  are 
scrutinized,  is  confined  to  general  praise  or  blame,  and 
an  account  of  the  operations. 

PRISONERS   OF  WAR. 

•666.  .Prisoners  of  war  will  be  disarmed  and  sent 
to  the  rear,  and  reported  as  soon  as  practicable  to  the 
head-quarters.  The  return  of  prisoners  from  the  Head- 
Quarters  of  the  Army  to  the  War  Department  will 
specify  the  number,  rank,  and  corps. 

667.. The  private  property  of  prisoners  will  be 
duly  respected,  and  each  shall  be  treated  with  the 
regard  due  to  his  rank.  They  are  to  obey  the  neces- 
sary orders  given  them.  They  receive  for  subsistence 
one  ration  each,  without  regard  to  rank ;  and  the 
wounded  are  to  be  treated  with  the  same  care  as  the 
wounded  of  the  army.  Other  allowances  to  them  will 
depend  on  conventions  with  the  enemy.  Prisoners' 
horses  will  be  taken  for  the  army. 

668.  .Exchanges  of  prisoners  and  release  of  officers 
on  parole  depend  on  the  orders  of  the  General  com- 
manding-in-chief, under  the  instructions  of  govern- 
ment. 

CONVOYS  AND  THEIR  ESCORTS. 

669.. The  strength  and  composition  of  the  escort 
of  a  convoy  depend  on  f he  country,  the  nature  and 
value  of  the  convoy,  and  the  dangers  it  may  incur. 
A  larger  escort  is  required  for  a  convoy  of  powder, 
that  the  defense  may  not  be  near  the  train. 

670.. Cavalry  is  employed  on  escorts  chiefly  to 
reconnoitre  ;  the  proportion  is  larger  as  the  country  is 
more  open. 

671.  .Pioneers  or  working  parties  are  attached  to 
convoys  to  mend  roads,  remove  obstacles,  and  erect 
defenses.  The  convoys  should  always  be  provided  with 
spare  wheels,  poles,  axles,  &c. 


115 

672.  .The  commandant  of  the  escort  should  receive 
detailed  instructions  in  writing. 

673.  .As  far  as  the  defense  permits,  the  commander 
of  the  escort  shajl  refer  to  the  officer  in  charge  of  the 
convoy  for  the  hours  of  departure,  the  halts,  the  park- 
ing and  order  of  the  train,  and  the  precautions  against 
accidents. 

674.  .Officers  who  accompany  the  convoy,  but  do 
not  belong  to  the  escort,  shall  exercise  no  authority 
in  it,  except  by  consent  of  the  commander.  If  these 
officers  are  junior  to  the  commander,  he  may  assign 
them  to  duty  if  the  defense  requires  it. 

675.  .Large  convoys  are  formed  into  divisions,  each 
with  a  conductor.  The  distance  between  the  wagons 
is  four  paces.  A  small  party  of  infantry  is  attached 
to  each  division. 

676.  .Generally,  munitions  of  war  are  at  the  head 
of  the  convoy,  subsistence  next,  and  then  other  mili- 
tary stores;  the  sutler  last.  But  always  that  part  of 
the  convoy  which  is  most  important  to  the  army  shall 
be  where  it  is  most  secure  from  danger. 

677.  .The  commandant  should  send  out  reconnoitr- 
ing parties,  and  never  put  the  convoy  in  motion  until 
their  reports  have  been  received.  He  always  forms 
an  advance  and  rear  guard,  and  keeps  the  main  body 
under  his  immediate  order  at  the  most  important 
point,  with  small  guards  or  posts  at  other  points. 

678.. In  an  open  country  the  main  body  marches 
by  the  side  of  the  road,  opposite  the  centre  of  the 
convoy ;  in  other  cases  at  the  head  or  rear  of  the  col- 
umn, as  the  one  or  the  other  is  more  exposed. 

679.  .The  advance  guard  precedes  the  convoy  far 
enough  to  remove  all  obstacles  to  its  advance.  It 
examines  the  woods,  defiles,  and  villages,  and  by 
mounted  men  gives  information  to  the  commander, 
and  receives  his  orders.  It  reconnoitres  places  for 
halts  and  parks. 


116 

680.  .If  the  head  of  the  column  is  threatened,  the 
advanced  guard  seizes  the  defiles  and  places  which 
the  enemy  might  occupy,  and  holds  them  until  the 
main  body  advances  to  the  front  and  relieves  it;  the 
main  body  holds  the  positions  until  the  head  of  the 
convoy  arrives,  and  then  leaves  detachments  which 
are  relieved  by  the  parties  marching  with  the  divi- 
sions ;  the  posts  are  not  abandoned  until  the  whole 
convoy  has  passed  and  the  position  is  no  longer  im- 
portant. 

681.. When  the  rear  is  threatened,  like  mea- 
sures are  taken;  the  rear  guard  defends  the  ground 
and  retards  the  enemy  by  breaking  the  bridges  and 
blocking  the  road. 

6S2.  .If  the  flanks  are  threatened,  and  the  ground 
is  broken,  and  many  defiles  are  to  be  passed,  the  de- 
fense of  the  convoy  becomes  more  difficult;  the 
advance  and  rear  guards  must  be  reduced,  the  flanks 
strengthened,  and  positions  which  will  cover  the 
march  of  the  convoy  must  be  occupied  by  the  main 
body  of  the  troops  before  the  head  of  the  convoy 
reaches  them,  and  until  it  has  passed. 

683.  .If  the  convoy  is  large,  and  has  to  pass  places 
that  the  force  and  position  of  the  enemy  make  dan- 
gerous, the  loss  of  the  whole  convoy  must  not  be 
risked ;  it  must  pass  by  divisions,  which  reunite  after 
the  passage.  In  this  case  the  greater  part  of  the 
troops  guard  the  first  division;  they  seize  the  impor- 
tant points,  and  cover  them  with  light  troops,  or,  if 
necessary,  with  small  posts,  and  hold  them  until  all 
the  divisions  have  passed. 

684.  .If  there  is  artillery  in  the  convoy,  the  com- 
mander of  the  escort  uses  it  for  the  defense. 

685.  .To  move  faster  and  make  the  defense  easier, 
the  wagons  move  in  double  file  whenever  the  road 
allows  it.  If  a  wagon  breaks,  it  is  at  once  removed 
from  the  road;    when    repaired,   it   takes   the  rear; 


117 

when  it  cannot  be  repaired,  its  load  and  horses  are 
distributed  to  some  of  the  other  wagons  kept  in  the 
rear  for  that  purpose. 

686 . .  Convoys  by  water  are  escorted  on  the  same 
principles.  Each  boat  has  a  small  infantry  guard  ;. 
one  portion  of  the  escort  precedes  or  follows  the  con- 
voy in  boats.  The  cavalry  march  opposite  the 
convoy  ;  the  advance  and  rear  guard  move  by  land, 
and  all  are  connected  by  flankers  with  the  convoy. 
Where  a  river  runs  through  a  narrow  valley,  the 
body  of  the  infantry  moves  by  land  to  prevent  the 
enemy  from  occupying  the  heights  and  disturbing  the 
convoy. 

6S7._ Convoys  halt  every  hour  to  let  the  horses 
take  breath  and  the  wagons  close  up.  Long  halts  are 
made  but  seldom,  and  only  in  places  that  have  been 
reconnoitered  and  found  favorable  for  defense.  At 
night  the  park  is  arranged  for  defense,  and  in  prefer- 
ence at  a  distance  from  inhabited  places,  if  in  an 
enemy's  country. 

6SS.  .The  wagons  are  usually  parked  in  ranks,  axle 
against  axle,  the  poles  in  the  same  direction,  and  with 
sufficient  space  between  the  rarfks  for  the  horses.  If 
an  attack  is  feared,  they  are  parked  in  square,  the 
hind  wheels  outside,  and  the  horses  inside. 

6S9.  .On  the  appearance  of  the  enemy  during  the 
march,  the  commander  closes  up  the  wagons  and  con- 
tinues his  marcli^in  order  ;  he  avoids  fighting;  but  if 
the  enemy  seizes  a  position  that  commands  his  road, 
he  attacks  vigorously  with  the  mass  of  his  force,  but 
is  not  to  continue  the  pursuit  far  from  the  convoy.. 
The  convoy  halts,  and  resumes  the  march  when  the 
position  is  carried. 

690.  .When  the  enemy  is  too  strong  to  be  attacked,, 
the  convoy  is  parked  in  square  if  there  is  room  ;  if 
not,  closed  up  in  double  file  ;  at  the  front  and  rear 
the  road  is  blocked  by  wagons  across  it.     The  drivers 


118 

are  dismounted  at  the  heads  of  the-  horses.  They  are 
not  permitted  to  make  their  escape.  The  light  troops 
keep  the  enemy  at  a  distance  as  long  as  possible,  and 
are  supported  when  necessary  but  prudently,  as  the 
troops  must  be  kept  in  hand  to  resist  the  main  attack. 

691.  .If  a  wagon  takes  fire  in  the  park,  remove  it 
if  possible ;  if  not,  remove  first  the  ammunition 
wagons,  then  those  to  leeward  of  the  fire. 

692.  .When  a  whole  convoy  cannot  be  saved,  the 
most  valuable  part  may  sometimes  be  by  abandoning 
the  rest.  If  all  efforts  fail,  and  there  is  no  hope  of 
succor,  the  convoy  must  be  set  on  fire,  and  the  horses 
killed  that  cannot  be  saved  ;  the  escort  may  then  cut 
its  way  through. 

693.. If  the  convoy  is  of  prisoners  of  war,  every 
effort  should  be  made  to  reach  a  village  or  strong 
building  where  they  may  be  confined  ;  if  forced  to 
fight  in  the  field,  the  prisoners  must  be  secured  and 
made  to  lie  down  until  the  action  is  over. 

BAGGAGE    TRAINS. 

694.. The  baggage  train  of  general  head-quarters 
and  the  trains  of  the  several  divisions  are  each  under 
the  charge  of  an  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment. These  officers  command  and  conduct  the 
trains  under  the  orders  they  receive  from  their  respec- 
tive head-quarters.  When  the  trains  of  different 
divisions  march  together,  or  the  train  of  a  division 
marches  with  the  train  of  general  head-quarters,  the 
senior  Quartermaster  directs  the  whole. 

695.. The  regimental  Quartermaster  has  charge  of 
the  wagons,  horses,  equipments,  and  all  means  of  trans- 
port employed  in  the  service  of  the  regiment.  Under 
the  orders  of  the  Colonel,  he  assembles  them  for  the 
march,  and  maintains  the  order  and  police  of  the  train 
in  park  and  on  the  march.  On  marches,  the  regimen- 
tal trains  are  under  the  orders  of  the  Quartermaster 
of  the  division.     When  the  march  is  by  brigade,  the 


119 

senior  regimental  Quartermaster  in  the  brigade,  or  the 
Quartermaster  of  the  brigade,  has  the  direction  of  the 
whole.  The  necessary  wagon-masters,  or  non-com- 
missioned officers  to  act  as  such,  are  employed  with 
the  several  trains. 

696.  .JTonc  but  the  authorized  wagons  are  allowed 
to  march  with  the  train.  The  wagons  of  the  several 
head-quarters,  the  regimental  wagons,  and  the  wagons 
of  sutlers  authorized  by  orders  from  head-quarters 
to  march  with  the  train,  are  all  to  be  conspicuously 
marked. 

697.  .When  the  train  of  head-quarters  is  to  have  a 
guard,  the  strength  of  the  guard  is  regulated  by  the 
General.  Generals  of  Brigade  guard  their  trains  by 
the  men  attached  to  the  train  of  the  first  regiment  of 
their  brigades.  The  regimental  trains  are  loaded,  un- 
loaded, and  guarded,  as  far  us  practicable,  by  conva- 
lescents and  men  not  effective  in  the  ranks  ;  in  the 
cavalry,  by  dismounted  men.  When  the  guard  of  a 
train  is  the  escort  for  its  defense,  the  regulations  in 
regard  to  convoys  and  escorts  take  effect. 

698.  .Habitually,  each  division  is  followed  by  its 
train,  the  regimental  trains  uniting  at  the  brigade 
rendezvous.  When  otherwise,  the  order  for  the  move- 
ment of  the  divisions,  brigades  and  regiments  contains 
the  necessary  directions  in  regard  to  the  assembling 
and  marching  of  the  respective  trains.  The  several 
trains  march  in  an  order  analogous  to  the  rank  of  the 
Generals,  and  the  order  of  battle  of  the  troops  to  which 
they  belong.  Trains  are  not  allowed  in  any  case  to 
be  in  the  midst  of  the  troops,  or  to  impede  the  march 
of  the  troops. 

699.. The  wagon-masters,  under  the  orders  of  the 
officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  exercise 
the  necessary  restraints  over  the  teamsters  and  ser- 
vants who  leave  their  teams,  or  do  not  properly  con- 
duct them  ;  or  who  ill-treat  their  horses,  or  who  at- 
tempt to  pillage,  or  run  away  in  case  of  attack. 


120 

700.  .The  General  commanding  the  army  and  the 
Generals  of  Division  will  not  permit  any  general  or 
staff  officer,  or  regiment  under  their  orders,  or  any 
person  whatsoever,  attached  to  their  command,  to 
have  more  than  the  authorized  amount  or  means  of  tran- 
sportation. For  this  purpose  they  will  themselves  make, 
and  cause  to  be  made,  frequent  reviews  and  inspections  of 
the  trains.  They  will  see  that  no  trooper  is  employed 
to  lead  a  private  horse,  no  soldier  to  drive  a  private 
vehicle,  and  that  no  trooper  is  put  on  foot  to  lend  his 
horse  to  an  officer.  They  will  not  permit  the  wagons 
of  the  artillery  or  of  the  train  to  be  loaded  with  any 
thing  foreign  to  their  proper  service,  nor  any  public 
horse,  for  any  occasion,  to  be  harnessed  to  a  private 
carriage. 

701.. The  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment, the  wagon-masters,  and  all  conductors  of  trains, 
are  charged  with  watching  that  the  regulations  re- 
specting transportation  allowances  are  strictly  ob- 
served. 

GENERAL    POLICE. 

702.  .When  necessary ,  the  General-in-chief  or  Gen- 
eral of  Division  may  appoint  a  provost  marshal  to 
take  charge  of  prisoners,  with  a  suitable  guard,  or 
other  police  force. 

703.  .Private  servants,  not  soldiers,  will  not  be  al- 
lowed to  wear  the  uniform  of  any  corps  of  the  army; 
but  each  will  be  required  to  carry  with  him  a  certifi- 
cate from  the  officer  who  employs  him,  verified,  for 
regimental  officers,  by  the  signature  of  the  Colonel ; 
for  other  officers  under  the  rank  of  Colonel,  by  the 
chief  of  their  corps  or  department. 

704.  .Laundresses  permitted  to  follow  the  army 
will  be  furnished  with  certificates,  signed  as  in  the 
preceding  paragraph,  and  no  woman  of  bad  char- 
acter will  be  allowed  to  follow  the  army.  Other  per- 
sons with  the  army,  not  officers   or   soldiers,  such  as 


121 

guides  of  the  country,  interpreters,  &c,  will  carry 
about  them  similar  certificates  from  the  head-quarters 
that  employs  them. 

705.  .Deserters  from  the  enemy,  after  being  exam- 
ined, will  be  secured  for  some  days,  as  they  may  be 
spies  in  disguise  ;  as  opportunities  offer,  they  will  be 
sent  to  the  rear  ;  after  which,  if  they  are  found  lurk- 
ing about  the  army,  or  attempting  to  return  to  the 
enemy,  they  will  be  treated  with  severity. 

700.  .The  arms  and  accoutrements  of  deserters  will 
be  turned  over  to  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  their 
horses  to  the  corps  in  want  of  them,  after  being- 
branded  with  the  letters  "  C>  S."  The  compensation 
to  be  accorded  to  deserters,  for  such  objects,  will  be 
according  to  appraisement,  made  under  the  direction 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  The  enlistment 
of  deserters,  without  express  permission  from  general 
head-quarters,  is  prohibited. 

707.  .It  is  forbidden  to  purchase  horses  without  as- 
certaining the  right  of  the  party  to  sell.  Stolen  horses 
shall  be  restored.  Estrays,  in  the  enemy's  country, 
when  the  owner  is  not  discovered,  are  taken  for  the 
army. 

708.  .Plundering  and  marauding,  at  all  times  dis- 
graceful to  soldiers,  when  committed  on  the  persons 
or  property  of  those  whom  it  is  the  duty  of  the  army 
to  protect,  become  crimes  of  such  enormity  as  to  ad- 
mit of  no  remission  of  the  awful  punishment  which 
the  military  law  awards  against  offenses  of  this  na- 
ture. 

SAFEGUARDS. 

709.  .Safeguards  are  protections  granted  to  persons 
or  property  in  foreign  parts  by  the  commanding  gene- 
ral, or  by  other  commanders  within  the  limits  of  their 
command. 

710.  .Safeguards  are  usually  given  to  protect .  hos- 
pitals, public   establishments,  establishments   of  re- 

K 


122 

ligion,  charity,  or  instruction,  museums,  depositories 
of  the  arts,  mills,  post-offices,  and  other  institutions 
of  public  benefit ;  also  to  individuals  whom  it  may 
be  the  interest  of  the  army  to  respect. 

711.  .A  safeguard  may  consist  of  one  or  more  men 
of  fidelity  and  firmness,  generally  non-effective  non- 
commissioned officers,  furnished  with  a  paper  setting 
out  clearly  the  protection  and  exemptions  it  is  in- 
tended to  secure,  signed  by  the  commander  giving  it, 
and  his  staff  officer  ;  or  it  may  consist  of  such  paper,, 
delivered  to  the  party  whose  person,  family,  house 
and  property  it  is  designed  to  protect.  These  safe- 
guards must  be  numbered  and  registered. 

712.  .The  men  left  as  safeguards  by  one  corps  may 
be  replaced  by  another.  They  are  withdrawn  when 
the  country  is  evacuated  ;  but  if  not,  they  have  or- 
ders to  await  the  arrival  of  the  enemy's  troops,  and 
apply  to  the  commander  for  a  safe-conduct  to  the  out- 
posts. 

713.  .Form  of  a  safeguard  : 
By  authority  of , 

A  safeguard  is  hereby  granted  to  [A.  B. ,  or 

the  house  and  family  of  A.  B. ,  or  to  the  col- 
lege, mills,  or  property ;  stating  precisely  the  place, 
nature,  and  description  of  the  person,  property,  or 
buildings.]  All  officers  and  soldiers  belonging  to  the 
army  of  the  Confederate  States  are  therefore  com- 
manded to  respect  this  safeguard,  and  to  afford,  if  ne- 
cessary, protection  to  [the  person,  family,  or  property 

of ,  as  the  case  may  be]. 

Given  at  Head-Quarters,  the day  of . 

A.  B. Major-General  commanding-in-chief. 

By  command  of  the  General. 

C.  D. ,  Adjutant-General. 

55th  Article  of  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War. 
"  Whosoever  belonging  to  the  armies  of  the  Con- 
federate States,  employed  in  foreign  parts,  shall  force 
a  safeguard,  shall  sutler  death." 


123 


SIEGES. 


714.. In  the  following  regulations  the  besiesrinsr 
force  is  supposed  to  be  two  divisions  of  infantry  and  a 
brigade  of  cavalry.  The  same  principles  govern  in 
other  cases. 

715. -The  Brigadier-Generals  of  infantry  serve,  in 
turn,  as  Generals  of  the  trenches  ;  one  or  more  of 
them  are  detailed  daily,  according  to  the  front  and 
number  of  attacks  ;  they  superintend  the  operations, 
and  dispose  the  guards  of  the  trenches  to  repulse  sor- 
ties and  protect  the  works.  Officers  of  the  general 
staff  are  assigned  to  them  to  transmit  their  orders  and 
attend  to  the  details  of  service. 

710.  .The  Colonels  and  Lieutenant-Colonels  of  in- 
fantry alternate  for  duty  in  the  trenches  ;  one  or  more 
are  detailed  daily  ;  they  superintend  the  service  of  the 
guards  and  workmen  in  the  part  of  the  work  to  which 
the  General  of  the  trenches  assigns  them,  being  posted 
with  troops  of  their  own  regiments  in  preference. 
The  commandant  of  the  siege  may  place  the  Colonels 
on  the  roster  with  the  Brigadier  Generals. 

717.  .The  commandants  of  engineers  and  artillery 
accompany  the  first  troops  before  the  place  to  exa- 
mine the  works  and  the  approaches.  When  the  en- 
gineers have  completed  the  reconnoissance  of  the 
works,  and  of  each  front  as  far  as  practicable,  the 
commandant  of  engineers  makes  a  plan  of  the  works 
as  exact  and  detailed  as  possible,  and  under  the  in- 
structions of  the  General  commanding  the  siege, 
draws  up  the  general  plan  of  the  siege,  and  discusses 
it  with  the  commandant  of  artillery  in  regard  to  the 
best  employment  of  that  arm.  These  officers  then 
submit  their  joint  or  separate  opinions  to  the  General, 
who  decides  on  the  plan  of  the  siege,  and  gives  the 
orders  for  the  execution.  The  commandant  of  engi- 
neers directs  the  construction  of  all  the  works  of 
siege,  under  the   authority  of  the   General,  and   lays 


124 

before  him  every  day  a  report  of  his  operations,  and 
a  plan  showing  the  progress  of  the  attack.  The  com- 
mandant of  artillery  also  makes  daily  reports  to  the 
General  of  all  that  relates  to  his  branch  of  the  service. 

718.. The  Quartermaster-General  establishes  the 
hospitals,  and  organizes  the  means  for  transporting 
the  wounded  to  them. 

71 9.. The  commanding  General  appoints  a  field 
officer  of  the  trenches,  who  is  aided  by  one  or  two 
Captains  or  Lieutenants. 

720.. The  field  officer  of  the  trenches  is  charged 
with  all  the  details  relative  to  the  assembling  of  the 
guards  and  the  workmen.  He  distributes  the  guards 
on  the  different  points  of  attack  agreeably  to  the  or- 
ders of  the  General  of  the  trenches,  and  forms  the 
detachments  of  workmen  for  the  engineers  and  artil- 
lery ;  that  he  may  be  prepared  for  this  distribution, 
he  receives  every  day  from  the  Adjutant-General  a 
statement  of  the  details  for  the  next  day. 

721 .  .On  the  arrival  of  the  General  of  the  trenches, 
the  field  officer  of  the  trenches  gives  him  all  the  in- 
formation necessary  to  enable  him  to  station  the 
troops,  attends  him  in  his  visits  to  the  trenches,  and 
takes  his  orders  on  the  changes  to  be  made  in  the 
position  of  the  troops.  The  execution  is  intrusted  to 
the  commandants  of  the  troops. 

722.. The  field  officer  of  the  trenches  sees  that 
men  and  litters  are  always  ready  to  bring  off  the 
wounded.  One  or  more  companies  of  the  guards  of 
the  trenches  are  put  under  his  immediate  orders  for 
the  preservation  of  order  and  police  in  the  trenches. 

723.  .The  divisions,  brigades,  regiments,  and  bat- 
talions, are  encamped  during  the  siege  in  the  order  of 
battle.  The  service  of  camp  is  conducted  as  hereto- 
fore prescribed. 

724.  .The  infantry  has  two  kinds  of  siege  service — 
the  guard  of  the  trenches  and  the  work  of  the 
trenches. 


125 

725.  .The  guards  of  the  trenches  mount  every  day 
by  battalions,  in  such  order  of  detail  that  all  the 
troops  may  take  an  equal  share,  and  no  part  of  the 
line  be  left  too  weak.  If  only  one  battalion  is  re- 
quired, each  division  furnishes  it  alternately  ;  if  two 
are  required,  each  division  gives  one  ;  if  three,  one 
division  furnishes  two,  the  other  one,  alternately.  The 
two  battalions  of  the  same  division  are  not  taken 
from  the  same  brigade. 

726.. The  detail  for  work  of  the  trenches  is  by 
company,  from  all  the  regiments  at  one  time,  or  in 
turn,  and  continues  generally  twelve  hours.  The  detail 
from  any  regiment  should  never  be  less  than  a  com- 
pany. If  only  half  a  company  would  be  needed  from 
all  the  regiments  at  a  time,  every  other  regiment  fur- 
nishes a  full  company  alternately. 

727  . .  The  battalions  for  guard  are  detailed  at 
least  twelve  hours  in  advance  ;  they  furnish  no  other 
details  during  this  tour.  If  the  whole  regiment  is 
called  out,  it  leaves  a  sufficient  police  guard  in 
camp. 

728 . .  Twenty-four  hours,  or  twelve  at  least,  be- 
fore mounting  guard  in  the  trenches,  the  battalions 
detailed  for  guard  do  not  furnish  workmen  ;  and  the 
companies  of  these  battalions  whose  tour  it  would 
have  been  to  work  in  the  trenches,  do  not  go  there 
for  twenty-four  hours  after  guard,  if  possible,  or  at  the 
least,  twelve. 

729.. The  workmen  who  are  required  for  other 
work  than  that  of  the  trenches  are  taken  from  the 
roster  for  fatigue  from  the  battalions  and  companies 
not  employed  in  the  trenches. 

730.  .The  battalions  first  for  detail  for  guard  of  the 
trenches,  and  the  companies  first  for  detail  for  work 
in  the  trenches,  furnish  no  other  details,  and  are  held 
on  picket,  ready  to  march  at  the  call  of  the  field  officer 
of  the  trenches. 

K1 


126 

731.  .Materials  for  the  siege,  such  as  fascines,  gabi- 
ons, hurdles,  pickets,  &c,  are  furnished  by  the  dif- 
ferent corps,  in  the  proportion  ordered  by  the 
General. 

732.. Guards  and  workmen  c;oin»;  to  the  trenches 
march  without  beat  of  drum  or  music. 

733.. At  all  times,  and  especially  on  the  day  the 
trenches  are  opened,  every  thing  is  avoided  likely  to 
attract  the  attention  of  the  enemy.  With  this  view 
the  General  may  vary  the  hour  of  relieving  guards. 

731..  The  chiefs  of  engineers  and  artillery  make 
requisitions  for  workmen  in  advance,  that  the  details 
may  be  made  in  time  to  prevent  any  delay  in  the 
work.  They  should  exceed  the  number  strictly  re- 
quired, that  there  may  be  a  reserve  for  unforseen 
wants.  If  this  reserve  is  found  insufficient,  the  Gene- 
ral directs  the  field  officer  of  the  trenches  to  call  on 
the  picket. 

735.. Before  the  guards  and  workmen  march,  the 
field  officer  of  the  trenches  arranges  them  so  that 
each  detachment  can  reach  its  ground  without  con- 
fusion. The  troops  are  posted  in  the  trenches  ac- 
cording to  the  position  of  their  regiments  in  the  order 
of  battle,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  the  companies  of 
workmen  in  like  order.  The  reserves  of  workmen  are 
placed  at  the  depot  of  the  trenches,  or  the  nearest 
suitable  place  to  the  works. 

736.. The  workmen  leave  their  knapsacks  and 
swords  in  camp,  and  march  with  their  firearms  and 
cartridge-boxes,  which  they  place  near  them  while  at 
work.  The  always  carry  their  overcoats,  to  cover 
them  in  resting  or  when  wounded. 

737.. The  guards  always  enter  the  trenches  with 
arms  trailed,  and  the  workmen  also,  unless  they  carry 
materials  or  tools,  when  the  arms  are  in  the  sling. 

738.  .The  guards  and  detachments  of  workmen  send 
a  Corporal  to  the  openings   of  the   trenches  to  guide 


127 

the  relief.     They  march  out  of  the  trenches   by  the 
flank,  with  trailed  arms. 

739.. Sand  bags,  forming  loopholes,  are  placed  at 
intervals  on  the  parapet  to  cover  the  sentinels  ;  they 
are  more  numerous  than  the  sentinels,  so  that  the  ene- 
my may  not  know  where  the  sentinels  are  placed. 

740.  .When  detachments  are  placed  at  night  in  ad- 
vance of  the  trenches,  to  cover  the  workmen,  the  men 
sit  or  lie  down,  with  their  firearms  in  their  hands,  to 
hide  themselves  better  from  the  enemy  ;  the  sentinels 
put  their  ears  to  the  ground  frequently,  that  they  may 
hear  troops  coming  out  of  the  place.  To  prevent 
mistakes,  the  workmen  are  told  what  troops  cover 
them. 

741.  .No  honors  are  paid  in  the  trenches.  When 
the  General  commanding  the  siege  visits  them,  the 
guards  place  themselves  in  rear  of  the  banquette,  and 
rest  on  their  arms.  The  colors  "are  never  carried  to 
the  trenches  unless  the  whole  regiment  marches  to  re- 
pulse a  sortie  or  make  an  assault.  Even  in  this  case 
they  are  not  displayed  until  the  General  commanding 
the  siege  gives  a  formal  order. 

742 . .  The  materials  of  the  siege  of  all  kinds,  together 
with  the  tools,  are  collected  in  part  at  the  depots  of 
the  trenches,  and  in  part  at  the  openings  of  the 
trenches,  or  in  such  other  place  as  has  been  appointed 
for  the  convenience  of  the  service  by  the  field  officer 
of  the  trenches,  on  the  advice  of  the  chiefs  of  artillery 
and  engineers.  They  are  in  charge  of  officers  of  en- 
gineers and  of  artillery,  with  guards  or  non-commis- 
sioned officers  of  both  corps.  But  if  these  corps 
cannot  furnish  them,  the  chiefs  apply  for  assistance 
from  the  infantry. 

743.  .The  workmen,  in  going  to  the  trenches,  carry 
such  tools  and  materials  as  are  required  by  the  artil- 
lery and  engineers.  In  this  case,  the  field  officer  of 
the  trenches  has  notice  and  superintends  it. 


128 

744.. The  soldiers  sent  to  the  trenches  go  with 
their  cartridge-boxes  filled.  Cartridges,  when  needed, 
are  sent  to  the  trenches  on  the  requisition  of  com- 
manders of  battalions,  approved  by  the  General  of  the 
trenches. 

745.  .In  the  case  of  a  sortie,  the  guards  move  ra- 
pidly to  the  places  that  have  been  designated  by  the 
General  of  the  trenches,  and  which  afford  the  best 
defense  for  the  head  of  the  works,  the  batteries,  the 
communications,  or  the  flanks,  or  best  enable  them  to 
take  the  sortie  itself  in  flank  or  reverse.  Having  lined 
the  banquette  to  fire  on  the  enemy,  the  troops  form 
on  the  reverse  of  the  trench  to  receive  him.  The 
workmen  take  arms,  retain  their  positions,  or  retire 
with  their  tools,  as  ordered.  The  officers  command- 
ing the  detachments  of  workmen  see  that  their 
movements  are  made  promptly  and  in  good  order,  so 
as  to  avoid  all  confusion  in  the  communications. 

746.  .The  troops  that  advance  beyond  the  trenches 
to  repulse  the  sortie,  must  not  follow  in  pursuit.  The 
General  takes  care  that  they  return  to  the  trenches 
before  the  retreat  of  the  sortie  allows  the  artillery  of 
the  place  to  open  on  them.  When  the  workmen  re- 
turn, the  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  of  the 
detachments  call  the  roll  without  interrupting  the 
work,  which  is  immediately  resumed. 

747.  .When  it  is  necessary  to  dismount  cavalry  and 
send  them  to  the  trenches,  they  should  be  employed 
as  near  their  camp  as  possible,  and  posted  between 
the  detachments  of  infantry. 

748.  .Men  belonging  to  the  cavalr}^  may,  in  assaults, 
be  employed  in  carrying  fascines  and  other  materials 
to  fill  ditches  and  make  passages. 

749 . .  The  general  officers  of  cavalry  are  more  par- 
ticularly employed  in  the  service  of  posts  and  detach- 
ments placed  in  observation  to  protect  the  siege. 
They  and  the  field  officers   of  this  arm   are  employed 


129 

in  the  command  of  escorts  to  convoys,  of  whatever 
arms  the  escorts  may  be  composed.  When  these  du- 
ties are  not  sufficient  to  employ  them,  they  take  their 
share  of  the  duty  of  the  trenches. 

750.  .The  officers  of  engineers  and  artillery  of  the 
trenches  make  to  the  General  of  the  trenches  a  return 
of  all  losses  in  their  troops,  and  such  other  reports  on 
the  work  as  he  requires,  in  addition  to  the  reports  di- 
rect to  their  respective  chiefs  on  the  details  of  the 
service. 

751.  .At  the  end  of  each  tour,  the  field  officer  of 
the  trenches  draws  up  a  report  for  the  twenty-four 
hours  to  the  General  of  the  trenches.  The  General 
of  the  trenches  reports  to  the  General  commanding 
the  siege. 

752.  .The  commanders  of  the  several  corps  in  the 
trenches  report,  when  relieved,  to  their  respective 
head-quarters  the  losses  during  the  tour,  and  the  con- 
duct of  the  officers  and  men. 

753.  .However  practicable  the  breach  may  appear, 
or  however  ruined  the  works  in  rear  of  it,  the  heads 
of  columns  must  always  be  supplied  with  ladders  to 
get  over  unexpected  obstacles. 

754.  .The  General  commanding  the  siege  designates 
picked  companies  to  protect  property  and  persons, 
and  prevent  pillage  and  violence,  from  the  moment 
the  place  is  carried.  The  officers  exert  themselves  to 
restrain  the  men. 

755.. The  General  designates  the  places  requiring 
particular  protection,  such  as  churches,  asylums,  hos- 
pitals, colleges,  schools  and  magazines.  The  order  for 
their  protection  should  remind  the  soldiers,  at  the 
time,  of  the  penalty  of  disobeying  it. 

756.  .Whether  the  place  be  taken  by  assault  or  by 
capitulation,  the  provisions  and  military  stores,  and 
the  public  funds,  are  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  army. 

757.. The   commander  of  engineers   will   keep   a 


130 

journal  of  the  siege,  showing  the  operations  of  each 
day  in  detail,  the  force  employed  on  the  works,  the 
kind  and  quantity  of  materials  used  in  them,  &c.  He 
will  also  mark  on  a  plan  of  the  ground  the  daily  pro- 
gress of  the  works,  and  make  the  necessary  drawings 
explanatory  of  their  construction. 

758.  .The  commander  of  the  artillery  will  keep  a 
daily  journal  of  the  operations  under  his  direction, 
showing — the  number  and  kind  of  pieces  in  battery, 
the  force  employed  in  serving  them,  the  kind  and 
quantity  of  ammunition  expended,  the  number  of 
rounds  fired  from  each  piece  of  ordnance,  the  effect  of 
the  fire,  and  all  other  particulars  relative  to  his  branch 
of  the  service. 

759.. These  journals  and  drawings  will  be  sent, 
after  the  siege,  with  the  report  of  the  General,  to  the 
War  Department. 

DEFENSE    OF   FORTIFIED    PLACES. 

760.  .In  war,  every  commander  of  a  fortified  place 
shall  always  hold  himself  prepared  with  his  plan  of 
defense,  as  if  at  any  time  liable  to  attack.  He  ar- 
ranges this  plan  according  to  the  probable  mode  of 
attack  ;  determines  the  posts  of  the  troops  in  the 
several  parts  of  the  works,  the  reliefs,  the  reserves, 
and  the  details  of  service  in  all  the  corps.  He  draws 
up  instructions  for  a  case  of  attack,  and  exercises  the 
garrison  according  to  his  plan  of  defense.  In  sea-coast 
works,  he  provides  the  instructions  for  the  different 
batteries  on  the  approach  of  ships. 

761.  .In  framing  his  plan,  he  studies  the  works  and 
the  exterior  within  the  radius  of  attack  and  invest- 
ment, the  strength  of  the  garrison,  the  artillery,  the 
munitions  of  war,  subsistence,  and  supplies  of  all 
kinds,  and  takes  immediate  measures  to  procure  what- 
ever is  deficient,  of  troops,  or  supplies,  either  by  requisi- 
tion on  the  government  or  from  the  means  put  at  his 
disposal. 


131 

762.  .On  the  approach  of  an  enemy,  he  removes  all 
houses  and  other  objects,  within  or  without  the  place, 
that  cover  the  approaches,  or  interrupt  the  fire  of  the 
guns  or  the  movements  of  the  troops.  He  assures 
himself  personally  that  all  posterns,  outlets,  embra- 
zures,  &c,  are  in  proper  state  of  security. 

763.  .He  shall  be  furnished  by  the  Department  of 
War  with  a  plan  of  the  works,  showing  all  the  details 
of  the  fortifications,  and  of  the  exterior  within  the 
radius  of  attack  ;  with  a  map  of  the  environs  within 
the  radius  of  investment ;  with  a  map  of  the  vicinity, 
including  the  neighboring  works,  roads,  water-chan- 
nels, coasts,  &c. ;  with  a  memoir  explaining  the  situ- 
ation and  defense  of  the  place,  and  the  relations  and 
bearings  of  the  several  works  on  each  other,  and  on 
the  approaches  by  land  and  water — all  which  he  care- 
fully preserves,  and  communicates  only  to  the  council 
of  defense. 

764.  .He  consults  his  next  in  rank,  and  the  senior 
officer  of  the  engineers,  and  of  the  artillery,  either  sep- 
arately or  as  a  council  of  defense.  In  the  latter  case 
he  designates  an  officer  to  act  as  secretary  to  the 
council,  and  to  record  their  proceedings,  and  their 
joint  or  separate  opinions,  which  are  to  be  kept  secret 
during  the  siege.  The  members  may  record  their 
opinions  under  their  own  signature.  In  all  cases,  the 
commander  decides  on  his  own  responsibility. 

765.  .The  commander  of  the  place,  and  the  chiefs 
of  engineers  and  of  artillery,  shall  keep  journals  of  the 
defense,  in  which  shall  be  entered,  in  order  of  date, 
without  blank  or  interlineation,  the  orders  given  or 
received,  the  manner  in  which  they  are  executed,  their 
results,  and  every  event  and  circumstance  of  import- 
ance in  the  progress  of  the  defense.  These  journals 
and  the  proceedings  of  the  council  of  defense,  shall 
be  sent  after  the  siege  to  the  Department  of  War. 

766.  .There  shall  be  kept  in  the  office  of  the  com- 


3  32 

mandant  of  the  place,  to  be  sent  after  the  siege  to 
the  Department  of  War,  a  map  of  the  environs,  a 
plan  of  the  fortifications,  and  a  special  plan  of  the 
front  of  attack,  on  which  the  chief  engineer  will 
trace,  in  succession,  the  positions  occupied,  and  the 
works  executed  by  the  enemy  from  the  investment ; 
and  also  the  works  of  counter  approach  or  defense, 
and  the  successive  positions  of  the  artillery  and 
other  troops  of  the  garrison  during  the  progress  of 
the  siege. 

767.  .The  commander  shall  defend  in  succession  the 
advanced  works,  the  covered  way  and  outworks,  the 
body  of  the  work,  and  the  interior  intrenchments. 
He  will  not  be  content  with  clearing  away  the  foot 
of  the  breaches,  and  defending  them  by  abattis,  mines, 
and  all  the  means  used  in  sieges;  but  he  shall  begin 
in  good  time,  behind  the  bastions  or  front  of  attack, 
the  necessary  intrenchments  to  resist  assaults  on  the 
main  work. 

768.. He  shall  use  his  means  of  defense  in  such 
manner  as  always  to  have  a  reserve  of  fresh  troops, 
chosen  from  his  best  soldiers,  to  resist  assaults,  retake 
the  outworks,  and  especially  to  resist  the  assaults  on 
the  body  of  the  place ;  and  a  reserve  of  provisions  for 
the  last  period  of  the  siege,  and  of  ammunition  for  the 
last  attack. 

769.. He  must,  in  every  case,  compel  the  besieg- 
ing force  to  approach  by  the  slow  and  successive 
works  of  siege,  and  must  sustain  at  least  one  assault 
on  a  practicable  breach  in  the  body  of  the  place. 

770.  .When  the  commander  thinks  that  the  end  of 
the  defense  has  come,  he  shall  still  consult  the  coun- 
cil of  defense  on  the  means  that  may  remain  to  pro- 
long the  siege.  But  in  all  cases  he  alone  will  decide 
on  the  time,  manner,  and  terms  of  the  surrender.  In 
the  capitulation,  he  shall  not  seek  or  accept  better 
terms  for  himself  than  for   the  garrison,   but   shall 


133 

share  their  fate,  and  exert  his  best  endeavors  for 
the  care  of  the  troops,  and  especially  of  the  sick  and 
wounded. 

771.. No  commander  in  the  field  shall  withdraw 
troops  or  supplies  from  any  fortilied  place,  or  exer- 
cise any  authority  over  its  commandant,  unless  it  has 
been  put  subject  to  his  orders  by  competent  authority. 

ARTICLE  XXXI. 

TROOPS  ON  BOARD  OF  TRANSPORTS. 

772.  .Military  commanders,  charged  with  the  em- 
barkation of  troops,  and  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  intrusted  with  the  selection  of  the  trans- 
ports, will  take  care  that  the  vessels  are  entirely  sea- 
worthy and  proper  for  such  service,  and  that  suitable 
arrangements  are  made  in  them  for  the  health  and 
comfort  of  the  troops. 

773.  .If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  officer  commanding 
the  troops  to  be  embarked,  the  vessel  is  not  proper  or 
suitably  arranged,  the  officer  charged  with  the  em- 
barkation shall  cause  her  to  be  inspected  by  compe- 
tent and  experienced  persons. 

774.  .Immediately  after  embarking,  the  men  will 
be  assigned  to  quarters,  equal  parties  on  each  side  of 
the  ship,  and  no  man  will  be  allowed  to  loiter  or  sleep 
on  the  opposite  side.  As  far  as  practicable,  the  men 
of  each  company  will  be  assigned  to  the  same  part  of 
the  vessel,  and  the  squads,  in  the  same  manner,  to 
contiguous  berths. 

775.  .Arms  will  be  so  placed,  if  there  be  no  racks, 
as  to  be  secure  from  injury,  and  enable  the  men  to 
handle  them  promptly — bayonets  unfixed  and  in  scab- 
bard. 

776.  .Ammunition  in  cartridge-boxes  to  be  so 
placed  as  to  be  entirely  secure  from  fire  ;  reserve 
ammunition  to  be  reported  to  the  master  of  the  trans- 
port, with  request   that  he  designate  a  safe  place  of 

L 


134 

deposit.  Frequent  inspections  will  be  made  of  the 
service  ammunition,  to  insure  its  safety  and  good  con- 
dition. 

777.. No  officer  is  to  sleep  out  of  his  ship,  or  to 
quit  his  ship,  without  the  sanction  of  the  officer  com- 
manding on  board. 

778 . .  The  guard  will  be  proportioned  to  the  num- 
ber of  sentinels  required.  At  sea,  the  guard  will  mount 
with  side  arms  only.  The  officer  of  the  guard  will  be 
officer  of  the  day. 

779.  .Sentinels  will  be  kept  over  the  fires,  with 
buckets  of  water  at  hand,  promptly  to  extinguish  fires. 
Smoking  is  prohibited  between  decks  or  in  the  cabins,  at 
all  times  ;  nor  shall  any  lights  be  allowed  between 
decks,  except  such  ship  lanterns  as  the  master  of  the 
transport  may  direct,  or  those  carried  by  the  officer  of 
the  day  in  the  execution  of  his  duty. 

780.  .Regulations  will  be  adopted  to  enable  com- 
panies or  messes  to  cook  in  turn ;  no  others  than 
those  whose  turn  it  is,  will  be  allowed  to  loiter  round 
Or  approach  the  galleys  or  other  cooking  places. 

781.  .The  commanding  officer  will  make  arrange- 
ments, in  concert  with  the  master  of  the  vessel,  for 
calling  the  troops  to  quarters,  so  that  in  case  of  alarm, 
by  storm,  or  fire,  or  the  approach  of  the  enemy, 
every  man  may  repair  promptly  to  his  station.  But 
he  will  take  care  not  to  crowd  the  deck.  The 
troops  not  wanted  at  the  guns  or  to  assist  the 
sailors,  and  those  who  cannot  be  advantageously  em- 
ployed with  small  arms,  will  be  formed  as  a  reserve 
between  decks. 

782.  .All  the  troops  will  turn  out  at  — ,  a.  m..  with- 
out arms  or  uniform,  and  (in  warm  weather)  without 
shoes  or  stockings ;  when  every  individual  will  be 
clean,  his  hands,  face  and  feet  washed,  and  his  hair 
combed.  The  same  personal  inspection  will  be  re- 
peated thirty  minutes  before  sunset.    The  cooks  alone 


135 

will  be  exempted  from  one  of  these  inspections  per 
day,  if  necessary. 

783 . .  Recruits  or  awkward  men  will  be  exercised 
in  the  morning  and  evening  in  the  use  of  arms,  an 
hour  each  time,  when  the  weather  will  permit. 

784.  .Officers  will  enforce  cleanliness  as  indispensa- 
ble to  health.  When  the  weather  will  permit,  bedding 
will  be  brought  on  deck  every  morning  for  airing. 
Tubs  may  be  fixed  on  the  forecastle  for  bathing,  or 
the  men  may  be  placed  in  the  chains  and  have  buckets 
of  water  thrown  over  them. 

785 . .  Between  decks  will  not  be  washed  oftener  than 
once  a  week,  and  only  when  the  weather  is  fine.  The 
boards  of  the  lower  berths  will  be  removed  once  or 
twice  a  week  to  change  the  straw.  Under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Surgeon  and  the  officer  of  the  day,  fre- 
quent fumigations  will  be  performed  between  decks. 
The  materials  required  are — common  salt,  four  ounces  ; 
powdered  oxide  of  manganese,  one  ounce ;  sulphuric 
acid,  one  ounce,  diluted  with  two  ounces  of  water. 
The  diluted  acid  is  poured  over  the  other  ingredients 
in  a  basin  placed  in  a  hot  sand-bath.  Solutions  of 
chloride  of  lime  and  chloride  of  zinc  are  excellent  dis- 
infecting agents. 

786.. During  voyages  in  hot  weather,  the  master 
of  the  vessel  will  be  desired  to  provide  wind-sails, 
which  will  be  kept  constantly  hung  up,  and  frequent- 
ly examined,  to  see  that  they  draw  well,  and  are  not 
obstructed. 

787.  .During  cooking  hours,  the  officers  of  compa- 
nies visit  the  caboose,  and  see  that  the  messes  are 
well  prepared.  The  coppers  and  other  cooking  uten- 
sils are  to  be  regularly  and  well  washed,  both  before 
and  after  use. 

788.  .The  bedding  will  be  replaced  in  the  berths  at 
sunset,  or  at  an  earlier  hour  when  there  is  a  prospect 
of  bad  weather ;  and  at  tattoo  every  man  not  on  duty 


m 

will  be  in  his  berth.  To  insure  the  execution  of  this 
regulation,  the  officer  of  the  day,  with  a  lantern,  will 
make  a  tour  between  decks. 

789.. Lights  will  be  extinguished  at  tattoo,  except 
such  as  are  placed  under  sentinels.  The  officer  of  the 
day  will  see  to  it,  and  report  to  the  commanding  offi- 
cer. The  officers'  lights  will  be  extinguished  at  ten 
o'clock,  unless  special  permission  be  given  to  continue 
them  for  a  longer  time,  as  in  case  of  sickness  or  other 
emergency. 

790.  .For  the  sake  of  exercise,  the  troops  will  b 
occasionally  called  to  quarters  by  the  beat  to  arms. 
Those  appointed  to  the  guns  will  be  frequently  exer- 
cised in  the  use  of  them.  The  arms  and  accoutre- 
ments will  be  frequently  inspected.  The  metallic 
parts  of  the  former  will  be  often  wiped  and  greased 
again. 

791.  .The  men  will  not  be  allowed  to  sleep  on  deck 
in  hot  weather  or  in  the  sun  ;  they  will  be  encouraged 
and  required  to  take  exercise  on  deck,  in  squads  by 
succession,  when  necessary. 

792.  .At  morning  and  evening  parades,  the  Surgeon 
will  examine  the  men,  to  observe  whether  there  be 
any  appearance  of  disease. 

793.  .The  sick  will,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  healthy  men.  On  the  first  appearance 
of  malignant  contagion,  a  signal  will  be  made  for  the 
hospital  vessel  (if  there  be  one  in  company),  and  the 
diseased  men  removed  to  her. 

794.  .A  good  supply  of  hospital  stores  and  medi- 
cines will  be  taken  on  each  vessel,  and  used  only  for 
the  sick  and  convalescent. 

795.  .The  Surgeon  will  guard  the  men  against  con- 
tiveness  on  approaching  a  hot  climate.  In  passing 
through  the  West  Indies,  to  the  southern  coast  for 
instance,  and  for  some  weeks  after  landing  in  those 
latitudes,  great  care  is  required  in  the  use  of  fruit,  as 


137 

strangers  would  not  be  competent  to  judge  of  it,  and 
most  kinds,  after  long  voyages,  are  prejudicial. 

796.. In  harbor,  where  there  is  no  danger  from 
sharks,  the  men  may  bathe ;  but  not  more  than  ten 
at  a  time,  and  attended  by  a  boat. 

797.  .In  fitting  up  a  vessel  for  the  transportation  of 
horsey  care  is  to  be  taken  that  the  requisite  arrange- 
ments are  made  for  conveniently  feeding  and  cleaning 
them,  and  to  secure  them  from  injury  in  rough  weather 
by  ropes  attached  to  breast-straps  and  breeching,  or 
by  other  suitable  means ;  and  especially  that  proper 
ventilation  is  provided  by  openings  in  the  upper  deck, 
wind-sails,  &c.  The  ventilation  of  steamers  may  be 
assisted  by  using  the  engine  for  that  purpose. 

798.  .Horses  should  not  be  put  on  board  after  se- 
vere exercise  or  when  heated.  In  hoisting  them  on 
board,  the  slings  should  be  made  fast  to  a  hook  at  the 
end  of  the  fall,  or  the  knot  tied  by  an  expert  seaman, 
so  that  it  may  be  well  secured  and  easily  loosened. 
The  horse  should  be  run  up  quickly,  to  prevent 
him  from  plunging,  and  should  be  steadied  by  guide 
ropes.  A  halter  is  placed  on  him  before  he  is  lifted 
from  the  ground. 

799.  .On  board,  care  is  to  be  taken  that  the  horses 
are  not  over-fed  ;  bran  should  form  part  of  their  ra- 
tion. The  face,  eyes,  and  nostrils  of  each  horse  are  to 
be  washed  at  the  usual  stable  hours,  and,  occasionally, 
the  mangers  should  be  washed  and  the  nostrils  of  the 
horses  sponged  with  vinegar  and  water. 

800.  .In  loading  vessels  with  stores  for  a  military 
expedition,  the  cargo  of  each  should  be  composed  of 
an  assortment  of  such  stores  as  may  be  available  for 
service,  in  case  of  the  non-arrival  of  others,  and  they 
should  be  placed  on  board  in  such  a  manner  that  they 
may  be  easily  reached,  in  the  order  in  which  they  are 
required  for  service.  Each  store-ship  should  be 
marked,  at  the  bow  and  stern,  on  both  sides,  in  large 

Ll 


138 

characters,  with  a  distinctive  letter  and  number.  A 
list  is  to  be  made  of  the  stores  on  board  of  each  ves- 
sel, and  of  the  place  where  they  are  to  be  found  in  it ; 
a  copy  of  this  list  to  be  sent  to  the  chief  officer  of  the 
proper  department  in  the  expedition,  or  at  the  place 
of  destination. 

ARTICLE     XXXII. 

COURTS-MARTIAL. 

801.. In  appointing  a  general  court-martial,  as 
many  members  will  be  detailed,  from  five  to  thirteen 
inclusively,  as  can  be  assembled  without  manifest  in- 
jury to  the  service. 

802.. The  decision  of  the  officer  appointing  the 
court,  as  to  the  number  that  can  be  assembled  without 
manifest  injury  to  the  service,  is  conclusive. 

803 . .  A  President  of  the  court  will  not  be  ap- 
pointed. The  officer  highest  in  rank  present  will  be 
President. 

804. -Form  of  order  appointing  a  general  court- 
martial  ;  the  last  paragraph  omitted  when  the  court 
can  be  kept  up  with  thirteen  members  : 

Head-Quarters, &c. 

A  General    Court-Martial   is   hereby   appointed  to 

meet  at ,  on  the day  of ,  or  as   soon 

thereafter  as  practicable,  for  the   trial   of , 

and  such  other  prisoners  as  may  be  brought  before 
it. 

Detail  for  the  Court : 

1. 8. 

2. 9. 

3. 10. 

4.  11. 

5.  12. 

6.  13. 

7.  —  Judge  Advocate. 


139 

No  other  officers  than  those  named  can  be  assembled 
without  manifest  injury  to  the  service. 

By  order  of commanding 


■,  Assistant  Adjutant-General. 


805.  .In  the  detail  the  members  will  be  named, 
and  they  will  take  place  in  the  court,  in  the  order  of 
their  rank.  A  decision  of  the  proper  authority  in  re- 
gard to  the  rank  of  the  members  cannot  be  reversed 
by  the  court. 

806.  .The  place  of  holding  a  court  is  appointed  by 
the  authority  convening  it. 

807 . .  Application  for  delay  or  postponement  of  tri- 
al must,  when  practicable,  be  made  to  the  authority 
convening  the  court.  When  made  to  the  court,  it 
must  be  before  plea,  and  will  then,  if,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  court  well  founded,  be  referred  to  the  authority 
convening  the  court,  to  decide  whether  the  court 
should  be  adjourned  or  dissolved,  and  the  charges  re- 
served for  another  court. 

80S.  .Upon  application  by  the  accused  for  post- 
ponement on  the  ground  of  the  absence  of  a  witness, 
it  ought  distinctly  to  appear  on  his  oath,  1st,  that  the 
witness  is  material,  and  how  ;  2d,  that  the  accused 
has  used  due  diligence  to  procure  his  attendance  ; 
and,  3d,  that  he  has  reasonable  ground  to  believe, 
and  does  believe,  that  he  will  be  able  to  procure  such 
attendance  within  a  reasonable  time  stated. 

809.  .The  President  of  a  court-martial,  besides  his 
duties  and  privileges  as  member,  is  the  organ  of  the 
court,  to  keep  order  and  conduct  its  business.  He 
speaks  and  acts  for  the  court  in  each  case  where  the 
rule  has  been  prescribed  by  law,  regulation,  or  its  own 
resolution.  In  all  their  deliberations  the  law  secures 
the  equality  of  the  members. 

810.  .The  76th  Article  of  War  does  not  confer  on 
a  court-martial  the  power  to  punish  its  own  members. 
For  disorderly  conduct,  a  member  is  liable  as  in  other 


140 

offenses  against  military  discipline  ;  improper  words 
are  to  be  taken  down,  and  any  disorderly  conduct  of 
a  member  reported  to  the  authority  convening  the 
court. 

811 .  .The  Judge  Advocate  shall  summon  the  neces- 
sary witnesses  for  the  trial ;  but  he  shall  not  summon 
any  witness  at  the  expense  of  the  Confederate  States, 
nor  any  officer  of  the  army,  without  the  order  of  the 
court,  unless  satisfied  that  his  testimony  is  material 
and  necessary  to  the  ends  of  justice. 

812.  .Every  court-martial  shall  keep  a  complete 
and  accurate  record  of  its  proceedings,  to  be  authenti- 
cated by  the  signatures  of  the  President  and  Judge 
Advocate  ;  who  shall  also  certify,  in  like  manner,  the 
sentence  pronounced  by  the  court  in  each  case.  The 
record  must  show  that  the  court  was  organized  as  the 
law  requires ;  that  the  court  and  Judge  Advocate 
were  duly  sworn  in  the  presence  of  the  prisoner  ;  that 
he  was  previously  asked  whether  he  had  any  objec- 
tion to  any  member,  and  his  answer  thereto.  A  copy 
of  the  order  appointing  the  court  will  be  entered  on 
the  record  in  each  case. 

813.  .Whenever  the  same  court-martial  tries  more 
prisoners  than  one,  and  they  are  arraigned  on  separate 
and  distinct  charges,  the  court  is  to  be  sworn  at  the 
commencement  of  each  trial,  and  the  proceedings  in 
each  case  will  be  made  up  separately. 

814. .  The  record  shall  be  clearly  and  legibly  written; 
as  far  as  practicable,  without  erasures  or  interlinea- 
tions. The  pages  to  be  numbered,  with  a  margin  of 
one  inch  on  the  left  side  of  each  page,  and  at  the  top 
of  the  odd  and  bottom  of  the  even  pages;  through 
this  last  margin  the  sheets  to  be  stitched  together  ; 
the  documents  accompanying  the  proceedings  to  be 
noted  and  marked  in  such  a  manner  as  to  afford  an 
easy  reference. 

815.  .No  recommendation  will  be  embraced  in  the 


141 

body  of  the  sentence.    Those  members  only  who  con- 
cur in  the  recommendation  will  sign  it. 

816.  .The  legal  punishments  for  soldiers  by  sentence 
of  a  court-martial  according  to  the  offense,  and  the  juris- 
diction of  the  court,  are — death;  corporeal  punishment 
by  flogging;  confinement;  confinement  on  bread  and 
water  diet ;  solitary  confinement ;  hard  labor  ;  ball 
and  chain ;  forfeiture  of  pay  and  allowances  ;  dis- 
charges from  service  ;  and  reprimands.  Solitary  con- 
finement, or  confinement  on  bread  and  water,  shall 
not  exceed  fourteen  days  at  a  time,  with  intervals  be- 
tween the  periods  of  such  confinement  not  less  than 
such  periods  ;  and  not  exceeding  eighty-four  days  in 
any  one  year. 

817.  .The  Judge  Advocate  shall  transmit  the  pro- 
ceedings, without  delay,  to  the  officer  having  autho- 
rity to  confirm  the  sentence,  who  shall  state,  at  the 
end  of  the  proceedings  in  each  case,  his  decision  and 
orders  thereon. 

S18.  .The  original  proceedings  of  all  general  courts- 
martial,  after  the  decision  on  them  of  the  reviewing 
authority,  and  all  proceedings  that  require  the  deci- 
sion of  the  president  under  the  65th  and  89th  Articles 
of  War,  and  copies  of  all  orders  confirming  or  dispro- 
ving, or  remitting  the  sentences  of  courts-martial, 
and  all  official  communications  for  the  Judge  Advo- 
cate of  the  army,  will  be  addressed  to  "  The  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  Army,  War  Department"  marked  on 
the  cover,  "  Judge  Advocate" 

819.. The  proceedings  of  garrison  and  regimental 
courts-martial  will  be  transmitted  without  delay  by 
the  garrison  or  regimental  commander  to  the  depart- 
ment head-quarters,  for  the  supervision  of  the  depart- 
ment commander. 

820.  .The  power  to  pardon  or  mitigate  the  punish- 
ment ordered  by  a  court-martial,  is  vested  in  the  au- 
thority confirming  the  proceedings,  and  in  the  Presi- 


142 

dent  of  the  Confederate  States.  A  superior  military 
commander  to  the  officer  confirming  the  proceedings 
may  suspend  the  execution  of  the  sentence  when,  in 
his  judgment,  it  is  void  upon  the  face  of  the  proceed- 
ings, or  when  he  sees  a  fit  case  for  executive  clemency. 
In  such  cases,  the  record,  with  his  order  prohibiting 
the  execution,  shall  be  transmitted  for  the  final  orders 
of  the  President. 

821.. When  a  court-martial  or  court  of  inquiry 
adjourns  without  day,  the  members  will  return  to 
their  respective  posts  and  duties,  unless  otherwise  or- 
dered. 

822.. When  a  court  adjourns  for  three  days,  the 
Judge  Advocate  shall  report  the  fact  to  the  com- 
mander of  the  post  or  troops,  and  the  members  be- 
longing to  the  command  will  be  liable  to  duty  during 

the  time.  

ARTICLE    XXXIII. 

WORKING-PARTIES. 

823.  .When  it  is  necessary  to  employ  the  army  at 
work  on  fortifications,  in  surveys,  in  cutting  roads,  and 
other  constant  labor  of  not  less  than  ten  days,  the 
non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers  so  employed  are 
enrolled  as  extra-duty  men,  and  are  allowed  twenty- 
five  cents  a  day  when  employed  as  laborers  and  team- 
sters, and  forty  cents  a  day  when  employed  as  me- 
chanics, at  all  stations  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ; 
and  thirty-five  and  fifty  cents  per  day,  respectively,  at 
all  stations  west  of  those  mountains. 

824.  .Enlisted  men  of  the  Ordnance  and  Engineer 
Departments,  and  artificers  of  artillery,  are  not  en- 
titled to  this  allowance  when  employed  in  their  ap- 
propriate work. 

825.  .Soldiers  will  not  be  employed  as  extra-duty 
men  for  any  labor  in  camp  or  garrison  which  can 
properly  be  performed  by  fatigue  parties. 


143 

826.  .No  extra-duty  men,  except  those  required  for 
the  ordinary  service  of  the  Quartermaster,  Commis- 
sary, and  Medical  Departments,  and  saddlers  in  mount- 
ed companies,  will  be  employed  without  previous  au- 
thority from  department  headquarters,  except  in  case 
of  necessity,  which  shall  be  promptly  reported  to  the 
department  commander. 

S27.  .Extra-duty  pay  of  a  soldier  in  a  mounted 
company  will  be  charged  on  the  company  muster-roll, 
to  be  paid  by  theQuartermasterand  refunded  by  the  Ord- 
nance Department.  Extra-duty  pay  of  cooks  and 
nurses  in  the  hospital  service  will  be  paid  by  the 
Quartermaster,  in  the  absence  of  a  medical  disbursing 
officer,  and  refunded  by  the  Medical  Department. 

82S.  .The  officer  commanding  a  working  party  will 
conform  to  the  directions  and  plans  of  the  engineer  or 
other  officer  directing  the  work,  without  regard  to 
rank. 

829.. A  day's  work  shall  not  exceed  ten  hours  in 
summer,  nor  eight  in  winter.  Soldiers  are  paid  in 
proportion  for  any  greater  number  of  hours  they  are 
employed  each  day.  Summer  is  considered  to  com- 
mence on  the  1st  of  April,  and  winter  on  the  1st  of 
October. 

830.  .Although  the  necessities  of  the  service  may 
require  soldiers  to  be  ordered  on  working-parties  as  a 
duty,  commanding  officers  are  to  bear  in  mind  that 
fitness  for  military  service  by  instruction  and  discipline 
is  the  object  for  which  the  army  is  kept  on  foot,  and 
that  they  are  not  to  employ  the  troops  when  not  in 
the  field,  and  especially  the  mounted  troops,  in  labors 
that  interfere  with  their  military  duties  and  exercises, 
except  in  cases  of  immediate  necessity,  which  shall  be 
forthwith  reported  for  the  orders  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment.   

ARTICLE    XXXIV. 

PUBLIC    PROPERTY,    MONEY,    AND    ACCOUNTS. 

831.. All  officers  of    the  Pay,   Commissary,    and 


144 

Quartermaster's  Departments,  and  military  store- 
keepers, shall,  previous  to  their  entering  on  the  duties 
of  their  respective  offices,  give  good  and  sufficient 
bonds  to  the  Confederate  States,  fully  to  account  for 
all  moneys  and  public  property  which  they  may  re- 
ceive, in  such  sums  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  di- 
rect ;  and  the  officers  aforesaid  shall  renew  their  bonds 
every  four  years,  and  oftener  if  the  Secretary  of  War 
shall  so  require,  and  whenever  they  receive  a  new 
commission  or  appointment. 

832.  .The  sureties  to  the  bonds  shall  be  bound 
jointly  and  severally  for  the  whole  amount  of  the 
bond,  and  shall  satisfy  the  Secretary  of  War  that  they 
are  worth  jointly  double  the  amount  of  the  bond,  by 
the  affidavit  of  each  surety,  stating  that  he  is  worth, 
over  and  above  his  debts  and  liabilities,  the  amount  of 
the  bond,  or  such  other  sum  as  he  may  specify,  and 
each   surety  shall  state  his  place  of  residence. 

833.. The  chiefs  of  disbursing  departments  who 
submit  requisitions  for  money  to  be  remitted  to  dis- 
bursing officers,  shall  take  care  that  no  more  money 
than  is  actually  needed  is  in  the  hands  of  any  officer. 

834.  .The  Treasury  Department  having  provided, 
by  arrangement  with  the  assistant  treasurers  at  vari- 
ous points,  secure  depositories  for  funds  in  the  hands 
of  disbursing  officers,  all  disbursing  officers  are  re- 
quired to  avail  themselves,  as  far  as  possible,  of  this 
arrangement,  by  depositing  with  the  assistant  treasur- 
ers such  funds  as  are  not  wanted  for  immediate  use, 
and  drawing  the  same  in  convenient  sums  as  wanted. 

835.  .No  public  funds  shall  be  exchanged  except 
for  gold  and  silver.  When  the  funds  furnished  are 
gold  and  silver,  all  payments  shall  be  in  gold  and  sil- 
ver. When  the  funds  furnished  are  drafts,  they  shall 
be  presented  at  the  place  of  payment,  and  paid  accord- 
ing to  law  ;  and  payments  shall  be  made  in  the  funds 
so  received  for  the  drafts,  unless  said  funds  or  said 


145 

drafts  can  be  exchanged  for  gold  and  silver  at  par. 
If  any  disbursing  officer  shall  violate  any  of  these 
provisions,  he  shall  be  suspended  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  and  reported  to  the  President,  and  promptly 
removed  from  office  or  restored  to  his  trust  and  duties 
as  to  the  President  may  seem  just  and  proper. 

836.  .No  disbursing  officer  shall  accept,  or  receive, 
or  transmit  to  the  Treasury  to  be  allowed  in  his  favor, 
any  receipt  or  voucher  from  a  creditor  of  the  Confed- 
erate States,  without  having  paid  to  such  creditor,  in 
such  funds  as  he  received  for  disbursement,  or  such 
other  funds  as  he  is  authorized  by  the  preceding  arti- 
cle to  take  in  exchange,  the  full  amount  specified  in 
such  receipt  or  voucher  ;  and  every  such  act  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  a  conversion  to  his  own  use  of  the 
amount  specified  in  such  receipt  or  voucher.  And  no 
officer  in  the  military  service  charged  with  the  safe- 
keeping, transfer,  or  disbursement  of  public  money, 
shall  convert  to  his  own  use,  or  invest  in  any  kind  of 
merchandise  or  property,  or  loan  with  or  without  in- 
terest, or  deposit  in  any  bank,  or  exchange  for  any 
funds,  except  as  allowed  in  the  preceding  article,  any 
public  money  intrusted  to  him  ;  and  every  such  act 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  a  felony  and  an  embezzlement 
of  so  much  money  as  may  be  so  taken,  converted, 
invested,  used,  loaned,  deposited,  or  exchanged. 

837.  .Any  officer  who  shall  directly  or  indirectly 
sell  or  dispose  of,  for  a  premium,  any  Treasury  note, 
draft,  warrant,  or  other  public  security  in  his  hands 
for  disbursement,  or  sell  or  dispose  of  the  proceeds 
or  avails  thereof  without  making  returns  of  such  pre- 
mium and  accounting  therefor  by  charging  it  in  his 
accounts  to  the  credit  of  the  Confederate  States,  will 
forthwith  be  dismissed  by  the  President. 

83S.  .If  any  disbursing  officer  shall  bet  at  cards  or 
any  game  of  hazard,  his  commanding  officer  shall  sus- 

M 


146 

pend  his  functions,  and  require  him  to  turn  over  all 
the  public  funds  in  his  keeping,  and  shall  immediately 
report  the  case  to  the  proper  bureau  of  the  War  De- 
partment. 

839.  .All  officers  are  forbid  to  give  or  take  any  re- 
ceipt in  blank  for  public  money  or  property ;  but  in 
all  cases  the  voucher  shall  be  made  out  in  full,  and 
the  true  date,  place,  and  exact  amount  of  money,  in 
words,  shall  be  written  out  in  the  receipt  before  it  is 
signed. 

840 . .  When  the  signature  is  not  written  by  the 
hand  of  the  party,  it  must  be  witnessed. 

841.  .No  advance  of  public  money  shall  be  made, 
except  advances  to  disbursing  officers,  and  advances 
by  order  of  the  War  Department  to  officers  on  distant 
stations,  where  they  cannot  receive  their  pay  and 
emoluments  regularly  ;  but  in  all  cases  of  contracts 
for  the  performance  of  any  service,  or  the  delivery  of 
articles  of  any  description,  payment  shall  not  exceed 
the  value  of  the  service  rendered,  or  of  the  articles 
delivered,  previously  to  such  payment. 

842.  .No  officer  disbursing  or  directing  the  disburse- 
ment of  money  for  the  military  service,  shall  be  con- 
cerned, directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  purchase  or  sale, 
for  commercial  purposes,  of  any  article  intended  for, 
making  a  part  of,  or  appertaining  to  the  department 
of  the  public  service  in  which  he  is  engaged,  nor  shall 
take  or  apply  to  his  own  use  any  gain  or  emolument 
for  negotiating  or  transacting  any  public  business 
other  than  what  is  or  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

843 . .  No  wagon-master  or  forage-master  shall  be 
interested  or  concerned,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  any 
wagon  or  other  means  of  transport  employed  by  the 
Confederate  States,  nor  in  the  purchase  or  sale  of  any 
property  procured  for  or  belonging  to  the  Confede- 
rate States,  except  as  the  agent  of  the  Confederate 
States. 


147 

844.  .No  officer  or  agent  in  the  military  service 
shall  purchase  from  any  other  person  in  the  military 
service,  or  make  any  contract  with  any  such  person 
to  furnish  supplies  or  services,  or  make  any  purchase 
or  contract  in  which  such  person  shall  be  admitted 
to  any  share  or  part,  or  to  any  benefit  to  arise  there- 
from. 

845 .  .No  person  in  the  military  service  whose  salary, 
pay,  or  emoluments  is  or  are  fixed  by  law  or  regula- 
tions, shall  receive  any  additional  pay,  extra  allow- 
ance, or  compensation  in  any  form  whatever,  for  the 
disbursement  of  public  money,  or  any  other  service 
or  duty  whatsoever,  unless  the  same  shall  be  authori- 
zed by  law,  and  explicitly  set  out  in  the  appropria- 
tion. 

846.  .All  accounts  of  expenditures  shall  set  out  a 
sufficient  explanation  of  the  object,  necessity  and  pro- 
priety of  the  expenditure. 

847.  .The  facts  on  which  an  account  depends  must 
be  stated  and  vouched  by  the  certificate  of  an  officer, 
or  other  sufficient  evidence. 

S4S.  .If  any  account  paid  on  the  certificate  of  an 
officer  to  the  facts  is  afterwards  disallowed  for  error  of 
fact  in  the  certificate,  it  shall  pass  to  the  credit  of  the 
disbursing  officer,  and  be  charged  to  the  officer  who 
gave  the  certificate. 

849.  .An  officer  shall  have  credit  for  an  expenditure 
of  money  or  property  made  in  obedience  to  the  order 
of  his  commanding  officer.  If  the  expenditure  is 
disallowed,  it  shall  be  charged  to  the  officer  who  or- 
dered it. 

850.  .Disbursing  officers,  when  they  have  the 
money,  shall  pay  cash,  and  not  open  an  account. 
Heads  of  bureaus  shall  take  care,  by  timely  remit- 
tances, to  obviate  the  necessity  of  any  purchases  on 
credit. 

851.  .When  a  disbursing  officer  is  relieved,  he  shall 


148 

certify  the  outstanding  debts  to  his  successor,  and 
transmit  an  account  of  the  same  to  the  head  of  the 
bureau,  and  turn  over  his  public  money  and  property 
appertaining  to  the  service  from  which  he  is  relieved 
to  his  successor,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

852.. The  chief  of  each  military  bureau  of  the 
War  Department  shall,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  regulate,  as  far  as  practicable,  the 
employment  of  hired  persons  required  for  the  admin- 
istrative service  of  his  department. 

853.  .When  practicable,  persons  hired  in  the  mili- 
tary service  shall  be  paid  at  the  end  of  the  calendar 
month,  and  when  discharged.  Separate  pay-rolls 
shall  be  made  for  each  month. 

854.. When  a  hired  person  is  discharged  and  not 
paid,  a  certified  statement  of  his  account  shall  be 
given  him. 

855.  .Property,  paid  for  or  not,  must  be  taken  up 
on  the  return,  and  accounted  for  when  received. 

856.. No  officer  has  authority  to  insure  public 
property  or  money. 

857.  .Disbursing  officers  are  not  authorized  to  settle 
with  heirs,  executors  or  administrators,  except  by  in- 
structions from  the  proper  bureau  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment, upon  accounts  duly  audited  and  certified  by 
the  proper  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury. 

S5S.  .Public  horses,  mules,  oxen,  tools  and  imple- 
ments shall  be  branded  conspicuously  C.  S.  before 
being  used  in  service,  and  all  other  public  property 
that  it  may  be  useful  to  mark  ;  and  all  public  prop- 
erty having  the  brand  of  the  C.  S.  when  sold  or  con- 
demned, shall  be  branded  with  the  letter  C. 

859.  .No  public  property  shall  be  used,  nor  labor 
hired  for  the  public  be  employed,  for  any  private  use 
whatsoever  not  authorized  by  the  regulations  of  the 
service. 

860.  .When  public  property  becomes  damaged,  ex- 


149 

cept  by  fair  wear  and  tear,  the  officer  accountable  for 
the  property  shall  report  the  case  to  the  commanding 
officer,  who  shall  appoint  a  board  of  survey  of  two  or 
more  officers  to  examine  the  property,  and  ascertain 
the  cause  and  amount  of  damage,  and  whether  by 
any  fault  of  any  person  in  the  military  service,  and 
report  the  facts  and  their  opinion  to  him  ;  which  re- 
port, with  his  opinion  thereon,  he  shall  transmit  to 
the  chief  of  the  department  to  which  the  property 
appertains,  and  give  a  copy  to  the  officer  accounta- 
ble for  the  property  and  to  the  person  chargeable  for 
the  damage. 

861.  .If  any  article  of  public  property  be  lost  or 
damaged  by  neglect  or  fault  of  any  officer  or  soldier, 
he  shall  pay  the  value  of  such  article,  or  amount 
of  damage,  or  cost  of  repairs,  and  be  proceeded 
against  as  the  Articles  of  War  provide,  if  he  demand 
a  trial  by  court-martial,  or  the  circumstances  re- 
quire it. 

862 . .  Charges  against  a  soldier  shall  be  set  against 
his  pay  on  the  muster-roll.  Charges  against  an  offi- 
cer to  be  set  against  his  pay  shall  be  promptly  reported 
to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

563.  .If  any  article  of  public  property  be  embez- 
zled, or  by  neglect  lost  or  damaged,  by  any  person 
hired  in  the  public  service,  the  value  or  damage  shall 
be  charged  to  him,  and  set  against  any  pay  or  money 
due  him. 

564.  .Public  property  lost  or  destroyed  in  the  mili- 
tary service  must  be  accounted  for  by  affidavit,  or  the 
certificate  of  a  commissioned  officer,  or  other  satisfac- 
tory evidence. 

565.  .Affidavits  or  depositions  may  be  taken  before 
any  officer  in  the  list,  as  follows,  when  recourse  can 
not  be  had  to  any  before  named  on  said  list,  which 
fact  shall  be  certified  by  the  officer  offering  the  evi- 
dence :  1st,  a  civil  magistrate  competent   to  adminis- 

Ml 


150 

ter  oaths;  2d,  a  judge  advocate  ;  3d,  the  recorder  of 
a  garrison  or  regimental  court-martial  ;  4th,  the  adju- 
tant of  a  regiment ;  5th,  a  commissioned  officer. 

S66.  .When  military  stores  or  other  army  supplies 
are  unsuitable  to  the  service,  the  officer  in  charge 
thereof  shall  report  the  case  to  the  commanding  offi- 
cer, who  shall  refer  the  report,  with  his  opinion  there- 
on, to  the  bureau  of  the  department  to  which  the 
property  appertains,  for  the  order  in  the  case  of  the 
Secretary  of  War.  But  if,  from  the  nature  or  condi- 
tion of  the  property  or  exigency  of  the  service,  it  be 
necessary  to  act  without  the  delay  of  such  reference, 
in  such  case  of  necessity  the  commanding  officer  shall 
appoint  a  board  of  survey,  composed  of  two  or  more 
competent  officers,  to  examine  the  property  and  re- 
port to  him,  subject  to  his  approval,  what  disposition 
the  public  interest  requires  to  be  made  of  it ;  which 
he  shall  cause  to  be  made,  and  report  the  case  to  the 
proper  bureau  of  the  War  Department,  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  Secretary  of  War.  These  cases  of  ne- 
cessity arise  when  the  property  is  of  perishable 
nature,  and  can  not  be  kept,  or  when  the  expense  of 
keeping  it  is  too  great  in  proportion  to  its  value,  or 
when  the  troops,  in  movement,  would  be  compelled 
to  abandon  it.  Horses  incurably  unfit  for  any  public 
service  may  also  constitute  a  case  of  necessity,  but 
shall  be  put  to  death  only  in  case  of  an  incurable 
wound  or  contagious  disorder. 

867.  .When  military  stores  or  other  army  supplies 
are  reported  to  the  War  Department  as  unsuitable  to 
the  service,  a  proper  inspection  or  survey  of  them 
shall  be  made  by  an  Inspector  General,  or  such  suita- 
ble officer  or  officers  as  the  Secretary  of  War  may 
appoint  for  that  purpose.  Separate  inventories  of  the 
stores,  according  to  the  disposition  to  be  made  of 
them,  shall  accompany  the  inspection  report :  as  of 
articles  to  be  repaired,  to  be  broken  up,  to  be  sold,  of 


151 

no  use  or  value,  and  to  be  dropped,  &c,  &c.  The 
inspection  report  and  inventories  shall  show  the  exact 
condition  of  the  different  articles. 

868.  .Military  stores  and  other  army  supplies  found 
unsuitable  to  the  public  service,  after  inspection  by 
an  Inspector  General,  and  ordered  for  sale,  shall  be 
sold  for  cash  at  auction,  on  due  public  notice,  and  in 
such  market  as  the  public  interest  may  require.  The 
officer  making  the  sale  will  bid  in  and  suspend  the 
sale,  when,  in  his  opinion,  better  prices  may  be  got. 
Expenses  of  the  sale  will  be  paid  from  the  proceeds. 
The  auctioneer's  verified  account  of  the  sale  in  detail, 
and  the  vouchers  for  the  expenses  of  the  sale,  will  be 
reported  to  the  chief  of  the  department  to  which  the 
property  belonged.  The  net  proceeds  will  be  applied 
as  the  Secretary  of  War  may  direct. 

869.  .No  officer  making  returns  of  property  shall 
drop  from  his  return  any  public  property  as  worn  out 
or  unserviceable,  until  it  has  been  condemned,  after 
proper  inspection,  and  ordered  to  be  so  dropped. 

870.  .An  officer  issuing  stores  shall  deliver  or  trans- 
mit to  the  receiving  officer  an  exact  list  of  them,  in 
duplicate  invoices,  and  the  receiving  officer  shall  re- 
turn him  duplicate  receipts. 

871 . .  When  an  officer  to  whom  stores  are  forwarded 
has  reason  to  suppose  them  miscarried,  he  shall 
promptly  inform  the  issuing  and  forwarding  officer, 
and  the  bureau  of  the  department  to  which  the  prop- 
erty appertains. 

872 . .  When  stores  received  do  not  correspond  in 
amount  or  quality  with  the  invoice,  they  will  be  ex- 
amined by  a  board  of  survey,  and  their  report  com- 
municated to  the  proper  bureau,  to  the  issuing  and 
forwarding  officer,  and  to  the  officer  authorized  to  pay 
the  transportation  account.  Damages  recovered  from 
the  carrier  or  other  party  liable,  will  be  refunded  to 
the  proper  department. 


152 

873.  .On  the  death  of  any  officer  in  charge  of  pub- 
lie  property  or  money,  the  commanding  officer  shall 
appoint  a  board  of  survey  to  take  an  inventory  of  the 
same,  which  he  shall  forward  to  the  proper  bureau  of 
the  War  Department ;  and  he  shall  designate  an  offi- 
cer to  take  charge  of  the  said  property  or  money  till 
orders  in  the  case  are  received  from  the  proper  au- 
thority. 

874.  .When  an  officer  in  charge  of  public  property 
is  removed  from  the  care  of  it,  the  commanding  offi- 
cer shall  designate  an  officer  to  receive  it,  or  take 
charge  of  it  himself,  till  a  successor  be  regularly 
appointed.  Where  no  officer  can  remain  to  receive 
it,  the  commanding  officer  will  take  suitable  means  to 
secure  it,  and  report  the  facts  to  the  proper  authority. 

875 .  .Every  officer  having  public  money  to  account 
for,  and  failing  to  render  his  account  thereof  quarter- 
yearly,  with  the  vouchers  necessary  to  its  correct  and 
prompt  settlement,  within  three  months  after  the  ex- 
piration of  the  quarter  if  resident  in  the  Confed- 
erate States,  and  within  six  months  if  resident  in  a 
foreign  country,  will  be  promptly  dismissed  by  the 
President,  unless  he  shall  explain  the  default  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  President. 

S76.  .Every  officer  intrusted  with  public  money  or 
property  shall  render  all  prescribed  returns  and  ac- 
counts to  the  bureau  of  the  department  in  which  he 
Is  serving,  where  all  such  returns  and  accounts 
shall  pass  through  a  rigid  administrative  scrutiny 
before  the  money  accounts  are  transmitted  to  the 
proper  offices  of  the  Treasury  Department  for  set- 
tlement. 

877.  .The  head  of  the  bureau  shall  cause  his  deci- 
sion on  each  account  to  be  endorsed  on  it.  He  shall 
hring  to  the  notice  of  the  Secretary  of  War  all  ac- 
counts and  matters  of  account  that  require  or  merit  it. 
When  an   account  is  suspended   or   disallowed,  the 


153 

bureau  shall  notify  it  to  the  officer,  that  he  may  have* 
early  opportunity  to  submit  explanations,  or  take  arr 
appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

S78.  .When  an  account  is  suspended  or  disalIowed> 
in  the  proper  office  of  the  Treasury  Department,  or 
explanation  or  evidence  required  from  the  officer,  it 
shall  be  promptly  notified  to  him  by  the  head  of  the 
military  bureau.  And  all  vouchers,  evidence  or 
explanation  returned  by  him  to  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment shall  pass  through  the  bureau. 

879.  .Chiefs  of  the  disbursing  departments  shall, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  desig- 
nate, as  far  as  practicable,  the  places  where  the  prin^ 
cipal  contracts  and  purchases  shall  be  made,  and  sup- 
plies procured  for  distribution. 

880.  .All  purchases  and  contracts  for  supplies  or 
services  for  the  army,  except  personal  services,  when, 
the  public  exigencies  do  not  require  the  immediate- 
delivery  of  the  article  or  performance  of  the  service,, 
shall  be  made  by  advertising  a  sufficient  time  previous- 
ly for  proposals  respecting  the  same. 

SSI.. The  officer  advertising  for  proposals  shall, 
when  the  intended  purchase  or  contract  is  considered,, 
transmit  forthwith  a  copy  of  the  advertisement  and 
report  of  the  case  to  the  proper  bureau  of  the  War 
Department. 

882.  .Contracts  will  be  made  with  the   lowest  res- 
ponsible bidder,  and  purchases  from  the  lowest  bidder 
who  produces  the  proper    article.     But  when   such 
lowest  bids  are  unreasonable,  they   will   be   rejected,, 
and  bids  again  invited  by  public  notice ;    and  all  bids , 
and  advertisements  shall  be  sent  to  the  bureau. 

883.  .When    sealed  bids  are   required,  the  time  of" 
opening  them   shall    be  specified,  and   bidders  have 
privilege  to  be  present  at  the  opening. 

8S4.  .When  immediate  delivery  or  performance  is 
required  by  the  public  exigency,  the  article  or  service 


154 

required  may  be  procured  by  open  purchase  or  con- 
tract at  the  places,  and  in  the  mode  in  which  such 
articles  are  usually  bought  and  sold,  or  such  services 
engaged,  between  individuals. 

885 . .  Contracts  shall  be  made  in  quadruplicate; 
one  to  be  kept  by  the  officer,  one  by  the  contractor, 
and  two  to  be  sent  to  the  military  bureau,  one  of 
which  for  the  office  of  the  Second  Comptroller  of  the 
Treasury. 

886 ..  The  contractor  shall  give  bond,  with  good 
and  sufficient  security,  for  the  true  and  faithful  per- 
formance of  his  contract,  and  each  surety  shall  state 
his  place  of  residence. 

887.  .An  express  condition  shall  be  inserted  in  con- 
tracts that  no  member  of  Congress  shall  be  admitted 
to  any  share  or  part  therein,  or  any  benefit  to  arise 
therefrom. 

888.  .No  contract  shall  be  made  except  under  a  law 
authorizing  it,  or  an  appropriation  adequate  to  its  ful- 
fillment, except  contracts  by  the  Secretary  of  War  for 
the  subsistence  or  clothing  of  the  army,  or  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department. 

889.  .It  is  the  duty  of  every  commanding  officer  to 
enforce  a  rigid  economy  in  the  public  expenses. 

890.  .All  estimates  for  supplies  of  property  or  mo- 
ney for  the  public  service  within  a  department  shall 
be  forwarded  through  the  commander  of  the  depart- 
ment, and  carefully  revised  by  him.  And  all  such  es- 
timates shall  go  through  the  immediate  commander, 
if  such  there  be,  of  the  officer  rendering  the  estimate, 
as  of  the  post  or  regiment,  who  shall  be  required  by 
the  department  commander  to  revise  the  estimates  for 
the  service  of  his  own  command. 

891.. The  administrative  control  exercised  by  de- 
partment commanders  shall,  when  troops  are  in  the 
field,  devolve   on  the  commanders  of  divisions ;    or, 


155 

when  the  command  is  less  than  a  division,  on  the  com- 
mander of  the  whole. 

892.  .No  land  shall  be  purchased  for  the  Confede- 
rate States  except  under  a  law  authorizing  such  pur- 
chase. 

S93.  .No  public  money  shall  be  expended  for  the 
purchase  of  any  land,  nor  for  erecting  armories,  arse- 
nals, forts,  fortifications,  or  permanent  public  buildings, 
until  the  written  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General 
shall  be  had  in  favor  of  the  validity  of  the  title  to  the 
land  or  site,  nor,  if  the  land  be  within  any  state  of  the 
Confederate  States,  until  a  cession  of  the  jurisdiction 
by  the  legislature  of  the  state. 

S94..No  permanent  buildings  for  the  army,  as 
barracks,  quarters,  hospitals,  store-houses,  offices,  or 
stables,  or  piers,  or  wharves,  shall  be  erected  but  by 
order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  according  to  the 
plan  directed  by  him,  and  in  consequence  of  appropri- 
ations made  by  law.  And  no  alteration  shall  be  made 
in  any  such  public  building  without  authority  from 
the  War  Department. 

895.  .Complete  title  papers,  with  full  and  exact 
maps,  plans,  and  drawings  of  the  public  lands  pur- 
chased, appropriated,  or  designed  for  permanent  mili- 
tary fortifications,  will  be  collected,  recorded,  and 
filed  in  the  Bureau  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers ; 
of  the  public  lands  appropriated  or  designated  forarmo- 
ories,  arsenals,  and  ordnance  depots,  will  be  collected, 
recorded,  and  filed  in  the  Ordnance  Bureau  ;  of  all 
other  land  belonging  to  the  Confederate  States,  and 
under  the  charge  of  the  War  Department  for  barracks, 
posts,  cantonments,  or  other  military  uses,  will  be  col- 
lected, recorded,  and  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Quarter- 
master-General of  the  army. 

896.  .A  copy  of  the  survey  of  the  land  at  each  post, 
fort,  arsenal,  and  depot,  furnished  from  the  proper  bu- 


156 

Teau,  will  "be  carefully  preserved  in  the  office  of  the 
^commanding  officer. 


ARTICLE   XXXV. 

quartermaster's  department. 

897.. This  department  provides  the  quarters  and 
transportation  of  the  army  ;  storage  and  transporta- 
tion for  all  army  supplies  ;  army  clothing ;  camp  and 
.garrison  equipage;  cavalry  and  artillery  horses;  fuel; 
forage ;  straw,  and  stationery. 

898.  .The  incidental  expenses  of  the  army  paid 
through  the  Quartermaster's  Department  include  per 
-diem  to  extra-duty  men  ;  postage  on  public  service  ; 
the  expenses  of  courts-martial,  of  the  pursuit  and  ap- 
prehension of  deserters,  of  the  burials  of  officers  and 
.soldiers,  of  hired  escorts,  of  expresses,  interpreters, 
spies,  and  guides,  of  veterinary  surgeons  and  medicines 
for  horses,  and  of  supplying  posts  with  water ;  and 
•generally  the  proper  and  authorized  expenses   for  the 

movements  and  operations  of  an  army  not  expressly 
assigned  to  any  other  department. 

BARRACKS   AND    QUARTERS. 

899.  .Under  this  head  are  included  the  permanent 
buildings  for  the  use  of  the  army,  as  barracks,  quar- 
ters, hospitals,  store-houses,  offices,  stables. 

900.  .When  barracks  and  quarters  are  to  be  occu- 
pied, they  will  be  allotted  by  the  Quartermaster  at  the 
station,  under  the  control  of  the  commanding  officer. 

901.  .The  number  of  rooms  and  amount  of  fuel  for 
officers  and  men  are  as  follows  : 


157 


A  Brigadier-General  or  Colonel 

A  Lieutenant-Colonel  or  Major 

A  Captain  or  Chaplain 

Lieutenant 

The  General  commanding  the  Army 

The  commanding  officer  Of  a  division  or  department,  an  assistant 

or  deputy  Quartermaster-General 

The  commanding  officer  of  a   regiment  or  post.  Quartermaster, 

Assistant-Quartermaster  or  Commissary  of  Subsistence.... 
An  acting  Assistant-Quartermaster, when  approved  by  thcQuar- 

termaster-General 

Wagon  and  forage  master,  Sergeant-Major,  Ordnance  Sergeant, 

or  Quartermaster-Sergeant 

Each  non-commissioned  officer,  musician,  private,  officer's  ser- 
vant and  washerwoman 

Each  necessary  tire  for  the  sick  in  hospital  to  be  regulated  by  the 

surgeon  and  commanding  officer,  not  exceeding 

Each  guard -fire  to  be  regulated  by  the  commanding  officer,  not 

exceediug 

A  commissary  or  quartermaster's  store-house  when  necessary, 

not  exceediw) 

A  regiment  or  post  mess 

To  every  six  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians, privates  and 

washerwomen,  256  squaro  feet  of  room. 


Rooms. 


Cords  of 
Wood  per 
month.* 


fa 


s 


•  CO 


4 

3 
o 

3 


1 

1-6 

2 

3 

1 
1 


*  Or  coal  at  the  rate  of  1500  lbs.  anthracite,  or  30  bushels  bituminous  to  the  cord. 

902.  .Merchantable  hard  wood  is  the  standard ;  the 
cord  is  128  cubic  feet. 

903.  .No  officer  shall  occupy  more  than  his  proper 
quarters,  except  by  order  of  the  commanding  officer 
when  there  is  an  excess  of  quarters  at  the  station  ; 
which  order  the  quartermaster  shall  forward  to  the 
Quartermaster-General  to  be  laid  before  the  Secretary 
of  War.  But  the  amount  of  quarters  shall  be  re- 
duced pro  rata  by  the  commanding  officer  when  the 
number  of  officers  and  troops  make  it  necessary ;  and 
when  the  public  buildings  are  not  sufficient  to  quar- 
ter the  troops,  the  commanding  officer  shall  report 
to  the  commander  of  the  department  for  authority  to 
hire  quarters,  or  other  necessary  orders  in  the  case. 
The  department  commander  shall  report  the  case,  and 
his  orders  therein,  to  the  Quartermaster-General. 

N 


158 

904.. A  mess-room,  and  fuel  for  it,  are  allowed 
only  when  a  majority  of  the  officers  of  a  post  or  regi- 
ment unite  in  a  mess ;  never  to  less  than  three 
officers,  nor  to  any  who  live  in  hotels  or  boarding 
houses.  Fuel  for  a  mess-room  shall  not  be  used 
elsewhere,  or  for  any  other  purpose. 
,  905.  .Fuel  issued  to  officers  or  troops  is  public  pro- 
perty for  their  use  ;  what  they  do  not  actually  con- 
sume shall  be  returned  to  the  quartermaster  and  taken 
up  on  his  quarterly  return. 

906.  .Fuel  shall  be  issued  only  in  the  month  when 
due. 

907.  .In  allotting  quarters,  officers  shall  have  choice 
according  to  rank,  but  the  commanding  officer  may 
direct  the  officers  to  be  stationed  convenient  to  their 
troops. 

908.  .An  officer  may  select  quarters  occupied  by  a 
junior  ;  but,  having  made  his  choice,  he  must  abide  by 
it,  and  shall  not  again  at  the  post  displace  a  junior, 
unless  himself  displaced  by  a  senior. 

909.. The  set  of  rooms  to  each  quarters  will  be 
assigned  by  the  quartermaster,  under  the  control  of 
the  commanding  officer;   attics  not  counted  as  rooms. 

910.  .Officers  cannot  choose  rooms  in  different  sets 
of  quarters. 

911.  .When  public  quarters  cannot  be  furnished  to 
officers  at  stations  without  troops,  or  to  enlisted  men 
at  general  or  department  head-quarters,  quarters  will 

"be  commuted  at  a  rate  fixed  by  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  fuel  at  the  market  price  delivered.  When  fuel 
and  quarters  are  commuted  to  an  officer  by  reason  of 
his  employment  on  a  civil  work,  the  commutation 
shall  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  the  work. 
No  commutation  of  rooms  or  fuel  is  allowed  for  offices 
or  messes. 

912.  .An  officer  is  not  deprived  of  his  quarters  and 
fuel,  or  commutation,  at  his  station,  by  temporary 
absence  on  duty. 


159 

•  913.  .Officers  and  troops  in  the  field  are  not  enti- 
tled to  commutation  for  quarters  or  fuel. 

914.  .An  officer  arriving  at  a  station  shall  make  re- 
quisition on  the  quartermaster  for  his  quarters  and 
fuel,  accompanied  by  a  copy  of  the  order  putting  him 
on  duty  at  the  station.  If  in  command  of  troops,  his 
requisition  shall  be  for  the  whole,  and  designate  the 
number  of  officers  of  each  grade,  of  non-commissioned 
officers,  soldiers,  servants,  and  washerwomen. 

915.. Bunks,  benches,  and  tables  provided  for  sol- 
diers' barracks  and  hospitals,  are  not  to  be  removed 
from  them,  except  by  the  quartermaster  of  the  sta- 
tion, or  order  of  the  commanding  officer,  and  shall 
not  be  removed  from  the  station  except  by  order  of 
the  Quartermaster-General. 

916.. The  furniture  for  each  office  will  be  two 
common  desks  or  tables,  six  common  chairs,  one  pair 
common  andirons,  and  shovel  and  tongs. 

917.  .Furniture  will  be  provided  for  officers'  quar- 
ters when  special  appropriations  for  that  purpose  are 
made.  Sales  to  officers  of  materials  for  furniture  may 
be  made  at  cost,  at  posts  where  they  cannot  be  other- 
wise obtained. 

918.  .When  buildings  are  to  be  occupied  or  allotted, 
an  inspection  of  them  shall  be  made  by  the  command- 
ing officer  and  quartermaster.  Statements,  in  tripli- 
cate, of  their  condition,  and  of  the  fixtures  and  furni- 
ture in  each  room,  shall  be  made  by  the  quartermaster, 
and  revised  by  the  commanding  officer.  One  of  these 
shall  be  retained  by  the  commanding  officer,  one  by 
the  quartermaster,  and  the  third  forwarded  to  the 
Quartermaster-General. 

919.  .Like  inspection  of  all  buildings  in  the  use  of 
troops  will  be  made  at  the  monthly  inspections  of  the 
troops,  and  of  all  buildings  which  have  been  in  the 
use  of  officers  or  troops,  whenever  vacated  by  them. 
Damages  will  be  promptly   repaired  if  the   quarter- 


160 

master  has  the  means.  Commanding  officers  will  take 
notice,  as  a  military  offense,  of  any  neglect  by  any 
officer  or  soldier  to  take  proper  care  of  the  rooms  or 
furniture  in  his  use  or  occupancy  ;  but  such  officer  or 
soldier  may  be  allowed  to  pay  the  cost  of  the  repairs 
when  the  commanding  officer  deems  that  sufficient  in 
the  case.  Commanding  officers  are  required  to  report 
to  the  Quartermaster-General  their  proceedings  in  all 
cases  of  neglect  under  this  regulation. 

920.  .An  annual  inspection  of  the  public  buildings 
at  the  several  stations  shall  be  made  at  the  end  of 
June  by  the  commanding  officer  and  quartermaster, 
and  then  the  quartermaster  shall  make  the  following 
reports :  1st,  of  the  condition  and  capacity  of  the 
buildings,  and  of  the  additions,  alterations,  and  repairs 
that  have  been  made  during  the  past  year ;  2d,  of  the 
additions,  alterations,  and  repairs  that  are  needed, 
with  plans  and  estimates  in  detail. 

These  reports  the  commanding  officer  shall  exam- 
ine and  forward,  with  his  views,  to  the  Quartermaster- 
General. 

921.  .Necessary  repairs  of  public  buildings,  not 
provided  for  in  the  appropriations,  can  only  be  made 
by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

922.  .When  private  buildings  occupied  as  barracks 
or  quarters,  or  lands  occupied  for  encampments,  are 
vacated,  the  commanding  officer  and  quartermaster 
shall  make  an  inspection  of  them,  and  a  report  to  the 
Quartermaster-General  of  their  condition,  and  of  any 
injury  to  them  by  the  use  of  the  Confederate  States. 

923.  .Military  posts  evacuated  by  the  troops,  and 
lands  reserved  for  military  use,  will  be  put  in  charge 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  unless  otherwise 
specially  ordered. 

ARMY   TRANSPORTATION. 

924.. When  troops  are  moved,  or  officers  travel 
with  escorts  or  stores,  the  means  of  transport  provi- 


161 


ded  shall  be  for  the  whole  command.  Proper  orders 
in  the  case,  and  an  exact  return  of  the  command,  in- 
cluding officers'  servants  and  company  women,  will 
be  furnished  to  the  quartermaster  who  is  to  provide 
the  transportation. 

925.  .The  baggage  to  be  transported  is  limited  to 
camp  and  garrison  equipage,  and  officers'  baggage. 
Officers'  baggage  shall  not  exceed  (mess-chest  and  all 
personal  effects  included)  as  follows  : 


General  officers 
Field  officers.. 

Captains 

Subalterns 


In  the  field. 

1 25 

pounds. 

100 

u 

80 

u 

80 

(( 

Changing  stations. 


1000  pounds. 
800 
700 
600         " 


These  amounts  shall  be  reduced  pro  rata  by  the 
commanding  officer  when  necessary,  and  may  be 
increased  by  the  Quartermaster-General  on  transports 
by  water,  when  proper,  in  special  cases. 

926..  The  regimental  and  company  desk  prescribed 
in  army  regulations  will  be  transported  ;  also  for  staff 
officers,  the  books,  papers  and  instruments  necessary 
to  their  duties ;  and  for  medical  officers,  their  medical 
chest.  In  doubtful  cases  under  this  regulation,  and 
whenever  baggage  exceeds  the  regulated  allowance 
the  conductor  of  the  train,  or  officer  in  charge  of  the 
transportation,  will  report  to  the  commanding  officer, 
who  will  order  an  inspection,  and  all  excess  to  be  re- 
jected. 

927.  .Estimates  of  the  medical  director,  approved 
by  the  commanding  officer,  for  the  necessary  trans- 
portation to  be  provided  for  the  hospital  service,  will 
be  furnished  to  the  quartermaster. 

928.  .The  sick  will  be  transported  on  the  applica- 
tion of  the  medical  officers. 

Nl 


169 

929.  .Certified  invoices  of  all  public  stores  to  be 
transported  will  be  furnished  to  the  quartermaster 
by  the  officer  having  charge  of  them.  In  doubtful 
cases,  the  orders  of  the  commanding  officer  will  be 
required. 

930.  .Where  officers'  horses  are  to  be  transported, 
it  must  be  authorized  in  the  orders  for  the  move- 
ment. 

931.. The  baggage  trains,  ambulances,  and  all 
the  means  of  transport,  continue  in  charge  of  the 
proper  officers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department, 
under  the  control  of  the  commanding  officers. 

932.. In  all  cases  of  transportation,  whether  of 
troops  or  stores,  an  exact  return  of  the  amount  and 
kind  of  transportation  employed  will  be  made  by  the 
quartermaster  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  accom- 
panied by  the  orders  for  the  movement,  a  return  of 
the  troops,  and  an  invoice  of  the  stores. 

933.  .Wagons  and  their  equipments  for  the  trans- 
port service  of  the  army,  will  be  procured,  when 
practicable,  from  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  fab- 
ricated inHhe  government  establishments. 

934.. When  army  supplies  am  turned  over  to  a 
quartermaster  for  transportation,  each  package  shall 
be  directed  and  its  contents  marked  on  it;  and  dupli- 
cate invoices  and  receipts  in  bulk  will  be  exchanged 
between  the  issuing  and  forwarding  officer. 

935 . .  On  transports,  cabin  passage  will  be  provided 
for  officers,  and  reasonable  and  proper  accommoda- 
tion for  the  troops,  and,  when  possible,  a  separate 
apartment  for  the  sick. 

936.  .An  officer  who  travels  not  less  than  ten  miles 
without  troops,  escort,  or  military  stores,  and  under 
special  orders  in  the  case  from  a  superior,  or  a  summons 
to  attend  a  military  court,  shall  receive  ten  cents  mile- 
age, or,  if  he  prefer  it,  the  actual  cost  of  his  transporta- 
tion, and  of  the  transportation  of  his  allowance  of  bag- 
gage for  the  whole  journey,  provided  he  has  traveled  in 


163 

the  customary  reasonable  manner.  Mileage  will  not  be 
allowed  where  the  travel  is  by  government  conveyan- 
ces, which  will  be  furnished  in  case  of  necessity. 

937.  .If  the  journey  be  to  cash  treasury  drafts,  the 
necessary  and  actual  cost  of  transportation  only  will 
be  allowed ;  and  the  account  must  flescribe  the 
draft  and  state  its  amount,  and  set  out  the  items  of 
expense,  and  be  supported  by  a  certificate  that  the 
journey  was  necessary  to  procure  specie  for  the  draft 
at  par. 

938.. If  an  officer  shall  travel  on  urgent  public 
duty  without  orders,  he  shall  report  the  case  to  the 
superior  who  had  authority  to  order  the  journey;  and 
his  approval,  if  then  given,  shall  allow  the  actual  cost 
of  transportation.  Mileage  is  computed  by  the  short- 
est mail  route,  and  the  distance  by  the  General  Post- 
Office  book.  When  the  distance  can  not  be  so  ascer- 
tained, it  shall  be  reckoned  subject  to  the  decision  of 
the  Quartermaster-General. 

939.. Orders  to  an  officer  on  leave  of  absence  to 
rejoin  the  station  or  troops  he  left,  will  not  carry 
transportation. 

940.. In  changes  of  station,  an  officer  entitled  to 
mileage,  or  actual  cost  of  transportation,  shall  be  en- 
titled to  actual  cost  of  transportation  of  his  authorized 
servants  ;  and  in  other  cases  than  change  of  station,  an 
officer  entitled  to  transportation,  who,  from  wounds 
or  disability,  requires  and  takes  one  servant,  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  actual  cost  of  transportation  of  such 
servants. 

941 . .  Citizens  receiving  military  appointments  join 
their  stations  without  expense  to  the  public. 

942.  .But  assistant  surgeons  approved  by  an  exam- 
ining board  and  commissioned,  receive  transportation 
in  the  execution  of  their  first  order  to  duty,  and  grad- 
uates of  the  Military  Academy  receive  transportation 
from  the  academy  to  their  stations. 

943 . .  When  officers  are  permitted  to  exchange  sta- 


164 

tions,  the  public  will  not  be  put  to  expense  of  trans- 
portation, which  would  haye  been  saved  if  such  ex- 
change had  not  been  permitted. 

944.  .A  paymaster's  clerk  will  receive  the  actual 
expenses  of  his  transportation  while  traveling  under 
orders  in  the^discharge  of  his  duty,  upon  his  affidavit 
to  the  account  of  expenses,  and  the  certificate  of  the 
paymaster  that  the  journey  was  on  duty. 

945..  Travel  of  officers  on  business  of  civil  works 
will  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  the  work. 

946.  .No  officer  shall  have  orders  to  attend  person- 
ally at  the  seat  of  Government   to    the  settlement  of 
his  accounts,  except  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
on  the  report  of  the  bureau,  or  of  the  Treasury,  show- 
ing a  necessity  therefor. 

FORAGE. 

947.  .The  forage  ration  is  fourteen  pounds  of  hay, 
and  nine  pounds  of  oats,  corn,  or  barley. 

948.  .In  time  of  war,  officers  of  the  army  shall  be 
entitled  to  draw  forage  for  horses  according  to  grade, 
as  follows  :  a  Brigadier-General,  four  ;  the  Adjutant 
and  Inspector-General,  Quartermaster-General,  Com- 
issary-General,  and  the  Colonels  of  Engineers,  Artil- 
lery and  Cavalry,  three  each.  All  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nels and  Majors,  and  Captains  of  the  general  staff, 
Engineer  Corps,  Light  Artillery  and  Cavalry,  three 
each.  Lieutenants  serving  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
Lieutenants  of  Light  Artillery  and  of  Cavalry,  two 
each.  In  time  of  peace,  General  and  Field  Officers, 
three.  Officers  below  the  rank  of  Field  Officers  in 
the  general  staff,  Corps  of  Engineers,  Light  Artillery 
and  Cavalry,  two ;  provided,  in  all  cases,  that  the 
horses  are  actually  kept  in  service  and  mustered.  No 
enlisted  man  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States 
shall  be  employed  as  a  servant  by  any  officer  of  the 
army. 

949.  .No  officer  shall  sell  forage  issued  to  him.  Fo- 
rage issued  to  public  horses  or  cattle   is  public  prop- 


165 


Phe  allowance  and  change   of  straw  for  the 


erty;  what  they  do  not  actually  consume  to  be  prop- 
erly accounted  for. 

STRAW. 

950.. In  barracks,  twelve  pounds  of  straw  per 
month  for  bedding  will  be  allowed  to  each  man  and 
company  woman 

951 
sick  is  regulated  by  the  surgeon. 

952.  .One  hundred  pounds  per  month  is  allowed 
for  bedding  to  each  horse  in  public  service. 

953.. At  posts  near  prairie  land  owned  by  the 
Confederate  States,  hay  will  be  used  instead  of  straw, 
and  provided  by  the  troops. 

Straw  not  actually  used  as  bedding  shall  be  ac- 
counted for  as  other  public  property. 

STATIONERY. 

954.. Issues  of  stationery  are  made  quarterly,  in 
amount  as  follows : 


Commander  of  an  army,  department,  or  division,  [what  may 
bo  necessary  for  himself  and  stair  fur  their  public  duty  ] 

Commander  of  a  brigade,  for  himself  and  staff 

Officer  commanding  a  regiment  or  post  of  not  less  than  Ave 
companies,  tbr  himself  and  stall 

Officer  commanding  a  posj  of  mere  than  two  and  less  than 
five  companies 

Commanding  officer  of  a  post  of  two  companies 

Commanding  officer  of  a  post  of  one  company  or  less,  and 
commanding  officer  of  a  company 

A  Lieutenant-Colonel  or  Major  not  in  command  of  a  regi- 
ment or  post  

Officers  of  the  Inspector-General's.  Pay,  and  Quartermas- 
ter's Department,  [the  prescribed  blank  books  and 
printed  forms,  and  the  stationery  required  for  their  public 
duty.] 

All  officers,  includiug  Chaplains,  not  enumerated  above, 
when  on  duty  and  not  supplied  by  their  respective  de- 
partments      


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Steel  pens,  with  one  holder  to  twelve  pens,  may  be 
issued  in  place  of  quills,  and  envelopes  in  place  of  en- 
velope paper,  at  the  rate  of  100  to  the  quire. 

955.  .When  an  officer  is  relieved  in  command,  he 
shall  transfer  the  office  stationery  to  his  successor. 

956.  .To  each  office  table  is  allowed  one  inkstand, 
one  stamp,  one  paper-folder,  one  sand-box,  one  wafer- 
box,  and  as  many  lead  pencils  as  may  be  required, 
not  exceeding  four  per  annum. 

957.  .Necessary  stationery  for  military  courts  and 
boards  will  be  furnished  on  the  requisition  of  the  re- 
corder, approved  by  the  presiding  officer. 

95S.  .The  commander  of  an  army,  department,  or 
division,  may  direct  orders  to  be  printed,  when  the 
requisite  dispatch  and  the  number  to  be  distributed 
make  it  necessary.  The  necessity  will  be  set  out  in 
the  order  for  the  printing,  or  certified  on  the  account. 

959.  .Regimental,  company,  and  post  books,  and 
printed  blanks  for  the  officers  of  Quartermaster  and 
Pay  Departments,  will  be  procured  by  timely  requi- 
sition on  the  Quartermaster-General. 

960.  .Printed  matter  procured  by  the  Quartermaster- 
General  for  use  out  of  -* may  be  procured  else- 
where, at  a  cost  not  to  exceed  the  rates  prescribed  by 
Congress  for  the  public  printing  increased  by  the  cost 
of  transportation. 

EXPENSES    OF    COURTS-MARTIAL. 

961.  .An  officer  who  attends  a  general  court-mar- 
tial or  court  of  inquiry,  convened  by  authority  com- 
petent to  order  a  general  court-martial,  will  be  paid, 
if  the  court  is  not  held  at  the  station  where  he  is  at 
the  time  serving,  one  dollar  a  day  while  attending  the 
court  and  travelling  to  and  from  it  if  entitled  to  forage, 
and  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  a  day  if  not  en- 
titled to  forage. 

962.  .The  Judge  Advocate  or  Recorder  will  be 
paid  besides,  a  per  diem  of  one  dollar  and  twenty-five 


167 

cents  for  every  day  he  is  necessarily  employed  in  the 
duty  of  the  court.  When  it  is  necessary  to  employ  a 
clerk  to  aid  the  Judge  Advocate,  the  court  may  order 
it ;  a  soldier  to  be  procured  when  practicable. 

963.  .A  citizen  witness  shall  be  paid  his  actual 
transportation  or  stage  fare,  and  three  dollars  a  day 
while  attending  the  court  and  travelling  to  and  from 
it,  counting  the  travel  at  fifty  miles  a  day. 

964.  .The  certificate  of  the  judge  Advocate  shall 
be  evidence  of  the  time  of  attendance  on  the  court, 
and  of  the  time  he  was  necessarily  employed  in  the 
duty  of  the  court.  Of  the  time  occupied  in  travel- 
ing, each  officer  will  make  his  own  certificate. 

EXTRA-DUTY    MEN. 

965.  .Duplicate  rolls  of  the  extra-duty-men,  to  be 
paid  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  will  be 
made  monthly,  and  certified  by  the  quartermaster,  or 
other  officer  having  charge  of  the  work,  and  counter- 
signed by  the  commanding  officer.  One  of  these  will 
be  transmitted  direct  to  the  Quartermaster-General, 
and  the  other  filed  in  support  of  the  pay-roll. 

PUBLIC    POSTAGE. 

966.  .Postage  and  dispatches  by  telegraph,  on  pub- 
lic business,  paid  by  an  officer,  will  be  refunded  to 
him  on  his  certificate  to  the  account,  and  to    the    ne- 

,  cessity  of  the  communication  by  telegraph.  The 
amount  for  postage,  and  for  telegraph  dispatches,  will 
be  stated  separately. 

HORSES  FOR  MOUNTED  OFFICERS. 

967.  .In  the  field  or  on  the  frontier,  the  command- 
ing officer  may  authorize  a  mounted  officer,  who  can 
not  otherwise  provide  himself  with  two  horses,  to 
take  them  from  the  public  at  the  cost  price,  when  it 
can  be  ascertained,  and  when  not,  at  a  fair  valuation, 
to  be  fixed  by  a  board  of  survey,  provided  he  shall 
not  take  the  horse  of  any  trooper.  A  horse  so  taken 
shall    not    be   exchanged   or    returned.       Horses   of 


168 


mounted  officers  shall  be  shod  by  the  public  farrier  or 
blacksmith. 

CLOTHING,  CAMP  AND  GARRISON  EQUIPAGE. 

968.  .Supplies  of  clothing  and  camp  and  garrison 
equipage  will  be  sent  by  the  Quartermaster-General 
from  the  general  depot  to  the  officers  of  his  depart- 
ment stationed  with  the  troops. 

969.  .The  contents  of  each  package,  and  the  sizes 
of  clothing  in  it,  will  be  marked  on  it. 

970.. The  receiving  quartermaster  will  give  dupli- 
cate receipts  for  the  clothing  as  invoiced  to  him,  if  the 
packages  as  received  and  marked  agree  with  the 
invoice,  and  appear  rightly  marked,  and  in  good  order; 
if  otherwise,  an  inspection  will  be  made  by  a  board 
of  survey,  whose  report  in  case  of  damage  or  defici- 
ency will  be  transmitted,  one  copy  to  the  Quarter- 
master-General and  one  to  the  officer  forwarding  the 
supplies.  In  case  of  damage,  the  board  will  assess  the 
damage  to  each  article. 

97 i.  .ALLOWANCE  OF  CAMP  AND  GARRISON  EQUIPAGE. 


A  General 

Field  or  staff  officer  above  the  rank  of  Captain. 

Other  staff  officers  or  Captains 

Subalterns  of  a  company,  to  every  two 

To  every  15  foot  and  13  mounted  men . 


972.  .Bed-sacks  are  provided  for  troops  in  garrison, 
and  iron  pots  may  be  furnished  to  them  instead  of 
camp-kettles.  Requisitions  will  be  sent  to  the  Quar- 
termaster-General for  the  authorized  flags,  colors, 
standards,  guidons,  drums,  fifes,  bugles,  and  trumpets. 

ALLOWANCE  OF  CLOTHING. 

973.. A  soldier  is  allowed  the  uniform  clothing 
stated  in  the  following  table,  or  articles  thereof  of 


169 


equal  value.     When  a  balance  is  due  him  at  the  end 
of  a  year,  it  is  added  to  his  allowance  for  the  next: 


* 

FOK  THRBB  YJEAR8. 

;    Total 
in   the 
Sy'rs. 

1st. 

o 

I     1 
•2 

I 

I     ° 
4 

1     4 

i     i 

1     1 
i     1 

!  I 

2d. 

1 
1 
1 
2 
3 
2 
4  • 

3d. 

1 
1 

1 

O 

m 

3 
2 

4 
4 

4 

3 

A 

- 

fl 

12 
12 

i      ] 

1 

Stable-frock  [for  mounted  men] • 

1 

Fatigue  overalls  [for  engineers  and  ordnance] 

1 

i 

i   ! 

1      r, 

Blanket 

!          •' 

*  Mounted  men  may  receive  one  pair  of  "boots"  and  two  pairs  of  "boob 
instead  of  four  pairs  of  bootees, 

974.  .One  sash  is  allowed  to  each  company  for  the 
first  sergeant,  and  one  knapsack  with  straps,  haver- 
sack, and  canteen  witli  straps,  to  each  enlisted  man. 
These  and  the  metallic  scales,  letters,  numbers, 
castles,  shells,  and  flames,  and  the  camp  and  garri- 
son equipage,  will  not  be  returned  as  issued,  but 
borne  on  the  return  while  fit  for  service.  They  will 
be  charged  to  the  person  in  whose  use  they  are,  when 
lost  or  destroyed  by  his  fault. 

97-5.  .Commanders  of  companies  draw  the  clothing 
of  their  men,  and  the  camp  and  garrison  equipage  for 
the  officers  and  men  of  their  company.  The  camp 
and  garrison  equipage  of  other  officers  is  drawn  on 
their  own  receipts. 

976.  .When  clothing  is  needed  for  issue  to  the  men, 
the  company  commander  will  procure  it  from  the 
quartermaster  on  requisition,  approved  by  the  com- 
manding officer. 

977.  .Ordinarily  the  company  commander  will  pro- 
cure and  issue  clothing  to  his  men  twice  a  year;  at 
other  times,  when  necessary  in  special  cases. 

97S..Such  articles  of  clothing  as  the  soldier  may 

o 


170 

need  will  be  issued  to  him.  When  the  issues  equal 
in  value  his  allowance  for  the  year,  further  issues  are 
extra  issues,  to  be  charged  to  him  on  the  next  muster- 
roll. 

979.  .The  money  value  of  the  clothing,  and  of  each 
article  of  it,  will  be  ascertained  annually,  and  an- 
nounced in  orders  from  the  War  Department. 

980 . .  Officers  receiving  clothing,  or  camp  and  gar- 
rison equipage,  will  render  quarterly  returns  to  the 
Quartermaster-General. 

981.  .Commanders  of  companies  will  take  the  re- 
ceipts of  their  men  for  the  clothing  issued  to  them, 
on  a  receipt  roll,  witnessed  by  an  officer,  or  in  the 
absence  of  an  officer,  by  a  non-commissioned  officer ; 
the  witness  to  be  witness  to  the  fact  of  the  issue  and 
the  acknowledgment  and  signature  of  the  soldier. 
The  several  issues  to  a  soldier  to  be  entered  separ- 
ately on  the  roll,  and  all  vacant  spaces  on  the  roll  to 
be  filled  with  a  cipher.  This  roll  is  the  voucher  for 
the  issue  to  the  quarterly  return  of  the  company  com- 
mander.    Extra  issues  will  be  so  noted  on  the  roll. 

982.  .Each  soldier's  clothing  account  is  kept  by  the 
company  commander  in  a  company  book.  This  ac- 
count sets  out  only  the  money  value  of  the  clothing 
which  he  received  at  each  issue,  for  which  his  receipt 
is  entered  in  the  book,  and  witnessed  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding paragraph. 

983.  .When  a  soldier  is  transferred  or  detached,  the 
amount  due  to  or  by  him  on  account  of  clothing  will 
be  stated  on  his  descriptive  list. 

984.  .When  a  soldier  is  discharged,  the  amount  due 
to  or  by  him  for  clothing  will  be  stated  on  the  dupli- 
cate certificates  given  for  the  settlement  of  his  ac- 
counts. 

985.  .Deserters'  clothing  will  be  turned  into  store. 
The  invoice  of  it,  and  the  quartermaster's  receipt  for 
it,  will  state  its  condition,  and  the  name  of  the  de- 
serter. 


171 

986 . .  The  inspection  report  on  damaged  clothing 
shall  set  out,  with  the  amount  of  damage  to  each  ar- 
ticle, a  list  of  such  articles  as  are  fit  for  issue,  at  a  re- 
duced price  stated. 

987.  .Commanding  officers  may  order  necessary 
issues  of  clothing  to  prisoners  and  convicts,  taking  de- 
serters' or  other  damaged  clothing  when  there  is  such 
in  store. 

98S.  -In  all  cases  of  deficiency,  or  damage  of  any 
article  of  clothing,  or  camp  or  garrison  equipage,  the 
officer  accountable  for  the  property  is  required  by  law 
"  to  show  by  one  or  more  depositions  setting  forth 
the  circumstances  of  the  case,  that  the  deficiency  w7as 
by  unavoidable  accident  or  loss  in  actual  service,  with- 
out any  fault  on  his  part,  and  in  case  of  damage,  that 
due  care  and  attention  were  exerted  on  his  part,  and 
that  the  damage  did  not  result  from  neglect." 

RETURNS    IN    THE    QUARTERMASTER'S    DEPARTMENT. 

9S9..A11  officers  and  agents  having  money  and 
property  of  the  Department  to  account  for,  are  re- 
quired to  make  the  monthly  and  quarterly  returns  to 
the  Quartermaster-General  prescribed  in  the  follow- 
ing articles: 

990.  .Monthly  returns,  to  be  transmitted  within 
five  days  after  the  month  to  which  they  relate,  viz.  : 
A  summary  statement  (Form  1);  report  of  persons 
and  things  (Form  2) ;  roll  of  extra-duty  men  (Form 
3);  report  of  stores  for  transportation,  &c.  (Form  4); 
return  of  animals,  wagons,  harness,  &c.  (Form  5);  re- 
port of  forage  (Form  6);  report  of  fuel  and  quarters 
commuted  (Form  7);  report  of  pay  due  (Form  S);  an 
estimate  of  funds  for  one  month  (Form  9)  will  be  sent 
with  the  monthly  returns.  It  will  be  for  the  current 
month,  or  such  subsequent  month  as  may  give  time 
to  receive  the  remittance.  Other  special  estimates 
will  be  transmitted  when  necessary. 


172 

991.  .Quarterly  returns,  to  be  transmitted  within 
twenty  days  after  the  quarter  to  which  they  relate, 
viz. :  An  account  current  of  money  (Form  10),  with 
abstracts  and  vouchers,  as  shown  in  Forms  Nos.  11  to 
22  ;  a  return  of  property  (Form  23),  with  abstracts 
and  vouchers,  as  shown  in  Forms  Nos.  24  to  45  ;  a 
duplicate  of  the  property  return  without  abstracts  or 
vouchers  ;  and  a  quarterly  statement  of  the  allowances 
paid  to  officers  (Form  46). 

992.  .A  distinct  account  current  will  be  returned 
of  money  received  and  disbursed  under  the  appropri- 
ation for  "  contingencies  of  the  army."  (See  Forms 
Nos.  47,  48,  and  22,  for  the  forms  of  the  account 
current,  abstracts,  and  vouchers.)  Necessary  expendi- 
tures by  the  quartermaster  for  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment are  entered  on  abstract  C.  (See  Forms  49  and 
50.)  The  account  will,  ordinarily,  be  transferred  from 
"  army  contingencies  "  to  the  appropriation  for  the 
Medical  and  Hospital  Department,  in  the  Treasury. 

993.  .Forms  51  and  52  are  the  forms  of  the  quar- 
terly returns  of  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage, 
and  the  receipt-roll  of  issues  to  soldiers. 

994.  .When  persons  and  articles  hired  in  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department  are  transferred,  a  descriptive 
list  (Form  53)  will  be  forwarded  with  them  to  the 
quartermaster  to  whom  they  are  sent. 

995.. Officers,  serving  in  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment will  report  to  the  Quartermaster-General 
useful  information  in  regard  to  the  routes  and  means 
of  transportation  and  of  supplies. 

AKTICLE  XXXVI. 

PAY    DEPARTMENT. 

996:  .The  troops  will  be  paid  in  such  manner  that 
the  arrears  shall  at  no  time  exceed  two  months,  unless 
the  circumstances  of  the  case  render  it  unavoidable, 
which  the  quartermaster  charged  with  the  payment 
shall  promptly  report  to  the  Quartermaster-General. 


173 

997.  .The  Quartermaster-General  shall  take  care, 
by  timely  remittances,  that  the  quartermasters  have 
the  necessary  funds  to  pay  the  troops,  and  shall  no- 
tify the  remittances  to  the  quartermasters  and  com- 
manding officers  of  the  respective  pay  districts. 

99&.  .The  payments,  except  to  officers  and  dis- 
charged soldiers,  shall  be  made  on  muster  and  pay 
rolls ;  those  of  companies  and  detachments,  signed 
by  the  company  or  detachment  commander ;  of 
the  hospitals,  signed  by  the  surgeon  ;  and  all  muster 
and  pay-rolls,  signed  by  the  mustering  and  inspecting 
officer.  * 

999.  .When  a  company  is  paraded  for  payment,  the 
officer  in  command  of  it  shall  attend  at  the  pay- 
table. 

1000.  .When  a  receipt  on  a  pay-roll  or  account  is 
not  signed  by  the  hand  of  the  party,  the  payment 
must  be  witnessed.  The  witness  to  be  a  commis- 
sioned officer  when  practicable. 

1001.  .Officers  are  paid  on  certified  accounts,  as  in 
Form  3  ;  discharged  soldiers,  on  accounts  according 
to  Form  5,  and  certificates,  form  4.  An  officer  reti- 
ring from  service  must  make  affidavit  to  his  pay  ac- 
count, and  to  the  certificate  annexed  to  it,  and  state 
his  place  of  residence,  and  the  date  when  his  resig- 
nation or  removal  takes  effect.  Pay  accounts  of  post 
chaplains  are  to  be  certified  by  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  post. 

1002.  .When  an  officer  is  dismissed  from  the  ser- 
vice, he  shall  not  be  entitled  to  pay  beyond  the  day 
on  which  the  order  announcing  his  dismissal  is  re- 
ceived at  the  post  where  he  may  be  stationed, 
unless  a  particular  day  beyond  the  time  is  mentioned 
in  the  order. 

1003.  .No  officer  shall  receive  pay  for  two  staff" 
appointments  for  the  same  time. 

1004.  .Officers  are  entitled  to  pay  from  the  date  of 

ol 


174 

the  acceptance  of  their  appointments,  and  from  the 
date  of  promotion. 

1005.  .No  account  of  a  restored  officer  for  the  time 
he  was  out  of  service  can  be  paid,  without  order  of 
the  War  Department. 

1006.. As  far  as  practicable  officers  are  to  draw 
their  pay  from  the  quartermaster  of  the  district  where 
they  may  be  on  duty. 

1007.  .No  officer  shall  pass  away  or  transfer  his 
pay  account  not  actually  due  at  the  time  ;  and  when 
an  officer  transfers  his  pay  account,  he  shall  report 
the  fact  to  the  Quartermaster-General,  and  to  the 
quartermaster  expected  to  pay  it. 

1008.  .No  person  in  the  military  service,  while  in 
arrears  to  the  Confederate  States,  shall  draw  pay. 
When  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  find,  by  report  of 
the  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  or  otherwise,  that 
an  officer  of  the  army  is  in  arrears  to  the  Confederate 
States,  the  Quartermaster-General  shall  be  directed  to 
stop  his  pay  to  the  amount  of  such  arrears,  by  giving 
notice  thereof  to  the  quartermasters  of  the  army,  and 
to  the  officer,  who  may  pay  over  the  amount  to  any 
quartermaster.  And  no  quartermaster  shall  make  to 
him  any  payment  on  account  of  pay  until  he  exhibits 
evidence  of  having  refunded  the  amount  of  the  ar- 
rears, or  that  his  pay  accrued  and  stopped  is  equal  to 
it,  or  until  the  stoppage  is  removed  by  the  Quarter- 
master-General. 

1009.  .No  officer  or  soldier  shall  receive  pay  or 
allowance  for  any  time  during  which  he  was  absent 
without  leave,  unless  a  satisfactory  excuse  for  such 
absence  be  rendered  to  his  commanding  officer,  evi- 
dence of  which,  in  case  of  an  officer,  shall  be  annexed 
to  his  pay  account. 

1010.  .Every  deserter  shall  forfeit  all  pay  and  al- 
lowances due  at  the  time  of  desertion.  Stoppages 
and  fines  shall  be  paid  from  his  future  earnings,  if  he 


175 

is  apprehended  and  continued   in    service  ;  otherwise, 
from  his  arrears  of  pay. 

1011.  .No  deserter  shall  receive  pay  before  trial,  or 
till  restored  to  duty  without  trial  by  the  authority 
competent  to  order  the  trial. 

1012.  .In  case  of  a  soldier's  death,  desertion  or  dis- 
charge without  pay,  or  the  forfeiture  of  his  pay  by 
sentence  of  court-martial,  the  amount  due  the  laun- 
dress will  be  noted  on  the  muster-roll. 

1013.  .When  an  improper  payment  has  been  made 
to  any  enlisted  soldier,  and  disallowed  in  the  settle- 
ment of  the  quartermaster's  accounts,  the  quartermas- 
ter may  report  the  fact  to  the  commander  of  the  com- 
pany in  which  the  soldier  is  mustered,  who  will  note 
on  the  muster-rolls  the  amount  to  be  stopped  from 
the  pay  of  the  soldier,  that  it  may  be  refunded  to  the 
quartermaster  in  whose  accounts  the  improper  pay- 
ment has  been  disallowed. 

1014.  .Authorized  stoppages  to-  reimburse  the  Con- 
federate States,  as  for  loss  or  damage  to  arms,  equip- 
ments, or  other  public  property;  for  extra  issues  of 
clothing  ;  for  the  expense  o*f  apprehending  deserters, 
or  to  reimburse  individuals  (as  the  quartermaster, 
laundress,  &c);  forfeitures  for  desertion,  and  fines  by 
sentence  of  court-martial,  will  be  entered  on  the  roll 
and  paid  in  the  order  stated. 

1015.  .The  quartermaster  will  deduct  from  the  pay 
of  the  soldier  the  amount  of  the  authorized  stoppages 
entered  on  the  muster-roll,  descriptive  list,  or  certifi- 
cate of  discharge. 

1016.  .The  traveling  pay  is  due  to  a  discharged 
officer  or  soldier,  unless  forfeited  by  sentence  of  a 
court-martial,  or  as  provided  in  Paragraph  1018,  or 
the  discharge  is  by  way  of  punishment  for  an  of- 
fence. 

1017.  .In  reckoning  the  traveling  allowance  to  dis- 
charged officers  or  soldiers,  the  distance  is  to  be  esti- 


176 

mated  by  the  shortest  mail  route ;  if  there  is  no  mail 
route,  by  the  shortest  practicable  route. 

1018.. Every  enlisted  man  discharged  as  a  minor, 
or  for  other  cause  involving  fraud  on  his  part  in 
the  enlistment,  or  discharged  by  the  civil  authority, 
shall  forfeit  all  pay  and  allowances  due  at  the  time,  of 
the  discharge. 

101  J.  .Quartermasters  or  other  officers  to  whom  a 
discharged  soldier  may  apply,  shall  transmit  to  the 
Quartermaster-General,  with  their  remarks,  any  evi- 
dence the  soldier  may  furnish  in  relation  to  his  not 
having  received  or  having  lost  his  certificates  of  pay 
due.  The  Quartermaster-General  will  transmit  the 
evidence  to  the  Comptroller  for  the  settlement  of  the 
account. 

1020.  .No  quartermaster  or  other  officer  shall  be 
interested  in  the  purchase  of  any  soldier's  certificate 
of  pay  due,  or  other  claim  against  the  Confederate 
States. 

1021.  .The  Quartermaster-General  will  report  to 
the  Adjutant-General  any  case  of  neglect  of  company 
officers  to  furnish  the  proper  certificates  to  soldiers 
entitled  to  discharge. 

1022.  .Whenever  the  garrison  is  withdrawn  from 
any  post  at  which  a  chaplain  is  authorized  to  be  em- 
ployed, his  pay  and  emoluments  shall  cease  on  the 
last  day  of  the  month  next  ensuing  after  the  with- 
drawal of  the  troops.  The  Quartermaster-General 
will  be  duly  informed  from  the  Adjutant-General's 
office  whenever  the  appointment  and  pay  of  the  post 
chaplain  will  cease  under  this  regulation. 

1023.  .Funds  turned  over  to  other  quartermasters, 
or  refunded  to  the  Treasury,  are  to  be  entered  in  ac- 
counts current,  but  not  in  the  abstracts  of  payments. 

1024.  .Whenever  money  is  refunded  to  the  Trea- 
sury, the  name  of  the  person  refunding,  and  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  is   done,  should   be  stated,  in  order 


177 

that  the  officers  of  that   Department   may   give  the 
proper  credits. 

1025.  .When  an  officer  of  the  army  receives  a  tem- 
porary appointment  from  the  proper  authority  to  a 
grade  in  the  militia  then  in  actual  service  of  the  Con- 
federate States  higher  in  rank  than  that  held  by  him 
in  the  army,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  the  pay  and  emol- 
uments of  the  grade  in  which  he  serves.  But  in  no 
case  can  an  officer  receive  the  compensation  of  two 
military  commissions  or  appointments  at  the  same 
time. 

1026.  .Whenever  the  Quartermaster-General  shall 
discover  that  an  officer  has  drawn  pay  twice  for  the 
same  time,  he  shall  report  it  to  the  Adjutant-General. 

1027.. The  Quartermaster-General  shall  transmit 
to  the  Second  Auditor,  in  the  month  of  May,  a  state- 
ment exhibiting  the  total  amount  during  the  year  up 
to  the  31st  December  preceding,  of  stoppages  against 
officers  and  soldiers  on  account  of  ordnance  and  ord- 
nance stores,  that  the  amount  may  be  refunded  to  the 
proper  appropriations.  These  stoppages  will  be  reg- 
ulated by  the  tables  of  cost  published  by  the  chief  of 
the  Ordnance  Department,  and  shall  have  precedence 
of  all  other  claims  on  the  pay  of  officers  and  soldiers. 

102S.  .The  following  returns  are  to  be  transmitted 
to  the  Quartermaster-General  after  each  payment : 

1st.  Estimate  for  succeeding  months  (Form  1).4 

2d.  Abstracts  of  payments  (Form  6),  accompanied 
by  the  vouchers. 

3d.  General  account   current,  in   duplicate   (Form 

7)- 

4th.  Monthly  statement    of  funds,    disbursements, 

&c.  (Form  9). 

1029.  .The  accounts  and  vouchers  for  the  expendi- 
tures to  the  regular  aimy  must  be  kept  separate  and 
distinct  from  those  to  volunteers  and  militia. 

1030.  .Pay-roll   of   militia   will    be   according   to 


178 

Form  8,  the  certificate  at  the  foot  to  be  signed  by  all 
the  company  officers  present. 

1031.  .No  militia  or  volunteers  shall  be  paid  till 
regularly  mustered  into  service,  as  provided  in  the 
General  Regulations. 

1032.  .When  volunteers  are  furnished  with  cloth- 
ing, by  tailors  or  other  persons,  the  furnisher  may  se- 
cure his  pay  at  the  first  payment  of  the  company, 
upon  presenting  to  the  paying  Quartermaster  the 
receipt  of  the  individual  furnished,  verified  by  the 
certificate  of  the  Captain  as  to  its  correctness — but 
this  receipt  will  not  be  respected  for  an  amount  above 
the  twenty-one  dollars  allowed  in  lieu  of  clothing  for 
six  months. 


ARTICLE  XXXVII. 

SUBSISTENCE    DEPARTMENT. 
THE  RATION. 

1033.. The  ration  is  three-fourths  of  a  pound  of 
pork  or  bacon,  or  one  and  a  fourth  pounds  of  fresh  or 
salt  beef;  eighteen  ounces  of  bread  or  flour,  or  twelve 
ounces  of  hard  bread,  or  one  and  a  fourth  pounds 
corn  meal,  and  at  the  rate,  to  one  hundred  rations,  of 
eight  quarts  of  peas  or  beans,  or,  in  lieu  thereof,  ten 
pounds  of  rice ;  ten  pounds  coffee ;  fifteen  pounds 
sugar  ;  four  quarts  of  vinegar  ;  one  and  a  half  pounds 
of  tallow,  or  one  and  a  fourth  pounds  adamantine,  or 
one  pound  sperm  candles ;  four  pounds  of  soap,  and 
two  quarts  of  salt. 

1034.. The  annexed  table  shows  the  quantity  of 
each  part  of  the  ration  in  any  number  of  rations  from 
one  to  ten  thousand. 

1035.  .On  a  campaign,  or  on  marches,  or  on  board 
of  transports,  the  ration  of  hard  bread  is  one  pound. 

issues. 

1036.  .Returns  for  issues  to  companies  will,  when 
practicable,  be  consolidated  for  the  post  or  regiment 


179 

(see  Form  14).  At  the  end  of  the  month,  the  issuing 
commissary  will  make  duplicate  abstracts  of  the 
issues,  which  the  commanding  officer  will  compare 
with  the  original  returns,  and  certify  (see  Form  2). 
This  abstract  is  a  voucher  of  the  issue  for  the  mouthy 
return. 

1037.  .Issues  to  the  hospital  will  be  on  returns  by 
the  medical  officer,  for  such  provisions  only  as  are  actu- 
ally required  for  the  sick  and  the  attendants.  The 
cost  of  such  part  of  the  ration  as  are  issued  will  be 
charged  to  the  hospital  at  contract  or  cost  prices,  and 
the  hospital  will  be  credited  by  the  whole  number  of 
complete  rations  due  through  the  month  at  contract 
or  cost  prices  (see  Form) ;  the  balance  constituting 
the  Hospital  Fund,  or  any  portion  of  it,  may  be 
expended  by  the  commissary,  on  the  requisition  of 
the  medical  officer,  in  the  purchase  of  any  article  for 
the  subsistence  or  comfort  of  the  sick,  not  authorized 
to  be  otherwise  furnished  (see  Form  3).  At  large 
depots  or  general  hospitals,  this  fund  may  be  partly 
expended  for  the  benefit  of  dependent  posts  or  de- 
tachments, on  requisitions  approved  by  the  medical 
director  or  senior  Surgeon  of  the  district.  On  the  1st 
of  January,  each  year,  one-fourth  of  every  hospital 
fund  if  less  than  $150,  and  one-half  if  more,  will  be 
dropped  by  the  commissary  from  the  fund  (Form  3), 
and  will  be  paid  over  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Mili- 
tary Asylum  by  the  Commissary-General. 

1038.. The  articles  purchased  for  the  hospital,  as 
well  as  those  issued  from  the  subsistence  store-house, 
will  be  included  in  the  Surgeon's  certificate  of  issues 
to  the  hospital,  and  borne  on  the  monthly  return  of 
provisions  received  and  issued.  Vouchers  for  pur- 
chases for  the  hospital  must  either  be  certified  by  the 
Surgeon  or  accompanied  by  his  requisition. 

1039.  .Abstracts  of  the  issues  to  the  hospital  will 
be  made  by  the  commissary,    certified    by  the  Sur- 


180 

geon,   and  countersigned  by  the  commanding  officer 
(see  Form  3). 

1040.  .In  order  that  the  authorized  women  of  com- 
panies may  draw  their  rations  while  temporarily 
separated  from  their  companies,  the  officer  command- 
ing the  company  must  make  a  report  to  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  post  where  the  women  may 
be  left,  designating  such  as  are  to  draw  rations  as 
attached  to  his  company.  Their  rations  are  not  com- 
muted, and  they  can  only  draw  them  at  a  military 
post  or  station  where  there  are  sujiplies. 

1041.  .Issues  to  volunteers  and  militia,  to  sailors,  to 
marines,  to  citizens  employed  by  any  of  the  depart- 
ments, or  to  Indians,  will  be  entered  on  separate  ab- 
stracts to  the  monthly  return. 

1042.. An  extra  issue  of  fifteen  pounds  of  tallow 
or  ten  of  sperm  candles,  per  month,  may  be  made  to 
the  principal  guard  of  each  camp  and  garrison,  on  the 
order  of  the  commanding  officer.  Extra  issues  of 
soap,  candles,  and  vinegar,  are  permitted  to  the  hos- 
pital when  the  Surgeon  does  not  avail  himself  of  the 
commutation  of  the  hospital  rations,  or  when  there 
is  no  hospital  fund ;  salt  in  small  quantities  may  be 
issued  for  public  horses  and  cattle.  When  the  officers 
of  the  Medical  Department  find  anti-scorbutics  neces- 
sary for  the  health  of  the  troops,  the  commanding 
officer  may  order  issues  of  fresh  vegetables,  pickled 
onions,  sour  krout,  or  molasses,  with  an  extra  quan- 
tity of  lice  and  vinegar.  (Potatoes  are  usually  issued 
at  the  rate  of  one  pound  per  ration,  and  onions  at  the 
rate  of  three  bushels  in  lieu  of  one  of  beans.)  Oc- 
casional issues  (extra)  of  molasses  are  made — two 
quarts  to  one  hundred  rations — and  of  dried  apples 
of  from  one  to  one  and  a  half  bushels  to  one  hundred 
rations.  Troops  at  sea  are  recommended  to  draw 
rice  and  an  extra  issue  of  molasses  in  lieu  of  beans. 
When  anti-scorbiUics  are  issued,    the  medical  officer 


181 

will  certify  the  necessity,  and  the  circumstances 
which  cause  it,  upon  the  abstract  of  extra  issues  (see 
Form  4). 

1043.  .When  men  leave  their  company,  the  rations 
they  have  drawn,  and  left  with  it,  will  be  deducted 
from  the  next  return  for  the  company ;  a  like  rule 
when  men  are  discharged  from  the  hospital  will 
govern  the  hospital  return. 

SUBSISTENCE   TO    OFFICERS. 

1044.. An  officer  may  draw  subsistence  stores, 
paying  cash  for  them  at  contract  or  cost  prices,  with- 
out including  cost  of  transportation,  on  his  certificate 
that  they  are  for  his  own  use  and  the  use  of  his  fam- 
ily. These  certified  lists  the  commanding  officer  shall 
compare  with  the  monthly  abstracts  of  sales,  which 
he  shall  countersign.  The  commissary  will  enter  the 
sales,  on  his  monthly  return,  and  credit  the  money  in 
his  quarterly  account  current. 

COMMUTATION    OF   RATIONS. 

1045.  .When  a  soldier  is  detached  on  duty,  and  it 
is  impracticable  to  carry  his  subsistence  with  him,  it 
will  be  commuted  at  seventy-five  cents  a  day,  to  be 
paid  by  the  commissary  when  due,  or  in  advance,  on 
the  order  of  the  commanding  officer.  The  officer  de- 
taching the  soldier  wTill  certify,  on  the  voucher,  that 
it  is  impracticable  for  him  to  carry  his  rations,  and 
the  voucher  will  show  on  its  face  the  nature  and  ex- 
tent of  the  duty  the  soldier  was  ordered  to   perform. 

1046.  .The  expenses  of  a  soldier  placed  temporarily 
in  a  private  hospital,  on  the  advice  of  the  senior  Sur- 
geon of  the  post  or  detachment,  sanctioned  by  the 
commanding  officer,  will  be  paid  by  the  Subsistence 
Department,  not  to  exceed  seventy-five  cents  a  day. 

1047.  .The  ration  of  a  soldier  stationed  in  a  city, 
with  no  opportunity  of  messing,  will  be  commuted 
at  forty  cents.  The  rations  of  the  non-commissioned 
regimental   staff  and   ordnance  sergeants,  when  they 

p 


182 

have  no  opportunity  of  messing,  and  of  soldiers  on 
furlough,  or  stationed  where  rations  can  not  be  issued 
in  kind,  may  be  commuted  at  the  cost  or  value  of  the 
ration  at  the  post. 

1048.  .When  a  soldier  on  duty  has  necessarily  paid 
for  his  own  subsistence,  he  may  be  refunded  the  cost 
of  the  ration.  When  more  than  the  cost  of  the  ration 
is  claimed,  the  account  must  be  submitted  to  the 
Commissary-General . 

EXTRA-DUTY   MEN. 

1049 . .  The  commanding  officer  will  detail  a  suita- 
ble non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier  for  extra 
duty,  under  the  orders  of  the  commissary,  and  to  be 
exempt  from  ordinary  company  and  garrison  duty. 
All  extra-duty  men  employed  in  the  Commissariat 
will  be  paid  the  regulated  allowance  (see  Article 
XXXIII.)  by  the  commissary,  if  not  paid  extra  pay 
in  any  other  department. 

1050.  .Barrels,  boxes,  hides,  &c,  will  be  sold,  and 
the  proceeds  credited  in  the  quarterly  account  current, 

MODE  OF  ASCERTAINING  THE  HOSPITAL  RATION  I 

One  Hundred  complete  Rations  consist  of,  say — 

COST. 

32  rations  of  fresh  beef,  is  40  lbs.  at  4c $1  60 

68  "           pork,  is  51  lbs.  at  6c 3  06 

100  "           Hour,  is  112  lbs.  at  2c 2  25 

(  100  "  beans,  is  8  qts.  at  4c.  .32  } 

1    or  >  -  -  0  46 

(  100  "  rice,  is  10  lbs.  at  6c.  .  .60  ) 

100  "           coffee,  is  10  lbs.  at  9c 0  90 

100  "           sugar,  is  15  lbs.  at  8c 1  20 

100  "           vinegar,  is  4  qts.  at  5c 0  20 

100  "           candles,  is  lj  lbs.  at  12c 0  18 

100  "            soap,  is  4  lbs.  at  6c 0  24 

100  "           salt,  is  2  qts.  at  3c ,.  0  06 

Cost  of  one  hundred  rations,  $10  15 
or,  10  cents  15  mills  per  ration. 


183 
ARTICLE  XXXVIII. 

RECRUITING      SERVICE. 

1051.  .The  recruiting  service  will  be  conducted  by 
the  Adjutant-General,  under  the  direction  of  the  Sec- 
retary of  War. 

1052.  .Field  officers  will  be  detailed  to  superintend 
the  recruiting  districts,  and  lieutenants  to  take  charge 
of  the  recruiting  parties.  The  recruiting  service  will 
form  a  special  roster.  The  Adjutant-General  will  de- 
tail the  field  officers,-  and  announce  in  orders  the 
number  of  lieutenants  to  be  detailed  from  each 
regiment  by  the  Colonel.  When  the  detail  is  not 
according  to  the  roster,  the  special  reason  of  the 
case  shall  be  reported  and  laid  before  the  Secretary 
of  War. 

1053.  .A  recruiting  party  will  consist  generally  of 
one  lieutenant,  one  non-commissioned  officer,  two 
privates,  and  a  drummer  and  filer.  The  parties  will 
be  sent  from  the  principal  depots,  and  none  but  suita- 
ble men  selected. 

1054.  .Officers  on  the  general  recruiting  service  are 
not  to  be  ordered  on  any  other  duty,  except  from  the 
Adjutant-General's  office. 

1055.  .As  soon  as  a  recruiting  station  is  designated, 
the  superintendent  sends  estimates  for  funds  to  the 
Adjutant-General,  and  requisitions  on  the  proper 
departments  (through  the  Adjutant-General)  for  clo- 
thing, camp  equipage,  arms,  and  accoutrements. 

1056.  .Subsequent  supplies  for  the  station  in  his 
district  are  procured  by  the  superintendent  on  con- 
solidated estimates ;  these  are  made  quarterly  for 
funds,  and  every  six  or  twelve  months  for  clothing, 
equipage,  arms,  and  accoutrements.  Estimates  for 
funds  will  be  in  the  following  form  : 


184 


Estimate  of  Recruiting  Funds  required  for  the 

during  the  quarter  ending ,  18  6-. 


Names. 

M 

o 

a 

5b 

01 

a 

Amount  ex- 
pended last 
quarter. 

Amount  on 
hand. 

Amount 
required . 

Remarks . 

Dolls. 

Cts. 

.Dolls 

Cts . 

Dolis. 

Cts. 

• 

Tot.nl  am  omit  roou 

red 

Superintendent 


1057.. Funds  and  supplies  of  clothing,  camp  and 
garrison  equipage,  arms  and  accoutrements,  when 
ordered,  will  be  sent  direct  to  each  station. 

1058.. For  subsistence  to  recruiting  stations,  see 
regulations  of  the  Subsistence  Department.  When 
army  rations  are  issued  for  recruits,  savings  on  the 
rations  shall  be  applied  for  their  benefit,  as  in  com- 
panies. 

1059.. The  superintendents  will  transmit  to  the 
Adjutant-General  consolidated  monthly  returns  of  the 
recruiting  parties  under  their  superintendence,  ac- 
cording to  directions  on  the  printed  blanks,  accom- 
panied by  one  copy  of  the  enlistment  of  each  recruit 
enlisted  within  the  month. 

1060.  .When  recruits  should  be  sent  to  regiments, 
a  superintendent  will  report  to  the  Adjutant-General 
for  instructions  in  reference  thereto. 

1061.  .When  recruits  are  sent  from  a  depot  or  ren- 
dezvous to  a  regiment  or  post,  a  muster  and  descriptive 
roll,  and  an  account  of  clothing  of  the  detachment,  will 
be  given  to  the  officer  assigned  to  the  command  of  it. 
And  a  duplicate  of  the  muster  and  descriptive  roll 
will  be  forwarded  to  the  Adjutant-General  by  the  su- 


185 

perintendent,  who  will  note  on  it  the  names  of  all  the 
officers  on  duty  with  the  detachment,  and  the  day  of 
its  departure  from  the  depot  or  rendezvous. 

1062.  .The  superintendent  will  report  all  commis- 
sioned or  non-commissioned  officers  who  may  be  in- 
capable or  negligent  in  the  discharge  of  their  func- 
tions. Where  a  recruiting  party  fails  to  get  recruits 
from  any  cause  other  than  the  fault  of  the  officer,  the 
superintendent  will  recommend  another  station  for 
the  party. 

1063..  When  a  rendezvouses  closed,  the  superin- 
tendent will  give  the  necessary  instructions  for  the 
safe-keeping  or  disposal  of  the  public  property,  so  as 
not  to  involve  any  expense  for  storage. 

1064.  .Tours  of  inspection  by  superintendents  will 
be  made  only  on  instruction  from  the  Adjutant-Gene- 
ral's office.  Officers  on  the  recruiting  service  will 
not  be  sent  from  place  to  place  without  orders  from 
the  same  source.  Recruiting  officers  will  in  no  case 
absent  themselves  from  their  stations  without  au- 
thority from  the  superintendent. 

1065.  .They  will  not  allow  any  man  to  be  deceived 
or  inveigled  into  the  service  by  false  representations, 
but  will  in  person  explain  the  nature  of  the  service, 
the  length  of  the  term,  the  pay,  clothing,  rations,  and 
other  allowances  to  which  a  soldier  is  entitled  by  law, 
to  every  man  before  he  signs  the  enlistment. 

1066.. With  the  sanction  of  superintendents,  re- 
cruiting officers  may  insert,  in  not  exceeding  two 
newspapers,  brief  notices  directing  attention  to  the 
rendezvous  for  further  information 

1067.  -Any  free  white  male  person  above  the  age 
of  eighteen  and  under  thirty-five  years,  being  at  least 
five  feet  four  and  a  half  inches  high,  effective,  able- 
bodied,  sober,  free  from  disease,  of  good  character  and 
habits,  and  with  a  competent  knowledge  of  the  Eng- 
lish language,  may  be  enlisted.     This  regulation,  so 

Pl 


186 

far  as  respects  the  height  and  age  of  the  recruit,  shall 
not  extend  to  musicians  or  to  soldiers  who  may  "  re- 
enlist"  or  have  served  honestly  and  faithfully  a  pre- 
vious enlistment  in  the  army. 

1068.  .No  man  having  a  wife  or  child  shall  be  en- 
listed in  time  of  peace  without  special  authority  ob- 
tained from  the  Adjutant-General's  Office,  through 
the  superintendent.  This  rule  is  not  to  apply  to  sol- 
diers who  ■'  re-enlist." 

1069.. No  person  imder  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  is  to  be  enlisted  without  the  written  consent  of 
his  parent,  guardian,  or  master.  The  recruiting  officers 
must  be  very  particular  in  ascertaining  the  true  age  of 
the  recruit. 

1070.  .If  a  minor  who  has  no  parent  or  guardian 
offer  to  enlist,  a  guardian  (who  must  not  be  any  one 
connected  with  the  recruiting  party)  may  be  appoint- 
ed by  the  proper  legal  authority. 

1071.. After  the  nature  of  the  service  and  terms 
of  enlistment  have  been  fairly  explained  to  the  re- 
cruit, the  officer,  before  the  enlistments  are  filled  up, 
will  read  to  him,  and  offer  for  his  signature,  the  an- 
nexed declaration,  to  be  appended  to  each  copy  of  his 
enlistment  : 

I, ?  desiring  to  enlist  in  the  army  of  the 

Confederate  States  for  the  period  of years,  do 

declare  that  I  am years  and months  of 

age  ;  that  I  have  neither  wife  nor  child  ;  that  I  have 
never  been  discharged  from  the  Confederate  States' 
service  on  account  of  disability,  or  by  sentence  of  a 
court-martial,  or  by  order  before  the  expiration  of  a 
term  of  enlistment ;  and  I  know  of  no  impediment  to 
my  serving  honestly  and  faithfully  as  a  soldier  for 
years.  — . 

Witness : 


1072.  .If  the  recruit  be  a  minor,  his  parent,  guard- 


187 

ian,  or  master,  must  sign  a  consent  to  his  enlisting, 
which  will  be  added  to  the  preceding  declaration,  in 
the  following  form  : 

I, ,  do  certify  that  I  am  the  (father,  only  sur- 
viving parent,  legal  master,  or  guardian,  as    the  case  may 

be)  of ;  that  the  said is years  of  age  ; 

and  I  do  hereby  freely  give  my  consent  to  his  enlist- 
ing as  a  soldier  in  the  Army  of  the  Confederate  States 
for  the  period  of years. . 

Witness : 


1073.  .The  forms  of  declaration,  and  of  consent  in 
case  of  a  minor,  having  been  signed  and  witnessed, 
the  recruit  will  then  be  duly  examined  by  the  recruit- 
ing officer,  and  surgeon  if  one  be  present,  find,  if  ac- 
cepted, the  20th  and  87th  Articles  of  War  will  be 
read  to  him  ;  after  which  he  will  be  allowed  time  to 
consider  the  subject  until  his  mind  appears  to  be  fully 
made  up  before  the  oath  is  administered  to  him. 

1074..  As  soon  as  practicable,  and  at  least  within 
six  days  after  his  enlistment,  the  following  oath  will 
be  administered  to  the  recruit : 

"  I,  A —  B — ,  do  solemnly  swear  or  affirm  (as  the 
case  may  be)  that  I  will  bear  true  allegiance  to  the 
Confederate  States  of  America,  and  that  I  will  serve 
them  honestly  and  faithfully  against  all  their  enemies 
or  opposers  whatsoever,  and  observe  and  obey  the  or- 
ders of  the  President  of  the  Confederate  States,  and 
the  orders  of  the  officers  appointed  over  me,  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  and  articles  for  the  government  of  the 
armies  of  the  Confederate  States."  (See  10th  Article 
of  War.) 

1075.  .Under  the  article  of  war  above  cited,  and 
the  acts  of  Congress  approved  September  16th,  1S50, 
and  July  29th,  1854,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  the  chief 
magistrate  of  any  town  or  city  corporate  (not  being 
an  officer  of  the   Army,)    a   notary   public,  or,  when 


tss 

recourse  cannot  be  had   to   such   civil   magistrates,  a 
judge  advocate  may  administer  the  above  oath. 

1076.. It  is  the  duty  of  the  recruiting  officer  to 
be  present  at  the  examination  of  the  recruit  by  the 
medical  officer. 

1077.  .Recruiting  officers  will  not  employ  private 
physicians  without  authority  from  the  Adjutant  Gene- 
rals's  Office,  for  the  special  purpose  of  examining  the 
recruits  prior  to  their  enlisting. 

1078.  .If  it  be  necessary,  as  in  case  of  sickness,  to 
employ  a  physician,  the  recruiting  officer  may  engage 
his  services  by  contract  on  reasonable  terms,  "  by  the 
visit,"  or  by  the  month.  If  by  the  month,  the  exa- 
mination of  the  recruits  must  be  stated  in  the  contract 
as  part  of  his  duty.  In  vouchers  for  medical  attend- 
ance and  medicines,  the  name  of  each  patient,  date 
of,  and  charge  for  each  visit,  and  for  medicines  fur- 
nished, must  be  given,  and  the  certificate  of  the  phy- 
sician added,  that  the  rates  charged  are  the  usual  rates 
of  the  place. 

1079.  .Enlistments  must,  in  all  cases,  be  taken  in 
triplicate.  The  recruiting  officer  will  send  one  copy 
to  the  Adjutant-General  with  his  quarterly  accounts, 
a  second  to  the  superintendent  with  his  monthly  re- 
turn, and  a  third  to  the  depot  at  the  time  the  recruits 
are  sent  there.  In  cases  of  soldiers  re-enlisted  in  a 
regiment,  or  of  regimental  recruits,  the  third  copy  of 
the  enlistment  will  be  sent  at  its  date  to  regimental 
head-quarters  for  file. 

10S0.  .When  ordnance  sergeants  re-enlist,  the  re- 
cruiting officer  will  immediately  send  the  second  copy 
of  the  enlistment  direct  to  the  Adjutant-General,  and 
the  third  copy  to  the  station  of  the  ordnance  sergeant 
for  file. 

1081.. A  non-commissioned  officer,  musician,  or 
private  soldier,  who  may  re-enlist  into  his  company 
or  regiment  within  two  months  before,  or  one  month 


189 

after  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  shall  receive 
a  bounty  of  three  months'  extra  pay — that  is  to  say, 
the  pay  he  was  receiving  as  pay  of  his  grade,  and  as 
additional  pay  for  length  of  service  and  for  certificate 
of  merit.  This  bounty  shall  be  paid  by  the  recruiting 
officer  at  the  time  of  enlistment,  and  noted  on  the  de^ 
scriptive  list.  Ordnance*  sergeants  and  hospital  stew- 
ards are  non-commissioned  officers  entitled  to  the 
bounty  in  the  case  provided. 

10S2.  .Enlistments  must,  in  no  case,  be  ante-dated 
so  as  to  entitle  a  soldier  to  bounty  who  applies  after 
the  period  for  "re-enlisting'*  has  expired. 

1083.  .A  premium  of  two  dollars  will  be  paid  to 
any  citizen,  non-commissioned  officer,  or  soldier  for 
each  accepted  recruit  that  he  may  bring  to  the  rendez- 
vous; but  not  for  soldiers  who  receive  bounty  for  "  re- 
enlisting." 

1054.  .The  recruiting  officer  will  see  that  the  men 
under  his  command  are  neat  in  their  personal  appear- 
ance, and  will  require  the  permanent  party  to  wear 
their  military  dress  in  a  becoming  maimer,  especially 
when  permitted  to  go  abroad. 

1055.  -Only  such  articles  of  clothing  as  are  indis- 
pensable for  immediate  use  will  be  issued  to  recruits 
at  the  rendezvous.  Their  equipment  will  not  be  made 
complete  till  after  they  have  passed  the  inspection 
subsequent  to  their  arrival  at  the  depot. 

10S6.. The  instruction  of  the  recruits  will  com- 
mence at  the  rendezvous  from  the  moment  of  enlist- 
ment. The  general  superintendent  will  see  that  all 
recruiting  officers  give  particular  attention  to  this 
subject. 

1087.  .Recruits  will  be  sent  from  rendezvous  to  de- 
pots every  ten  days,  or  oftener  if  practicable,  provided 
the  number  disposable  exceeds  three.  The  detach- 
ments of  recruits  will  be  sent  from  rendezvous  to  de- 
pots under  charge  of  a  non-commissioned  officer. 


190 

10SS.  .Every  officer  commanding  a  recruiting  party 
will  procure  the  necessary  transportation,  forage, 
fuel,  straw,  and  stationery,  taking  the  requisite 
vouchers. 

1089.. The  transportation  of  recruits  to  depots, 
and  from  one  recruiting  station  to  another,  will  be 
paid  from  the  recruiting  funds.;  transportation  of  offi- 
cers and  enlisted  men  on  the  recruiting  service  will 
be  paid  in  the  same  manner,  except  when  first  pro- 
ceeding to  join  that  service,  or  returning  to  their 
regiments  alter  having  been  relieved. 

1090.  .No  expenses  of  transportation  of  officers  will 
be  admitted  that  do  not  arise  from  orders  emanating 
from  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  except  they  be  re- 
quired to  visit  branch  or  auxiliary  rendezvous  under 
their  charge,  when  they  will  be  allowed  the  stage, 
steamboat,  or  railroad  fare,  porterage  included. 

1091.  .To  each  office  table  is  allowed  one  inkstand, 
one  wafer-stamp,  one  wafer-box,  one  paper-folder,  one 
ruler,  and  as  many  lead  pencils  as  may  be  required, 
not  exceeding  four  per  annum. 

1092.  .Such  blank  books  as  may  be  necessary  are 
allowed  to  the  general  superintendent  and  at  perma- 
nent recruiting  depots  ;  also  one  descriptive  book  for 
the  register  of  recruits  at  each  permanent  station. 
Blank  books  will  be  purchased  by  recruiting  officers, 
under  instructions  from  the  superintendent. 

1093.. When  a  recruiting  officer  is  relieved,  the 
blanks,  books,  and  unexpended  stationery,  with  all 
the  other  public  property  at  the  station,  will  be  trans- 
ferred to  his  successor,  who  will  receipt  for  the  same. 

1094.  .Letters  addressed  to  the  Adjutant-General 
"  on  recruiting  service,''''  will  be  so  endorsed  on  the 
envelopes,  under  the  words  "  official  business." 

1095.  .On  all  vouchers  for  premiums  for  bringing 
recruits,  and  fees  for  oaths  of  enlistment,  the  names 
of  the  recruits  for  whom  the  expenditure  is  made  must 


191 

be  given.  The  vouchers  may  be  made  in  form  of 
consolidated  receipt-rolls,  authenticated  by  the  officer's 
certificate  that  they  are  correct. 

1096.  .The  fee  usually  allowed  for  administering 
the  oath  of  enlistment  Jbping  twenty-five  cents  for 
each  recruit,  when  a  greater  amount  is  paid,  the  offi- 
cer must  certify  on  the  voucher  that  it  is  the  rate  al- 
lowed by  law  of  the  State  or  Territory. 

1097.  .To  each  voucher  for  notices  inserted  in  news- 
papers, a  copy  of  the  notice  will  be  appended. 

1098.  .Enlistments  must  be  filled  up  in  a  fair  and 
legible  hand.  The  real  name  of  the  recruit  must  be 
ascertained,  correctly  spelled,  and  written  in  the  same 
way  wherever  it  occurs;  the  Christian,  name  must 
not  be  abbreviated.  Numbers  must  be  written,  and 
not  expressed  by  figures.  Each  enlistment  must  be 
endorsed  as  follows : 

No.— 

A— 13 , 

enlisted  at 


January — ,    1S6 — , 
By  Lt.  C. D , 

— Regiment  of 

The  number  in  each  month  to   correspond   with    the 
names  alphabetically  arranged. 

1099.  .Whenever  a  soldier  re-enters  the  service, 
the  officer  who  enlisted  him  will  endorse  on  the  en- 
listment, next  below  his  own  name  and  regiment, 
"  second  (or  third)  enlistment,"  as  the  case  may  be, 
together  with  the  name  of  the  regiment  and  the  letter 
of  the  company  in  which  the  soldier  last  served,  and 
date  of  discharge  from  former  enlistment.  This  infor- 
mation the  recruiting  officer  must  obtain,  if  possible, 
from  the  soldier's  discharge,  which  he  should  in  all 
cases  be  required  to  exhibit.  (See  22d  Article  of 
War.) 


192 

1100.. The  name  of  the  State,  as  well  as  the 
town,  where  each  recruit  is  enlisted,  will  be  recorded 
on  all  muster,  pay,  and  descriptive  rolls. 

1101.  .The  recruits  are  to  be  dressed  in  uniform  ac- 
cording to  their  respective  arms,  and  will  be  regularly 
mustered  and  inspected.  ^iey  are  to  be  well  drilled 
in  the  infantry  tactics,  through  the  school  of  the  sol- 
dier to  that  of  the  battalion,  and  in  the  exercise  of 
field  and  garrison  pieces.  Dutyistobe  done  according 
to  the  strict  rules  of  service. 

1102.  .Permanent  parties  at  depots,  and  recruitivg 
parties,  will  be  mustered,  inspected,  and  paid  in  the 
same  manner  as  other  soldiers.  Recruits  will  be  mus- 
tered for  pay  only  at  depots,  and  when  paid  there, 
one-half  of  their  monthly  pay  will  be  retained  until 
they  joi*  their  regiments. 

1103.  .The  rules  and  Articles  of  War  are  to  be 
read  to  the  recruits  in  depot  every  month  after  the 
inspection  ;  and  so  much  thereof  J|  relates  to  the  du- 
ties of  non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers  will  be 
read  to  them  every  week. 

1104.  .Recruits  are  not  to  be  put  to  any  labor  or 
work  which  would  interfere  with  their  instruction, 
nor  are  they  to  be  employed  otherwise  than  as  soldiers 
in  the  regular  duties  of  garrison  or  camp. 

1105.  .When  recruits  are  received  at  a  garrisoned 
post,  the  commanding  officer  will  place  them  under 
the  charge  of  a  commissioned  officer. 

1106.  .The  superintendent  or  commanding  officer 
will  cause  a  minute  and  critical  inspection  to  be  made 
of  every  recruit  received  at  a  depot,  two  days  after 
his  arrival ;  and  should  any  recruit  be  found  unfit  for 
service,  or  to  have  been  enlisted  contrary  to  law  or 
regulations,  he  shall  assemble  a  Board  of  Inspectors  to 
examine  into  the  case. 

1107.  .Every  detachment  ordered  from  a  depot  to 
any  regiment   or   post,  shall,  immediately    preceding 


193 

its  departure,  be  critically  inspected  by   tl.  rin- 

lenl  or  commanding  officer  and  surgeon;  and  when 
v,  a  Board  of  Inspectors  will  be  convened. 

110-..  Recruits  received  at  a  military  post  or  station 
shall  be  carefully  inspected  by  the  commanding  officer 
and  surgeon,  on  tin-  third  day  after  their  arrival  :  and 
if,  on  Buch  inspection,  any  recruit,  in  their  opinion, 
be  unsound  or  otherwise  defective  in  Buch  deg 
T<»  disqualify  him  for  the  <l«n i.->  of  a  soldier,  then  a 
Board  of  Inspectors  will  be  assembled  to  examine 
into  and  report  on  the  case. 

1 109.  .Boards  of  Inspectors  for  the    examination   of 
II    be  i  <>f  the   three  senior  n 

mental  officers  present  on  duty  with  the  troops,  in- 
cluding the  commanding  officer  and  the  senior  medi- 
cal officer  of  the  army  present. 

II  ML.  In  ;ill  <  t   rejection,  the  reasons  therefor 

will  be  stated  at  large  in  a  special  report  by  the 
board;  whicl  ther  with  the  surgeon's  certific 

of  disability  for  service,  will  be  forwarded  by  the  su- 
perintendent or  commandant  of  the  posi  direct  to  the 
Adjutant-General.  If  the  recommendation  of  the 
board  for  the  discharge  of  the  recruil  be  approved, 
the  authority  will    be   endorsed    on    the   certificate, 

which  will  be  sent  back  to  be  filled  up  and  signed  by 

the  commanding  officer,  who  will  return  the  same  to 
the  Adjutant-General's  <  Mlice. 

11 11  ..The  board  will  state  in  the  report  whether 
the  disability,  or  other  cause  of  rejection,  existed  be- 
fore his  enlistment,  and  whether,  with  yropi r  care  and 
examination,  it  might  have  been  then  discovered. 

1112.  .An  officer  intrusted  with  the  command  of 
recruits  ordered  to  regiments,  will,  on  arriving  at  the 
place  of  destination,  forward  the  following  papers : 

1.  To  the  Adjutant-General  and  tin4  Superintendent, 
each,  a  descriptive  roll  and  an  account  of  clothing 
of  such  men  as  may  have  deserted,  died,  or  been  left 

Q 


194 

on  the  route  from  any  cause  whatever ;  with  a  special 
report  of  the  date  of  his  arrival  at  the  post,  the 
strength  and  condition  of  the  detachment  when  turned 
over  to  the  commanding  officer,  and  all  circumstances 
worthy  of  remark  which  may  have  occurred  on  the 
march. 

2.  To  the  Commanding  Officer  of  the  regiment  or 
post,  the  muster  and  descriptive  roll  furnished  him  at 
the  time  of  setting  out,  properly  signed  and  com- 
pleted by  recording  the  names  of  the  recruits  present, 
and  by  noting  in  the  column  for  remarks,  opposite  the 
appropriate  spaces,  the  time  and  place  of  death,  de- 
sertion, apprehension,  or  other  casualty  that  may 
have  occurred  on  the  route. 

1113.  .Should  an  officer  be  relieved  in  charge  of  a 
detachment  ew  route,  before  it  reaches  its  destination,  the 
date  and  place,  and  name  of  the  officer  by  whom  he  is 
relieved,  must  be  recorded  on  the  detachment  roll. 
Without  the  evidence  of  such  record,  no  charge  for 
extra  pay  for  clothing  accountability  of  a  detachment 
equal  to  a  company  will  be  allowed. 

II  14.. The  "original  muster  and  descriptive  roll" 
of  every  detachment,  with  remarks  showing  the  iinal 
disposition  of  each  recruit,  and  the  regiment  and  let- 
ter of  the  company  to  which  he  may  be  assigned, 
will  be  signed  by  the  commanding  officer,  and  for- 
warded to  the  Adjutant-General. 

1115.  .The  regimental  recruiting  will  be  conducted 
in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  general  service. 

1116.  .Every  commander  of  a  regiment  is  the  su- 
perintendent of  the  recruiting  service  for  his  regiment, 
and  will  endeavor  to  keep  it  up  to  its  establishment; 
for  which  purpose  he  will  obtain  the  necessary  funds, 
clothing,  &c,  by  requisition  to  the  Adjutant-General. 

1]  17.  .At  every  station  occupied  by  his  regiment, 
or  any  part  of  it,  the  colonel  will  designate  a  suitable 
officer  to  attend  to  the  recruiting  duties  ;    which    se- 


19 

lection  will  not  relieve  such  officer  from  his  company 
or  other  ordinary  duties.  The  officer  thus  designated 
will  be  kept  constantly  furnished  with  funds,  and, 
when  necessary,  with  clothing  and  camp  equipage. 

HIS.  .The  regimental  recruiting  officer  will,  with 
the  approbation  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
station,  enlist  all  suitable  men.  He  will  be  governed, 
in  rendering  his  accounts  and  returns,  by  the  rules 
prescribed  for  the  general  service  ;  and  when  leaving 
a  post,  will  turn  over  the  funds  in'  his  hands  to  the 
senior  company  officer  of  his  regiment  present,  un- 
less some  other  be  appointed  to  receive  them. 


APPENDIX. 


ARTICLES    OF    WAR. 

AN  ACT  FOB  ESTABLISHING  RULES  AND  ARTICLES  FOR 
THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  ARMIES  OF  THE  CON- 
FEDERATE   STAT' 

Section   I.     That,  from  and  after  the  passing  of 
this  act,  the  Following  shall  be  the  rules  and  artic 
by  which  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States  shall 
be  governed  : 

Article  L.     Every  officer  now  in  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  hall,  in  six  months  from  the  pa 

ing  of  this  act,  and  every  officer  who  shall  hereafter 
be  appointed  shall,  before  lie  enters  on  the  duties  ol 
his  office,  subscribe  these  rules  and  regulations. 

Art.  2.  II  is  earnestly  recommended  to  all  offic< 
and  soldiers  diligently  to  alien*]  divine  service;  and 
all  officers  who  shall  behave  indecently  or  irreverently 
at  any  place  of  divine  worship  shall,  if  commissioned 
officers,  be  brought  before  a  general  court-martial, 
there  to  be  publicly  and  severely  reprimanded  by  the 
president.  If  non-commissioned  officers  or  soldiers, 
every  person  so  offending  shall,  for  his  first  often -e, 
forfeit  one-sixth  of  a  dollar,  to  be  deducted  out  of  his 
next  pay  ;  for  the  second  offense,  he  shall  not  only 
forfeit  a  like  sum,  but  be  confined  twenty- four  hours  ; 
and  for  every  like  offense,  shall  suffer  and  pay  in  like 

*  These  rules  and  articles,  with  the  exceptions  indicated  by  the  notes 
annexed  to  Articles  20,  fi!">  and  87,  remain  unaltered,  and  in  force   at 

Ql 


198 

manner  ;  which  money,  so  forfeited,  shall  be  applied, 
by  the  captain  or  senior  officer  of  the  troop  or  com- 
pany, to  the  use  of  the  sick  soldiers  of  the  company 
or  troop  to  which  the  offender  belongs. 

Art.  -3.  Any  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier 
who  shall  use  any  profane  oath  or  execration,  shall 
incur  the  penalties  expressed  in  the  foregoing  article  ; 
and  a  commissioned  officer  shall  forfeit  and  pay,  for 
each  and  eveiy  such  offense,  one  dollar,  to  be  applied 
as  in  the  preceding  article. 

Art.  4.  Every  chaplain  commissioned  in  the  army 
or  armies  of  the  Confederate  JStates,  who  shall  absent 
himself  from  the  duties  assigned  him  (excepting  in 
cases  of  sickness  or  leave  of  absence),  shall,  on  con- 
viction thereof  before  a  court-martial,  be  fined  not 
exceeding  one  month's  pay,  besides  the  loss  of  his  pay 
during  his  absence  ;  or  be  discharged,  as  the  said  court- 
martial  shall  judge  proper. 

Art.  -5.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  use  con- 
temptuous or  disrespectful  words  against  the  President 
of  the  Confederate  States,  against  the  Vice-President 
thereof,  against  the  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States, 
or  against  the  Chief  Magistrate  or  Legislature  of  any 
of  the  Confederate  States  in  which  he  may  be  quar- 
tered, if  a  commissioned  officer,  shall  be  cashiered,  or 
otherwise  punished,  as  a  court-martial  shall  direct ;  if 
a  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier,  he  shall  suffer 
such  punishment  as  shall  be  inflicted  on  him  by  the 
sentence  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  G.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  behave 
himself  with  contempt  or  disrespect  towyard  his  com- 
manding officer,  shall  be  punished  according  to  the 
nature  of  his  offense,  by  the  judgment  of  a  court- 
martial. 

Art.  7.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  begin, 
excite,  cause,  or  join  in,  any  mutiny  or  sedition,  in 
any  troop  or  company  in  the  service  of  the  Confede- 


199 

rate  States,  or  in  any  party,  post,  detachment  or  guard, 
shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other  punishment  as  by  a 
court-martial  shall  be  inflicted. 

Ai:t.  S.  Any  officer,  non-commissioned  officer,  or 
soldier,  who,  being  present  at  any  mutiny  or  sedition, 
does  not  use  his  utmost  endeavor  to  suppress  the 
same,  or,  coming  to  the  knowledge  of  any  intended 
mutiny,    does    not,  without   dela  information 

thereof  to  his  commanding  officer,  s'  jl\  be  punished 
by  the  sentence  of  a  court-martin1  with  death,  or 
otherwise,  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offense. 

Art.  9.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  strike  his 
superior  officer,  or  draw  or  lift  up  any  weapon,  or 
oner  any  violence  against  him,  being  in  the  execution 
of  his   office,  on    any  p  e    whatso<  hall 

disobey  any  lawful  command  of  his  superior  officer, 
shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other  punish  hall, 

according  to  the  nature  of  I  inflicted  upon 

him  by  the  sentence  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  LO.     Every  non-comn  i  officer  or  s 

dier,  who   shall    enlist   himself   in  the  of  the 

Confederate  States,  shall,  at  th         e  of  his  so  en 
ing,  or  within  six  days  afterward,  ha"\  -  for 

the  government  of  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States 
read  to  him,  and  shall,  by  the  officer  who  enlisted  him, 
or  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  troop  or  company 
into  which  he  was  enlisted,  be  ta'  fore  the  next 

justice  of  the  peace,  or  chief  magistrate  of  any  < 
or  town  corporate,  not  being  an  officer  of  the  army, 
or  where  recourse  cannot  be  had  to  the  civil  magis- 
trate, before  the  judge  advocate,  and  in  his  presence 
shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation  :  "  I,  A.  B., 
do  solemnly  swear  or  affirm  (as  the  case  may  be),  that 
I  will  bear  true  allegiance  to  the  Confederate  States 
of  America,  and  that  I  will  serve  them  honestly  and 
faithfully  against  all  their  enemies  or  opposers  whatso- 
ever ;  and  observe  and  obey  the  orders  of  the  Presi- 


200 

dent  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  the  orders  of  the 
officers  appointed  over  me,  according  to  the  Rules  and 
Articles  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the  Con- 
federate States."  Which  justice,  magistrate,  or  judge 
advocate,  is  to  give  to  the  officer  a  certificate,  signi- 
fying that  the  man  enlisted  did  take  the  said  oath  or 
affirmation. 

Art.  11.  After  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  sol- 
dier shall  have  been  duly  enlisted  and  sworn,  he  shall 
not  be  dismissed  the  service  without  a  discharge  in  writ- 
ing ;  and  no  discharge  granted  to  him  shall  be  suffi- 
cient which  is  not  signed  by  a  field  officer  of  the 
regiment  to  which  he  belongs,  or  commanding  officer, 
where  no  field  officer  of  the  regiment  is  present ;  and 
no  discharge  shall  be  given  to  a  non-commissioned  of- 
ficer or  soldier  before  his  term  of  service  has  expired, 
but  by  order  of  the  President,  the  Secretary  of  War, 
the  commanding  officer  of  a  department,  or  the  sen- 
tence of  a  general  court-martial  ;  nor  shall  a  commis- 
sioned officer  be  discharged  the  service  but  by  order 
of  the  President  of  the  Confederate  States,  or  bv  sen- 
tence  of  a  general  court-martial. 

Art.  12.  Every  colonel,  or  other  officer  com- 
manding a  regiment,  troop,  or  company,  and  actually 
quartered  with  it,  may  give  furloughs  to  non-commis- 
sioned officers  or  soldiers,  in  such  numbers,  and  for  so 
long  a  time,  as  he  shall  judge  to  be  most  consistent 
with  the  good  of  the  service;  and  a  captain,  or  other 
inferior  officer,  commanding  a  troop  or  company,  or 
in  any  garrison,  fort,  or  barrack  of  the  Confederate 
States  (his  field  officer  being  absent),  may  give  fur- 
loughs to  non-commissioned  officers  or  soldiers,  for  a 
time  not  exceeding  twenty  days  in  six  months,  but  not 
to  more  than  two  persons  to  be  absent  at  the  same 
time,  excepting  some  extraordinary  occasion  should 
require  it. 

Art.  13.     At  every  muster,  the  commanding  offi- 


201 

cer  of  each  regiment, troop,  or  company,  there  present, 
shall  give  to  the  commissary  of  musters,  or  other 
officer  who  musters  the  said  regiment,  troop,  or  com- 
pany, certificates  signed  by  himself,  signifying  how 
long  such  officers,  as  shall  not  appear  at  the  said 
muster,  have  been  absent,  and  the  reason  of  their 
absence.  In  like  manner,  the  commanding  officer  of 
every  troop  or  company  shall  give  certificates,  signi- 
fying the  reasons  of  the  absence  of  the  non-commis- 
sioned officers  and  private  soldiers;  which  reasons 
and  time  of  absence  shall  be  inserted  in  the  muster- 
rolls,  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  absent 
officers  and  soldiers.  The  certificates  shall,  together 
with  the  muster-rolls,  be  remitted  by  the  commissary 
of  musters,  or  other  officer  mustering,  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  War,  as  speedily  as  the  distance  of  the  place 
will  admit. 

"Art.  14.  Every  officer  who  shall  be  convicted 
before  a  general  court-martial  of  having  signed  a 
false  certificate  relating  to  the  absence  of  either  officer 
or  private  soldier,  or  relative  to  his  or  their  pay,  shall 
be  cashiered. 

Art.  15.  Every  officer  who  shall  knowingly  make 
a  false  muster  of  man  or  horse,  and  every  officer  or 
commissary  of  musters  who  shall  willingly  sign, 
direct,  or  allow  the  signing  of  muster-rolls  wherein 
such  false  muster  is  contained,  shall,  upon  proof 
made  thereof,  by  two  witnesses,  before  a  general 
court-martial,  be  cashiered,  and  shall  be  thereby 
utterly  disabled  to  have  or  hold  any  office  or  employ- 
ment in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States. 

Art.  16.  Any  commissary  of  musters,  or  other 
officer,  who  shall  be  convicted  of  having  taken  money, 
or  other  thing,  by  way  of  gratification,  on  mustering 
any  regiment,  troop,  or  company,  or  on  signing 
muster-rolls,  shall  be  displaced  from  his  office,  and 
shall  be  thereby  utterly  disabled  to  have  or  hold  any 


202 

office  or  employment  in-  the  service  of  the  Confede- 
rate States. 

Art.  17.  Any  officer  who  shall  presume  to  muster 
a  person  as  a  soldier  who  is  not  a  soldier,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  having  made  a  false  muster,  and 
shall  suffer  accordingly. 

A*rt.  18.  Every  officer  who  shall  knowingly  make 
a  false  return  to  the  Department  of  War,  or  to  any 
of  his  superior  officers,  authorized  to  call  for  such 
returns,  of  the  state  of  the  regiment,  troop,  or  com- 
pany, or  garrison,  under  his  command ;  or  of  the 
arms,  ammunition,  clothing,  or  other  stores  thereunto 
belonging,  shall,  on  conviction  thereof  before  a  court- 
martial,  be  cashiered. 

Art.  19.  The  commanding  officer  of  every  regi- 
ment, troop,  or  independent  company,  or  garrison, 
of  the  Confederate  States,  shall  in  the  beginning  of 
every  month,  remit,  through  the  proper  channels,  to 
the  Department  of  War,  an  exact  return  of  the  regi- 
ment, troop,  independent  company,  or  garrison,  under 
his  command,  specifying  the  names  of  the  officers 
then  absent  from  their  posts  with  the  reasons  for  and 
the  time  of  their  absence.  And  any  officer  who 
shall  be  convicted  of  having,  through  neglect  or  de- 
sign, omitted  sending  such  returns,  shall  be  punished, 
according  to  the  nature  of  his  crime,  by  the  judg- 
ment of  a  general  court-martial. 

Art.  20.  All  officers  and  soldiers  who  have  re- 
ceived pay,  or  have  been  duly  enlisted  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Confederate  States,  and  shall  be  convicted 
of  having  deserted  the  same,  shall  suffer  death,  or 
such  other  punishment  as,  by  sentence  of  a  court- 
martial  shall  be  inflicted.* 

Art.  21.  Any  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier 
who  shall,  without  leave  from  his  commanding  offi- 
cer,  absent   himself  from  his  troop,  company,  or  de- 

*  Modified  by  act  of  29th  Mai      ; 


9.' 

tachment,   shall,  upon  _■   convicted   thereof,    be 

punished  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offense,  at 
discretion  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  22.     No  non-commissioned  officer  or  so 

shall  enlist  himself  in  any  other  regiment,  troop,  or  com- 
pany, without  a  regular  discharge  from  the  regiment, 
troop  or  company  in  which  lie  !  ed,on  the  penalty 

of  being  reputed  a  deserter,  and  suffering  accordingly. 
And  in  case  any  officer  shall  knowingly  receive  and 
entertain  such  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier,  or 
shall  not,  after  his  being  discovered  to  be  a  deserter, 
immediately  confine  him,  and  give  notice  thereof  to 
the  corps  in  which  he  Inst  served,  the  Baid  ofl  hall, 

by  a  court-martial,  be  cashiered. 

_  Art.  23.     Any  office!  or  soldier  who  shall  ' 
victed  of  ha#ig  advised  or  persuaded  any  other  offi- 
cer or  soldier  to  desert  the  service  pf  the  Confederate 
States,  shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other  punishment 
as  shall  be  inflicted   upon  him   by  the  t  of  a 

court-martial. 

Art.  24.  No  officer  or  soldier  shall  use  any  re- 
proachful or  provoking  speeches  or  gestures  to 
another,  upon  pain,  if  an  officer,  of  being  put  in 
arrest;  if  a  soldier,  confined,  and  of  asking  pardon 
of  the  party  offended,  in  the  presence  of  his  com- 
manding officer. 

Art.  25.  No  officer  or  soldier  shall  send  a  chal- 
lenge to  another  officer  or  soldier,  to  fight  a  duel,  or 
accept  a  challenge  if  sent,  -upon  pain,  if  a  commis- 
sioned officer,  of  being  cashiered;  if  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer  or  soldier,  of  suffering  corporeal  punish- 
ment, at  the  discretion  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  26.  If  any  commissioned  or  non-commis- 
sioned officer  commanding  a  guard  shall  knowingly 
or  willingly  suffer  any  person  whatsoever  to  go  forth 
to  fight  a  duel,  he  shall  be  punished  as  a  challenger  ; 
and  all  seconds,  promoters,  and  carriers  of  challenges, 


204 

in  order  to  duels,  shall  be  deemed  principals,  and 
be  punished  accordingly.  And  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  every  officer  commanding  an  army,  regiment,  com- 
pany, post,  or  detachment,  who  is  knowing  to  a 
challenge  being  given  or  accepted  by  any  officer, 
non-commissioned  officer,  or  soldier,  under  his  com- 
mand, or  has  reason  to  believe  the  same  to  be  the 
case,  immediately  to  arrest  and  bring  to  trial  such 
offenders. 

"Art. '27.  All  officers  of  what  condition  soever, 
have  power  to  part  and  quell  all  quarrels,  frays,  and 
disorders,  though  the  persons  concerned  should  be- 
long to  another  regiment,  troop,  or  company ;  and 
either  to  order  officers  into  arrest,  or  non-commis- 
sioned officers  or  soldiers  into  confinement,  until 
their  proper  superior  officers  shall  be  acquainted  there- 
with ;  and  whosoever  shall  refuse  to  obey  such  officer 
(though  of  an  inferior  rank),  or  shall  draw  his  sword 
upon  him,  shall  be  punished  at  the  discretion  of  a 
general  court-martial. 

Art.  2S.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  upbraid 
another  for  refusing  a  challenge,  shall  himself  be 
punished  as  a  challenger  ;  and  all  officers  and 
soldiers  are  hereby  discharged  from  any  disgrace  or 
opinion  of  disadvantage  which  might  arise  from 
their  having  refused  to  accept  of  challenges,  as  they 
will  only  have  acted  in  obedience  to  the  laws,  and 
done,  their  duty  as  good  soldiers  who  subject  them- 
selves to  discipline. 

Art,  29.  No  sutler  shall  be  permitted  to  sell  any 
kind  of  liquors  or  victuals,  or  keep  their  houses  or 
shops  open  for  the  entertainment  of  soldiers,  after 
nine  at  night,  or  before  the  beating  of  the  reveille, 
or  upon  Sundays,  during  divine  service  or  sermon, 
on  the  penalty  of  being  dismissed  from  all  future 
sutling. 

Art.  30.     All   officers    commanding   in    the    field, 


205 

forts,  barracks,  or  garrisons  of  the  Confederate  States, 
are  hereby  required  to  see  that  the  persons  permitted 
to  suttle  shall  supply  the  soldiers  with  good  and  whole- 
some provisions,  or  other  articles,  at  a  reasonable 
price,  as  they  shall  be  answerable  for  their  neglect. 

Art.  31.  No  officer  commanding  in  any  of  the 
garrisons,  forts,  or  barracks  of  the  Confederate  States, 
shall  exact  exorbitant  prices  for  houses  or  stalls,  let 
out  to  sutlers,  or  connive  at  the  like  exactions  in 
others ;  nor  by  his  own  authority,  and  for  his  private 
advantage,  lay  any  duty  or  imposition  upon,  or  be  in- 
terested in,  the  sale  of  any  victuals,  liquors,  or  other 
necessaries  of  life,  brought  into  the  garrison,  fort,  or 
barracks,  for  the  use  of  the  soldiers,  on  the  penalty 
of  being  discharged  from  the  service. 

Art.  32.  .Every  officer  commanding  in  quarters, 
garrisons,  or  on  the  march,  shall  keep  good  order,  and, 
to  the  utmost  of  his  power,  redress  all  abuses  or  dis- 
orders which  may  be  committed  by  any  officer  or  sol- 
dier under  his  command  ;  if,  upon  complaint  made  to 
him  of  officers  or  soldiers  beating  or  otherwise  ill- 
treating  any  person,  or  disturbing  fairs  or  markets,  or 
of  committing  any  kind  of  riots,  to  the  disquieting  of 
the  citizens  of  the  Confederate  States,  he,  the  said 
commander,  who  shall  refuse  or  omit  to  see  justice 
done  to  the  offender  or  offenders,  and  reparation  made 
to  the  party  or  parties  injured,  as  far  as  part  of  the 
offender's  pay  shall  enable  him  or  them,  shall,  upon 
proof  thereof,  be  cashiered,  or  otherwise  punished,  as 
a  general  court-martial  shall  direct. 

Art.  33.  When  any  commissioned  officer  or  sol- 
dier shall  be  accused  of  a  capital  crime,  or  of  having 
used  violence,  or  committed  any  offense  against  the 
person  or  property  of  any  citizen  of  any  of  the  Con- 
federate States,  such  as  is  punishable  by  the  known 
laws  of  the  land,  the  commanding  officer  and  officers 
of  every  regiment,  troop   or   company,  to  which  the 


206 

person  or  persons  so  accused  shall  belong,  are  hereby 
required,  upon  application  duly  made  by,  or  in  behalf 
of  the  party  or  parties  injured,  to  use  their  utmost  en- 
deavors to  deliver  over  such  accused  person  or  persons 
to  the  civil  magistrate,  and  likewise  to  be  aiding  and 
assisting  to  the  officers  of  justice  in  apprehending  and 
securing  the  person  or  persons  so  accused,  in  or- 
der to  bring  him  or  them  to  trial.  If  any  command- 
ing officer  or  officers  shall  wilfully  neglect,  or  shall 
refuse,  upon  the  application  aforesaid,  to  deliver  over 
such  accused  person  or  persons  to  the  civil  magistrates, 
or  to  be  aiding  and  assisting  to  the  officers  of  justice 
in  apprehending  such  person  or  persons,  the  officer  or 
officers  so  offending  shall  be  cashiered. 

Art.  34.  If  any  officer  shall  think  himself  wronged 
by  his  Colonel,  or  the  commanding  officer  of  the  regi- 
ment, and  shall,  upon  due  application  being  made  to 
him,  be  refused  redress,  he  may  complain  to  the  Gen- 
eral commanding  in  the  State  or  Territory  where 
such  regiment  shall  be  stationed,  in  order  to  obtain 
justice  ;  who  is  hereby  required  to  examine  into  said 
complaint,  and  take  proper  measures  for  redressing 
the  wrong  complained  of,  and  transmit,  as  soon  as 
possible,  to  the  Department  of  War,  a  true  state  of 
such  complaint,  with  the  proceedings  had  thereon. 

Art.  35.  If  any  inferior  officer  or  soldier  shall 
think  himself  wronged  by  his  captain  or  other  officer, 
he  is  to  complain  thereof  to  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  regiment,  who  is  hereby  required  to  summon 
a  regimental  court-martial,  for  the  doing  justice  to 
the  complainant,  from  which  regimental  court-martial 
either  party  may,  if  he  thinks  himself  still  aggrieved, 
appeal  to  a  general  court-martial.  But  if,  upon  a  se- 
cond hearing,  the  appeal  shall  appear  vexatious  and 
groundless,  the  person  so  appealing  shall  be  punished 
at  the  discretion  of  the  said  court-martial. 

Art.  36,     Any  commissioned  officer,  store-keeper. 


207 

or  commissary,  who  shall  be  convicted  at  a  general 
court-martial  of  having  sold  without  a  proper  order 
for  that  purpose,  embezzled,  misapplied,  or  wilfully, 
or  through  neglect,  suffered  any  of  the  provisions,  fo- 
rage, arms,  clothing,  ammunition,  or  other  military 
stores  belonging  to  the  Confederate  States  to  be  spoiled 
or  damaged,  shall,  at  his  own  expense,  make  good  the 
loss  or  damage,  and  shall,  moreover,  forfeit  all  his  pay, 
and  be  dismissed  from  the  service. 

Art.  37.  Any  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier 
who  shall  be  convicted  at  a  regimental  court-martial 
of  having  sold,  or  designedly,  or  through  neglect, 
wasted  the  ammunition  delivered  out  to  him,  to  be 
employed  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States, 
shall  be  punished  at  the  discretion  of  such  court. 

Art.  38.  Every  non-commissioned  officer  or  sol- 
dier who  shall  be  convicted  before  a  court-martial  of 
having  sold,  lost,  or  spoiled,  through  neglect,  his  horse, 
arms,  clothes,  or  accoutrements,  shall  undergo  such 
weekly  stoppages  (not  exceeding  the  half  of  his  pay) 
as  such  court-martial  shall  judge  sufficient,  for  repair- 
ing the  loss  or  damage  ;  and  shall  suffer  confinement, 
or  such  other  corporeal  punishment  as  his  crime  shall 
deserve. 

Art.  39.  Every  officer  who  shall  be  convicted  be- 
fore a  court-martial  of  having  embezzled  or  misapplied 
any  money  with  which  he  may  have  been  intrusted, 
for  the  payment  of  the  men  under  his  command,  or 
for  enlisting  men  into  the  service,  or  for  other  pur- 
poses, if  a  commissioned  officer,  shall  be  cashiered, 
and  compelled  to  refund  the  money ;  if  a  non-com- 
missioned officer,  shall  be  reduced  to  the  ranks,  be 
put  under  stoppages  until  the  money  be  made  good, 
and  suffer  such  corporeal  punishment  as  such  court- 
martial  shall  direct.  * 

Art.  40.  Every  captain  of  a  troop  or  company 
is  charged  with  the   arms,    accoutrements,    ammuni- 


203 

tion,  clothing,  or  other  warlike  stores  belonging 
to  the  troop  or  company  under  his  command,  which 
he  is  to  be  accountable  for  to  his  Colonel  in  case  of 
their  being  lost,  spoiled,  or  damaged,  not  by  una- 
voidable accidents,  or  on  actual  service. 

Art.  41.  All  non-commissioned  officers  and  sol- 
diers who  shall  be  found  one  mile  from  the  camp 
without  leave,  in  writing,  from  their  commanding 
officer,  shall  suffer  such  punishment  as  shall  be 
inflicted  upon  them  by  the  sentence  of  a  court- 
martial. 

Art.  42.  No  officer  or  soldier  shall  lie  out  of  his 
quarters,  garrison,  or  camp,  without  leave  from  his 
superior  officer,  upon  penalty  of  being  punished  ac- 
cording to  the  nature  of  his  offense,  by  the  sentence 
of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  43.  Every  non-commissioned  officer  and 
soldier  shall  retire  to  his  quarters  or  tent  at  the 
beating  of  the  retreat ;  in  default  of  which  he  shall 
be  punished  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offense. 

Art.  44.  No  officer,  non-commissioned  officer,  or 
soldier  shall  fail  in  repairing,  at  the  time  fixed,  to 
the  place  of  parade,  of  exercise,  or  other  rendezvous 
appointed  by  his  commanding  officer,  if  not  prevented 
by  sickness  or  some  other  evident  necessity,  or  shall 
go  from  the  said  place  of  rendezvous  without  leave 
from  his  commanding  officer,  before  he  shall  be  regu- 
larly dismissed  or  relieved,  on  the  penalty  of  being 
punished  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offense,  by  the 
sentence  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  45.  Any  commissioned  officer  who  shall  be 
found  drunk  on  his  guard,  party,  or  other  duty, 
shall  be  cashiered.  Any  non-commissioned  officer 
or  soldier  so  offending  shall  suffer  such  corporeal 
punishment  as  sfrall  be  inflicted  by  the  sentence  of 
a  court-martial. 

Art.  46.     Any  sentinel  who  shall  be  found  sleeping 


209 

upon  his  post,  or  shall  leave  it  before  he  shall  be 
regularly  relieved,  shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other 
punishment  as  shall  be  inflicted  by  the  sentence  of  a 
court-martial. 

Art.  47.  No  soldier  belonging  to  any  regiment, 
troop,  or  company,  shall  hire  another  to  do  his  luty 
for  him,  or  be  excused  from  duty  but  in  cases  of 
sickness,  disability,  or  leave  of  absence;  and  every 
such  soldier  found  guilty  of  hiring  his  duty,  as  also 
the  party  so  hired  to  do  another's  duty,  shall  be  pun- 
ished at  the  discretion  of  a  regimental  court-martial. 

Art.  48.  And  every  non-commissioned  officer  con- 
niving at  such  hiring  of  duty  aforesaid,  shall  be 
reduced  ;  and  every  commissioned  officer  knowing 
and  allowing  such  ill  practices  in  the  service,  shall 
be  punished  by  the  judgment  of  a  general  court- 
martial. 

Art.  49.  Any  officer  belonging  to  the  service  of 
the  Confederate  States,  who  by  discharging  of  fire- 
arms, drawing  of  swords,  beating  of  drums,  or  by 
any  other  means  whatsoever,  shall  occasion  false 
alarms  in  camp,  garrison,  or  quarters,  shall  suffer 
death,  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be  ordered 
by  the  sentence  of  a  general  court-martial. 

Art.  50.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall,  without 
urgent  necessity,  or  without  the  leave  of  his  superior 
officer,  quit  his  guard,  platoon,  or  division,  shall  be 
punished  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offense,  by 
the  sentence  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  51.  No  officer  or  soldier  shall  do  violence  to 
any  person  who  brings  provisions  or  other  necessaries 
to  the  camp,  garrison,  or  quarters,  of  the  forces  of  the 
Confederate  States,  employed  in  any  parts  out  of  the 
said  States,  upon  pain  of  death,  or  such  other  punish- 
ment as  the  court-martial  shall  direct. 

Art.  52.  Any  officer  or  soldier  who  shall  mis- 
behave  himself    before   the   enemy,    run   away,    or 

Rl 


210 

shamefully  abandon  any  fort,  post  or  guard,  which  he 
or  they  may  be  commanded  to  defend,  or  speak 
words  inducing  others  to  do  the  like,  or  shall  cast 
away  his  arms  and  ammunition,  or  who  shall  quit  his 
post  or  colors  to  plunder  and  pillage,  every  such 
offender,  being  duly  convicted  thereof,  shall  suffer 
death,  or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be  or- 
dered by  the  sentence  of  a  general  court-martial. 

Art.  53.  Any  person  belonging  to  the  armies  of 
the  Confederate  States  who  shall  make  known  the 
watchword  to  any  person  who  is  not  entitled  to 
receive  it  according  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war, 
or  shall  presume  to  give  a  parol  or  watchword  dif- 
ferent from  what  he  received,  shall  suffer  death,  or 
such  other  punishment  as  shall  be  ordered  by  the 
sentence  of  a  general  court-martial. 

Art.  54.  All  officers  and  soldiers  are  to  behave 
themselves  orderly  in  quarters  and  on  their  march ; 
and  whoever  shall  commit  any  waste  or  spoil,  either 
in  walks  of  trees,  parks,  warrens,  fish-ponds,  houses, 
or  gardens,  corn-fields,  inclosures  of  meadows,  or  shall 
maliciously  destroy  any  property  whatsoever  belonging 
to  the  inhabitants  of  the  Confederate  States,  unless 
by  order  of  the  then  commander-in-chief  of  the  ar- 
mies of  the  said  States,  shall,  (besides  such  penalties 
as  they  are  liable  to  by  law),  be  punished  according 
to  the  nature  and  degree  of  the  offense,  by  the  judg- 
ment af  a  regimental  or  general  court-martial. 

Art.  55.  Whosoever,  belonging  to  the  armies  of 
the  Confederate  States  in  foreign  parts,  shall  force  a 
safeguard,  shall  suffer  death. 

Art.  56.  Whosoever  shall  relieve  the  enemy  with 
money,  victuals,  or  ammunition,  or  shall  knowingly 
harbor  or  protect  an  enemy,  shall  suffer  death,  or  such 
other  punishment  as  shall  be  ordered  by  the  sentence 
of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  57.     Whosoever  shall  be  convicted   of  hold- 


211 

ing  correspondence  with,  or  giving  intelligence  to,  the 
enemy,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  shall  suffer  death, 
or  such  other  punishment  as  shall  be  ordered  by  the 
sentence  of  a  court-martial^ 

Art.  5S.  All  public  stores  taken  in  the  enemy's 
camp,  towns,  forts,  or  magazines,  whether  of  artillery, 
ammunition,  clothing,  forage,  or  provisions,  shall  be 
secured  for  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States;  for 
the  neglect  of  which  the  commanding  officer  is  to  be 
answerable. 

Art.  59.  If  any  commander  of  any  garrison,  fort- 
ress, or  post  shall  be  compelled  by  the  officers  and 
soldiers  under  his  command,  to  give  up  to  the  enemy, 
or  to  abandon  it,  the  commissioned  officers,  non-com- 
missioned officers,  or  soldiers  who  shall  be  convicted 
of  having  so  offended,  shall  suffer  death,  or  such  other 
punishment  as  shall  be  inflicted  upon  them  by  the 
sentence  of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  60.  All  sutlers  and  retainers  to  the  camp, 
and  all  persons  whatsoever,  serving  with  the  armies 
of  the  Confederate  States  in  the  field,  though  not 
enlisted  soldiers,  are  to  be  subject  to  orders,  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war. 

Art.  CI.  Officers  having  brevets  or  commissions 
of  a  prior  date  to  those  of  the  corps  in  which  they 
serve,  will  take  place  on  courts-martial  or  of  inquiry, 
and  on  boards  detailed  for  military  purposes,  when 
composed  of  different  corps,  according  to  the  ranks 
given  them  in  their  brevet  or  former  commissions,  but 
in  the  regiment,  corps  or  company  to  which  such  offi- 
cers belong,  they  shall  do  duty  and  take  rank,  both 
in  courts  and  on  boards  as  aforesaid,  which  shall  be 
composed  of  their  own  corps,  according  to  the  com- 
mission by  which  they  are  there  mustered. 

Art.  62.  If  upon  marches,  guards,  or  in  quarters, 
different  corps  shall  happen  to  join  or  do  duty  toge- 
ther, the  officer  highest  in  rank,  according  to  the  com- 


212 

mission  by  which  he  is  mustered  in  the  army,  navy, 
marine  corps,  or  militia,  there  on  duty  by  orders 
from  competent  authority,  shall  command  the  whole, 
and  give  orders  for  what  i£  needful  for  the  service,  un- 
less otherwise  directed  by  the  President  of  the  Confe- 
derate States  in  orders  of  special  assignment  providing 
for  the  case. 

Art.  63.  The  functions  of  the  engineers  being 
generally  confined  to  the  most  elevated  branch  of  mil- 
itary science,  they  are  not  to  assume,  nor  are  they 
subject  to  be  ordered  on  any  duty  beyond  the  line  of 
their  immediate  profession,  except  by  the  special  or- 
der of  the  President  of  the  Confederate  States ;  but 
they  are  to  receive  every  mark  of  respect  to  which 
their  rank  in  the  army  may  entitle  them  respectively, 
and  are  liable  to  be  transferred,  at  the  discretion  of 
the  President,  from  one  corps  to  another,  regard  being 
paid  to  rank. 

Art.  64.  General  courts-martial  may  consist  of 
any  number  of  commissioned  officers,  from  five  to 
thirteen,  inclusively  ;  but  they  shall  not  consist  of  less 
than  thirteen  where  that  number  can  be  convened 
without  manifest  injury  to  the  service. 

Art.  65.*  Any  general  officer  commanding  an 
army,  or  Colonel  commanding  a  separate  department, 
may  appoint  general  courts-martial  whenever  neces- 
sary. But  no  sentence  of  a  court-martial  shall  be 
carried  into  execution  until  after  the  whole  proceed- 
ings shall  have  been  laid  before  the  officer  ordering 
the  same,  or  the  officer  commanding  the  troops  for 
the  time  being ;  neither  shall  any  sentence  of  a  gene- 
ral court-martial,  in  the  time  of  peace,  extending  to 
the  loss  of  life,  or  the  dismission  of  a  commissioned 
officer,  or  which  shall,  either  in  time  of  peace  or  war, 
respect  a  general  officer,  be  carried  into  execution, 
until  after  the   whole   proceedings   shall   have   been 

^Modified  by  Act  of  29th  May,  1830. 


213 

transmitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be  laid  before 
the  President  of  the  Confederate  States  for  his  confir- 
mation or  disapproval,  and  orders  in  the  case.  All 
other  sentences  may  be  confirmed  and  executed  by 
the  officer  ordering  the  court  to  assemble,  or  the  com- 
manding officer  for  the  time  being,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

Art.  66.  Every  officer  commanding  a  regiment 
or  corps  may  appoint,  for  his  own  regiment  or  corps, 
courts-martial,  to  consist  of  three  commissioned  offi- 
cers, for  the  trial  and  punishment  of  offenses  not  cap- 
ital, and  decide  upon  their  sentences.  For  the  same 
purpose,  all  officers  commanding  any  of  the  garrisons, 
forts,  barracks,  or  other  places  where  the  troops  con- 
sist of  different  corps,  may  assemble  courts-martial,  to 
consist  of  three  commissioned  ofhcers,  and  decide 
upon  their  sentences. 

Art.  67.  No  garrison  or  regimental  court-martial 
shall  have  the  power  to  try  capital  cases  or  commis- 
sioned officers  ;  neither  shall  they  inflict  a  fine  exceed- 
ing one  month's  pay,  nor  imprison,  nor  put  to  hard 
labor,  any  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier  for  a 
longer  time  than  one  month. 

Art.  6S.  Whenever  it  may  be  found  convenient 
and  necessary  to  the  public  service,  the  officers  of  the 
marines  shall  be  associated  with  the  officers  of  the 
land  forces,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  courts-martial, 
and  trying  offenders  belonging  to  either  ;  and  in  such 
cases,  the  orders  of  the  senior  officer  of  either  corps 
who  may  be  present  and  duly  authorized,  shall  be  re- 
ceived and  obeyed. 

Art.  69.  The  judge  advocate,  or  some  person  de- 
puted by  him,  or  by  the  general,  or  officer  command- 
ing the  army,  detachment,  or  garrison,  shall  prosecute 
in  the  name  of  the  Confederate  States,  but  shall  so 
far  consider  himself  as  counsel  for  the  prisoner, 
after  the  said  prisoner  shall  have  made  his  plea,  as  to- 


214 

object  to  any  leading  question  to  any  of  the  witnesses, 
or  any  question  to  the  prisoner,  the  answer  to  which 
might  tend  to  criminate  himself;  and  administer  to 
each  member  of  the  court,  before  they  proceed  upon 
any  trial,  the  following  oath,  which  shall  also  be  taken 
by  all  members  of  the  regimental  and  garrison  courts- 
martial  : 

"  You,  A.  B.,  do  swear  that  you  will  well  and  truly 
try  and  determine,  according  to  evidence,  the  matter 
now  before  you,  between  the  Confederate  States  of 
America  and  the  prisoner  to  be  tried,  and  that  you 
will  duly  administer  justice,  according  to  the  provi- 
sions of  '  An  act  establishing  Rules  and  Articles  for 
the  government  of  the  armies  of  the  Confederate 
States,'  without  partiality,  favor  or  affection  ;  and  if 
any  doubt  should  arise,  not  explained  by  said  Articles, 
according  to  your  conscience,  the  best  of  your  under- 
standing, and  the  custom  of  war  in  like  cases  ;  and 
you  do  further  swear  that  you  will  not  divulge  the 
sentence  of  the  court  until  it  shall  be  published  by 
the  proper  authority  ;  neither  will  you  disclose  or  dis- 
cover the  vote  or  opinion  of  any  particular  member 
of  the  court-martial,  unless  required  to  give  evidence 
thereof,  as  a  witness,  by  a  court  of  justice,  in  a  due 
course  of  law.     So  help  you  God." 

And  as  soon  as  the  said  oath  shall  have  been  ad- 
ministered to  the  respective  members,  the  president 
of  the  court  shall  administer  to  the  judge  advocate, 
or  person  officiating  as  such,  an  oath  in  the  following 
words  : 

"You,  A.  B.,  do  swear,  that  you  will  not  disclose 
or  discover  the  vote  or  opinion  of  any'  particular 
member  of  the  court-martial,  unless  required  to  give 
evidence  thereof,  as  a  witness,  by  a  court  of  justice, 
in  due  course  of  law ;  nor  divulge  the  sentence  of  the 
court  to  any  but  the  proper  authority,  until  it  shall 
be  duly  disclosed  by  the  same.     So  help  you  God." 


215 

Art.  70.  When  a  prisoner,  arraigned  before  a 
general  court-martial,  shall,  from  obstinacy  and  de- 
liberate design,  stand  mute,  or  answer  foreign  to  the 
purpose,  the  court  may  proceed  to  trial  and  judg- 
ment as  if  the  prisoner  had  regularly  pleaded  not 
guilty. 

Art.  71.  When  a  member  shall  be  challenged  by 
a  prisoner,  he  must  state  his  cause  of  challenge,  of 
which  the  court  shall,  after  due  deliberation,  deter- 
mine the  relevancy  or  validity,  and  decide  accordingly; 
and  no  challenge  to  more  than  one  member  at  a  time 
shall  be  received  by  the  court. 

Art.  72.  All  the  members  of  a  court-martial  are 
to  behave  with  decency  and  calmness  ;  and  in  giving 
their  votes,  are  to  begin  with  the  youngest  in  com- 
mission. 

Art.  73.  All  persons  who  give  evidence  before  a 
court-martial,  are  to  be  examined  on  oath  or  affirma- 
tion, in  the  following  form  : 

"  You  swear,  or  affirm  (as  the  case  may  be,)  the 
evidence  you  shall  give  in  the  cause  now  in  hearing, 
shall  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but 
the  truth.     So  help  you  God." 

Art.  74.  On  the  trials  of  cases  not  capital,  before 
courts-martial,  the  deposition  of  witnesses,  not  in 
the  line  or  staff  of  the  army,  ma}^  be  taken  before 
some  justice  of  the  peace,  and  read  in  evidence  ;  pro- 
vided the  prosecutor  and  person  accused  are  present 
at  the  taking  the  same,  or  are  duly  notified  thereof. 

Art.  75.  No  officer  shall  be  tried  but  by  a  general 
court-martial,  nor  by  officers  of  an  inferior  rank,  if  it 
can  be  avoided.  Nor  shall  any  proceedings  of  trials 
be  carried  on,  excepting  between  the  hours  of  eight 
in  th°  morning  and  three  n  the  afternoon,  excepting 
in  cases  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  officer  appointing 
the  court-martial,  require  immediate  example. 

Art.    76.     No  person  whatsoever  shall  use  any 


216 

menancing  words,  signs  or  gestures,  in  presence  of  a 
court-martial,  or  shall  cause  any  disorder  or  riot,  or 
disturb  their  proceedings,  on  the  penalty  of  being 
punished  at  the  discretion  of  the  said  court-martial. 

Art.  77.  Whenever  any  officer  shall  be  charged 
with  a  crime,  he  shall  be  arrested  and  confined  in  his 
barracks,  quarters,  or  tent,  and  deprived  of  his  sword 
by  his  commanding  officer.  And  any  officer  who 
shall  leave  his  confinement  before  he  shall  be  set  at 
liberty  by  his  commanding  officer,  or  by  a  superior 
officer,  shall  be  cashiered. 

Art.  78.  Non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers, 
charged  with  crimes,  shall  be  confined  until  tried  by 
a  court-martial,  or  released  by  proper  authority. 

Art.  79.  No  officer  or  soldier  wTho  shall  be  put  in 
arrest,  shall  continue  in  confinement  more  than  eight 
days,  or  until  such  time  as  a  court-martial  can  be  as- 
sembled. 

Art.  80.  No  officer  commanding  a  guard,  or  pro- 
vost marshal,  shall  refuse  to  receive  or  keep  any  pri- 
soner committed  to  his  charge  by  an  officer  belonging 
to  the  forces  of  the  Confederate  States  ;  provided  the 
officer  committing  shall,  at  the  same  time,  deliver  an 
account  in  writing,  signed  by  himself,  of  the  crime 
with  which  the  said  prisoner  is  charged. 

Art.  81.  No  officer  commanding  a  guard,  or  pro- 
vost marshal,  shall  presume  to  release  any  person 
committed  to  his  charge  without  proper  authority  for 
so  doing,  nor  shall  he  suffer  any  person  to  escape,  on 
the  penalty  of  being  punished  for  it  by  the  sentence 
of  a  court-martial. 

Art.  82.  Every  officer  or  provost  marshal,  to 
whose  charge  prisoners  shall  be  committed,  shall, 
within  twenty-four  hours  after  such  commitment,  or 
as  soon  as  he  shall  be  relieved  from  his  guard,  make 
report  in  writing,  to  the  commanding  officer,  of  their 
names,  their  crimes,  and  the  names  of  the  officers  who 


217 

committed  them,  on  the  penalty  of  being  punished 
for  disobedience  or  neglect,  at  the  discretion  of  a 
court-martial. 

Art.  83.  Any  commissioned  officer  convicted  be- 
fore a  general  court-martial  of  conduct  unbecoming 
an  officer  and  a  gentleman,  shall  be  dismissed  the 
service. 

Art.  84.  In  cases  where  a  court-martial  may 
think  it  proper  to  sentence  a  commissioned  officer  to 
be  suspended  from  command,  they  shall  have  power 
also  to  suspend  his  pay  and  emoluments  for  the  same 
time,  according  to  the  nature  and  heinousness  of  the 
offense. 

Art.  S5.  In  all  cases  where  a  commissioned  offi- 
cer is  cashiered  for  cowardice  or  fraud,  it  shall  be 
added  in  the  sentence,  that  the  crime,  name,  and  place 
of  abode,  and  punishment  of  delinquent,  be  published 
in  the  newspaper?  in  and  about  the  camp,  and  of  the 
particular  State  from  which  the  offender  came,  or 
where  he  usually  resides  ;  after  which  it  shall  be 
deemed  scandalous  for  an  officer  to  associate  with 
him. 

Art.  S6.  The  commanding  officer  of  any  post  or 
detachment,  in  which  there  shall  not  be  a  number  of 
officers  adequate  to  form  a  general  court-martial,  shall, 
in  cases  which  require  the  cognizance  of  such  a  court, 
report  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  department, 
who  shall  order  a  court  to  be  assembled  at  the  near- 
est post  or  department,  and  the  party  accused,  with 
necessary  witnesses,  to  be  transported  to  the  place 
where  the  said  court  shall  be  assembled. 

Art.  S7*  No  person  shall  be  sentenced  to  suffer 
death  but  by  the   concurrence   of  two-thirds   of  the 

*  So  much  of  these  rules  and  articles  as  authorizes  the  infliction  of 
corporeal  punishment  by  stripes  or  lashes,  was  specially  repealed  by- 
act  of  16th  May,  1812.  By  act  of  2d  March,  1833,  the  repealing  act 
was  repealed,  so  far  as  it  applied  to  the  crime  of  desertion,  which,  of 
course,  revived  the  punishment  by  lashes  for  that  offense. 

S 


218 

members  of  a  general  court-martial,  nor  except  in  the 
cases  herein  expressly  mentioned  ;  Nor  shall  more  than 
fifty  lashes  be  inflicted  on  any  offender,  at  the  discretion 
of  a  court-martial ;  and  no  officer,  non-commissioned 
officer,  soldier,  or  follower  of  the  army,  shall  be  tried 
a  second  time  for  the  same  offense. 

Art.  88.  No  person  shall  be  liable  to  be  tried  and 
punished  by  a  general  court-martial  for  any  offense 
which  shall  appear  to  have  been  committed  more  than 
two  years  before  the  issuing  of  the  order  for  such  tri- 
al, unless  the  person,  by  reason  of  having  absented 
himself,  or  some  other  manifest  impediment,  shall  not 
have  been  amenable  to  justice  within  that  period. 

Aet.  89.  Every  officer  authorized  to  order  a  gen- 
eral court-martial  shall  have  power  to  pardon  or  mit- 
igate any  punishment  ordered  by  such  court,  except 
the  sentence  of  death,  or  of  cashiering  an  officer; 
which,  in  the  cases  where  he  has  authority  (by  Article 
65)  to  carry  them  into  execution,  he  may  suspend,  un- 
til the  pleasure  of  the  President  of  the  Confederate 
States  can  be  known ;  which  suspension,  together  with 
copies  of  the  proceedings  of  the  court-martial,  the 
said  officer  shall  immediately  transmit  to  the  President 
for  his  determination.  And  the  Colonel  or  command- 
ing officer  of  the  regiment  or  garrison  where  any  reg- 
imental or  garrison  court-martial  shall  be  held,  may 
pardon  or  mitigate  any  punishment  ordered  by  such 
court  to  be  inflicted. 

Art.  90.  Every  judge  advocate,  or  person  offici- 
ating as  such,  at  any  general  court-martial,  shall 
transmit,  with  as  much  expedition  as  the  opportunity 
of  time  and  distance  of  place  can  admit,  the  original 
proceedings  and  sentence  of  such  court-martial  to  the 
Secretary  of  War ;  which  said  original  proceedings 
and  sentence  shall  be  carefully  kept  and  preserved  in 
the  office  of  said  Secretary,  to  the  end  that  the  per- 
sons entitled  thereto  may  be  enabled,  upon  application 
to  the  said  office,  to  obtain  copies  thereof. 


219 

The  party  tried  by  any  general  court-martial  shall, 
upon  demand  thereof,  made  by  himself,  or  by  any 
person  or  persons  in  his  behalf,  be  entitled  to  a  ropy 
of  the  sentence  and  proceedings  of  such  court-martial. 

Art.  91.  In  cases  where  the  general,  or  command- 
ing officer  may  order  a  court  of  inquiry  to  examine 
into  the  nature  of  any  transaction,  accusation,  or  im- 
putation against  any  officer  or  soldier,  the  said  court 
shall  consist  of  one  or  more  officers,  not  exceeding 
three,  and  a  judge  advocate,  or  other  suitable  person, 
as  a  recorder,  to  reduce  the  proceedings  and  evidence 
to  writing  ;  all  of  whom  shall  be  sworn  to  the  faithful 
performance  of  their  duty.  This  court  shall  have 
the  same  power  to  summon  witnesses  as  a  court-mar- 
tial, and  to  examine  them  on  oath.  But  they  shall 
not  give  their  opinion  on  the  merits  of  the  case,  ex- 
cepting they  shall  be  thereto  specially  required.  The 
parties  accused  shall  also  be  permitted  to  cross-exam- 
ine and  interrogate  the  witnesses,  so  as  to  investigate 
fully  the  circumstances  in  the  question. 

Art.  92.  The  proceedings  of  a  court  of  inquiry 
must  be  authenticated  by  the  signature  of  the  recorder 
and  the  president,  and  delivered  to  the  commanding 
officer,  and  the  said  proceedings  may  be  admitted  as 
evidence  by  a  court-martial,  in  cases  not  capital,  or 
extending  to  the  dismission  of  an  officer,  provided 
that  the  circircumstances  are  such  that  oral  testimony 
cannot  be  obtained.  But  as  courts  of  inquiry  may  be 
perverted  to  dishonorable  purposes,  and  may  be  con- 
sidered as  engines  of  destruction  to  military  merit,  in 
the  hands  of  weak  and  envious  commandants,  they 
are  hereby  prohibited,  unless  directed  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Confederate  States,  or  demanded  by  the 
accused. 

Art.  93.  The  judge  advocate  or  recorder  shall 
administer  to  the  members  the  following  oath  : 

"  You  shall  well  and  truly  examine  and  inquire,  ac- 


A 


220 

cording  to  your  evidence,  into  the  matter  now  before 
you,  without  partiality,  favor,  affection,  prejudice,  or 
hope  of  reward.     So  help  you  God." 

After  which  the  president  shall  administer  to  the 
judge  advocate  or  recorder  the  following  oath : 

"  You,  A.  B.,  do  swear  that  you  will,  according  to 
your  best  abilities,  accurately  and  impartially  record 
the  proceedings  of  the  court,  and  the  evidence  to  be 
given  in  the  case  in  hearing.     So  help  you  God." 

The  witnesses  shall  take  the  same  oath  as  witnesses 
sworn  before  a  court-martial. 

Art.  94.  When  any  commissioned  officer  shall  die 
or  be  killed  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States, 
the  major  of  the  regiment,  or  the  officer  doing  the 
major's  duty  in  his  absence,  or  in  any  post  or  garrison, 
the  second  officer  in  command,  or  the  assistant  mili- 
tary agent,  shall  immediately  secure  all  his  effects  or 
equipage,  then  in  camp  or  quarters,  and  shall  make 
an  inventory  thereof,  and  forthwith  transmit  the  same 
to  the  office  of  the  Department  of  War,  to  the  end 
that  his  executors  or  administrators  may  receive  the 
same. 

/  Art.  95.  When  any  non-commissioned  officer  or 
soldier  shall  die,  or  be  killed  in  the  service  of  the 
Confederate  States,  the  then  commanding  officer  of 
the  troop  or  company  shall,  in  the  presence  of  two 
other  commissioned  officers,  take  an  account  of  what 
effects  he  died  possessed  of,  above  his  arms  and  accou- 
trements, and  transmit  the  same  to  the  office  of  the  De- 
partment of  War,  which  said  effects  are  to  be  accounted 
for,  and  paid  to  the  representatives  of  such  deceased  non- 
commissioned officer  or  soldier.  And  in  case  any  of  the 
officers,  so  authorized  to  take  care  of  the  effects  of 
deceased  officers  and  soldiers,  should,  before  they  have 
accounted  to  their  representatives  for  the  same,  have 
occasion  to  leave  the  regiment  or  post,  by  preferment 
or  otherwise,  they  shall,  before  they  be   permitted  to 


221 

quit  the  same,  deposit  in  the  hands  of  the  command- 
ins:  officer,  or  of  the  assistant  military  agent,  all  the 
effects  of  such  deceased  non-commissioned  officers 
and  soldiers,  in  order  that  the  same  may  be  secured 
for,  and  paid  to,  their  respective  representatives. 

Art.  96.  All  officers,  conductors,  gunners,  matros- 
ses,  drivers,  or  other  persons  whatsoever,  receiving- 
pay  or  hire  in  the  servi  f  the  artillery,  or  corps  of 
engineers  of  the  Confederate  States,  shall  be  governed 
by  the  aforesaid  Rules  and  Articles,  and  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  be  tried  by  courts-martial,  in  like  manner  with 
the  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  other  troops  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Confederate  States. 

Art.  97.  The  officers  and  soldiers  of  any  troops, 
whether  militia  or  others,  being  mustered  and  in  pay  of 
the  Confederate  States  shall,  at  all  times  and  in  all  places, 
when  joined,  or  acting  in  conjunction  with  the  regu- 
lar forces  of  the  Confederate  States,  be  governed  by 
these  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  shall  be  subject 
to  be  tried  by  courts-martial,  in  like  manner  with 
the  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  regular  forces ;  save 
only  that  such  courts-martial  shall  be  composed  en- 
tirely of  militia  officers. 

Art.  98.  All  officers  serving  by  commission  from 
the  authority  of  any  particular  State,  shall,  on  all 
detachments,  courts-martial,  or  other  duty,  wherein 
they  may  be  employed  in  conjunction  with  the 
regular  forces  of  the  Confederate  States,  take  rank 
next  after  all  officers  of  the  like  grade  in  said  regular 
forces,  notwithstanding  the  commissions  of  such 
militia  or  State  officers  may  be  elder  than  the  com- 
missions of  the  officers  of  the  regular  forces  of  the 
Confederate  States. 

Art.  99.  All  crimes  not  capital,  and  all  disorders 
and  neglects  which  officers  and  soldiers  may  be 
guilty  of,  to  the  prejudice  of  good  order  and  military 
discipline,  though   not   mentioned  in   the  foregoing 

si 


222 

Articles  of  War,  are  to  be  taken  cognizance  of  by 
a  general  or  regimental  court-martial,  according  to 
the  nature  and  degree  of  the  offense,  and  be  punished 
at  their  discretion. 

Art.  100.  The  President  of  the  Confederate  States 
shall  have  power  to  prescribe  the  uniform  of  the 
army. 

Art.  101.  The  foregoing  Articles  are  to  be  read 
and  published,  once  in  every  six  months,  to  every 
garrison,  regiment,  troop,  or  company,  mustered, 
or  to  be  mustered,  in  the  service  of  the  Confede- 
rate States,  and  are  to  be  duly  observed  and  obeyed 
by  all  officers  and  soldiers  who  are,  or  shall  be,  in 
said  service. 

Section  2.  That  in  time  of  war,  all  persons  not 
citizens  of,  or  owing  allegiance  to,  the  Confederate 
States  of  America,  who  shall  be  found  lurking  as 
spies  in  or  about  the  fortifications  or  encampments 
of  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States,  or  any  of 
them,  shall  suffer  death,  according  to  the  law 
and  usage  of  nations,  by  sentence  of  a  general  court- 
martial. 

Section  3.  That  the  rules  and  regulations  by 
which  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States  have 
heretofore  been  governed,  and  the  resolves  of  Con- 
gress thereunto  annexed,  and  respecting  the  same, 
shall  henceforth  be  void  and  of  no  effect,  except  so 
far  as  may  relate  to  any  transactions  under  them 
prior  to  the  promulgation  of  this  act,  at  the  several 
posts  and  garrisons  respectively,  occupied  by  any  part 
of  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States. 

[Passed,  April  10th,  1806.] 


223 


EXTRACTS  FROM  ACTS  OF  CONGRESS. 


1. -If  any  non-commissioned  officer,  musician,  or 
private,  shall  desert  the  service  of  the  Confederate 
States,  he  shall,  in  addition  to  the  penalties  mentioned 
in  the  Rales  and  Articles  of  War,  be  liable  to  serve 
for  and  during  such  a  period  as  shall,  with  the  time 
he  may  have  served  previous  to  his  desertion,  amount 
to  the  full  term  of  his  enlistment ;  and  such  soldier 
shall  and  may  be  tried  by  a  court-martial,  and  pun- 
ished, although  the  term  of  his  enlistment  may  have 
elapsed  previous  to  his  being  apprehended  or  tried. — 
Act  16th  March,  1S02,  Sec.  18. 

2.. No  officer  or  soldier  in  the  army  of  the  Con- 
federate States  shall  be  subject  to  the  punishment 
of  death  for  desertion  in  time  of  peace. — Act  29th 
May,  1830. 

3.. So  much  of  the  "Act  for  establishing  rules 
and  articles  for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States,"  as  authorizes  the  infliction  of  corpo- 
real punishment  by  stripes  or  lashes,  shall  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby  repealed. — Act  16th  May,  1S12, 
Sec.  7. 

4.. The  seventh  section  of  the  act  entitled  "  An 
act  making  further  provisions  for  the  army  of  the 
United  States,"  passed  on  the  16th  of  May,  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  twelve,  shall  be,  and  the 
same  is  hereby  repealed,  so  far  as  it  applies  to  any 
enlisted  soldier  who  shall  be  convicted  by  a  general 
court-martial  of  the  crime  of  desertion. — Act  2d 
March,  1S33,  Sec.  7. 

5.. Whenever  a  general  officer  commanding  an 
army,  or  a  colonel  commanding  a  separate  depart- 
ment,   shall   be   the   accuser   or   prosecutor   of  any 


224 

officer  in  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States  under 
his  command,  the  general  court-martial  for  the  trial 
of  such  officer  shall  be  appointed  by  the  President 
of  the  Confederate  States.  —  Act  29th  May,  1830. 
Sec.  i. 

6.  .The  proceedings  and  sentence  of  the  said  court 
shall  be  sent  directly  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  be 
by  him  laid  before  the  President  for  his  confirmation 
or  approval,  or  orders  in  the  case. — Act  '29th  Mai), 
1 830,  Sec.  2. 

7.. So  much  of  the  sixty-fifth  article  of  the  first 
section  of  "  An  act  for  establishing  rules  and  articles 
for  the  government  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States,"  passed  on  the  10th  of  April,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  six,  as  is  repugnant  hereto,  shall  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby  repealed. — Act  29th  May,  1830, 
Sec.  3. 

8 . .  That  if  any  person  shall  sell,  exchange,  or 
give,  barter  or  dispose  of,  any  spirituous  liquor  or 
wine  to  an  Indian  (in  the  Indian  country),  such  per- 
son shall  forfeit  and  pay  the  sum  of  five  hundred 
dollars ;  and  if  any  person  shall  introduce,  or  attempt 
to  introduce  any  spirituous  liquor  or  wine  into  the 
Indian  country,  except  such  supplies  as  shall  be 
necessary  for  the  officers  of  the  Confederate  States 
and  troops  of  the  service,  under  the  direction  of  the 
War  department,  such  person  shall  forfeit  and  pay  a 
sum  not  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars ;  and  if  any 
superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  Indian  agent  or  sub- 
agent,  or  commanding  officer  of  a  military  post,  has 
reason  to  suspect,  or  is  informed,  that  any  white 
person  or  Indian  is  about  to  introduce,  or  has  intro- 
duced, any  spirituous  liquor  or  wine  into  the  Indian 
country,  in  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  section, 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  such  superintendent,  Indian 
agent  or  sub-agent,  or  military  officer,  agreeably  to 
such  regulations  as  may  be  established  by  the  Presi- 


225 

dent  of  the  Confederate  States,  to  cause  the  boats, 
stores,  packages,  and  places  of  deposit  of  such  per- 
son to  be  searched,  and  if  any  such  spirituous  liquor 
or  wine  is  found,  the  goods,  boats,  packages,  and 
peltries  of  such  persons  shall  be  seized  and  delivered 
to  the  proper  officer,  and  shall  be  proceeded  against 
by  libel,  in  the  proper  court,  and  forfeited,  one-half 
to  the  use  of  the  informer,  and  the  other  half  to  the 
use  of  the  Confederate  States;  and  if  such  person  is 
a  trader,  his  license  shall  be  revoked  and  his  bond  put 
in  suit.  And  it  shall  moreover  be  lawful  for  any 
person  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  or  for 
any  Indian,  to  take  and  destroy  any  ardent  spirits  or 
wine  found  in  the  Indian  country,  excepting  military 
supplies,  as  mentioned  in  this  section. — Act  30th  June, 
1834,  Sec.  20. 

9.  .That  if  any  person  whatever  shall,  within  the 
limits  of  the  Indian  country,  set  up  or  continue  any 
distillery  for  manufacturing  ardent  spirits,  he  shall 
forfeit  and  pay  a  penalty  of  one  thousand  dollars,  and 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  superintendent  of  Indian 
affairs,  Indian  agent,  or  sub-agent,  within  the  limits 
of  whose  agency  the  same  shall  be  set  up  or  contin- 
ued, forthwith  to  destroy  and  break  up  the  same;  and 
it  shall  be  lawful  to  employ  the  military  force  of  the 
Confederate  States  in  executing  that  duty. — Act  30th 
June,  1S34,  Sec.  21. 

10.  .That  the  twentieth  section  of  the  "  Act  to  re- 
gulate trade  and  intercourse  with  the  Indian  tribes, 
and  to  preserve  peace  on  the  frontiers,"  approved 
June  30th,  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-four,  be,  and 
the  same  is  hereby  .so  amended,  that,  in  addition  to 
the  fines  thereby  imposed,  any  person  who  shall  sell, 
exchange,  or  barter,  give,  or  dispose  of,  any  spirituous 
liquor  or  wine  to  an  Indian,  in  the  Indian  country,  or 
who  shall  introduce,  or  attempt  to  introduce,  any  spi- 
rituous liquor  or  wine  into  the  Indian  country,  except 


226 

such  supplies  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  officers  of 
the  Confederate  States  and  the  troops  of  the  service, 
under  the  direction  of  the  War  Department,  such  per-  • 
son,  on  conviction  thereof,  before  the  proper  district 
court  of  the  Confederate  States,  shall,  in  the  former 
case  be  subject  to  imprisonment  for  a  period  not 
exceeding  two  years,  and  in  the  latter  case  not  ex- 
ceeding one  year,  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  court, 
according  to  the  extent  and  criminality  of  the  offense. 
And  in  all  prosecutions  arising  under  this  section,  and 
under  the  twentieth  section  of  the  act  to  regulate 
trade  and  intercourse  with  the  Indian  tribes,  and  to 
preserve  peace  on  the  frontiers,  approved  June  thir- 
tieth, eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-four,  to  which  this 
is  an  amendment,  Indians  shall  be  competent  witneses- 
Act  3d  March,  1847,  Sec.  2. 

11.. That  no  annuities,  or  moneys,  or  goods  shall 
be  paid  or  distributed  to  the  Indians  while  they  are 
under  the  influence  of  any  description  of  intoxicating 
liquor  ;  nor  while  there  are  good  and  sufficient  reasons 
for  the  officers  or  agents,  whose  duty  it  may  be  to 
make  such  payments  or  distributions,  for  believing 
that  there  is  any  species  of  intoxicating  liquor  within 
convenient  reach  of  the  Indians  ;  nor  until  the  chiefs 
and  head  men  of  the  tribe  shall  have  pledged  them- 
selves to  use  all  their  influence,  and  to  make  all  pro- 
per exertions  to  prevent  the  introduction,  and  sale  of 
such  liquor  in  their  country. — Act  3d  March,  1847, 
Sec.  3. 


227 


ACTS  RELATING  TO  THE  ARMY, 

Passed  by  the  Confederate  State*  Congress. 
No.  37.]  AN   ACT 

For  the  Establishment  and  Organization  of  a    General   Staff  for  the 
Army  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact.  That  from  and  after  the  passing 
of  this  act,  the  general  staff  of  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  shall  consist  of  an  Adjutant  and 
Inspector-General's  Department,  Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral's Department,  Subsistence  Department,  and  the 
Medical  Department. 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Adjutant  and 
Inspector-General's  Department  shall  consist  of  one 
Adjutant  and  Inspector-General  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  four  Assistant  Adjutants-General  with  the 
rank  of  Major,  and  four  Assistant  Adjutants-General 
with  the  rank  of  Captain. 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General's Department  shall  consist  of  one  Quar- 
termaster-General with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  six 
Quartermasters  with  the  rank  of  major;  and  as  many 
Assistant  Quartermasters  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 
required  by  the  service  may  be  detailed  by  the  War 
Department  from  the  subalterns  of  the  line,  who,  in 
addition  to  their  pay  in  the  line,  shall  receive  twenty 
dollars  per  month  while  engaged  in  that  service.  The 
quartermasters  herein  provided  for  shall  also  discharge 
the  duties  of  Paymasters,  under  such  regulations  as 
may  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Sec.  4.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Commissary- 
( teneral's  Department  shall  consist  of  one  Com  mis- 


228 

sary-General  with  the  rank  of  Colonel,  four  Commis- 
saries with  the  rank  of  captain;  and  as  many  Assistant 
Commissaries  as  may  from  time  to  time  be  required 
by  the  service  may  be  detailed  by  the  War  Depart- 
ment from  the  subalterns  of  the  line,  who,  in  addition 
to  their  pay  in  the  line,  shall  receive  twenty  dollars 
per  month  while  engaged  in  that  service.  The  as- 
sistant quartermasters  and  assistant  commissaries  shall 
be  subject  to  duties  in  both  departments  at  the  same 
time,  but  shall  not  receive  the  additional  compensa- 
tion but  in  one  department. 

Sec.  5.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Medical 
Department  shall  consist  of  one  Surgeon-General  with 
the  rank  of  colonel,  four  Surgeons  with  the  rank  of 
major,  and  six  Assistant  Surgeons  with  the  rank  of 
captain ;  and  as  many  Assistant  Surgeons  as  the  ser- 
vice may  require  may  be  employed  by  the  Department 
of  War,  and  receive  the  pay  of  assistant  surgeons. 

Sec.  6.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  officers  of 
the  Adjutant-General's,  Quartermaster-General's  and 
Commissary-General's  Department,  though  eligible  to 
command,  according  to  the  rank  they  hold  in  the  ar- 
my of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  shall  not 
assume  command  of  troops,  unless  put  on  duty  under 
orders  which  specially  so  direct  by  authority  of  the 
President.  The  officers  of  the  Medical  Department 
shall  not  exercise  command  except  in  their  own  de- 
partment. 

Sec.  7.  Be  it  further  enacte d,  That  the  staff  officers 
herein  provided  for  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent, by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Congress,  and  shall  receive  such  pay  and  allowances 
as  shall  be  hereafter  established  by  law. 

Approved,  February  26,  1861. 


229 


No.  43.]  AN    ACT 

To  Raise  Provisional  Forces  for   the   Confederate  Slates  of  America, 
and  for  other  purposes. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America,  do  enact,  That  to  enable  the  Government 
of  the  Confederate  States  to  maintain  its  jurisdiction 
over  all  questions  of  peace  and  war,  and  to  provide 
for  the  public  defense,  the  President  be  and  he  is 
hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  assume  control  of  all 
military  operations  in  every  state,  having  reference  to 
or  connection  with  questions  between  said  states,  or 
any  of  them,  and  powers  foreign  to  them. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Presi- 
dent is  hereby  authorized  to  receive  from  the  several 
states  the  arms  and  munitions  of  war  which  have 
been  acquired  from  the  United  States,  and  which  are 
now  in  the  forts,  arsenals  and  navy-yards  of  the  said 
states,  and  all  other  arms  and  munitions  which  they 
may  desire  to  turn  ever  and  make  chargeable  to  this 
government. 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  that  the  President  be 
authorized  to  receive  into  the  service  of  this  govern- 
ment such  forces  now  in  the  service  of  said  states  as 
may  be  tendered,  or  who  may  volunteer,  by  consent 
of  their  state,  in  such  numbers  as  he  may  require,  for 
any  time  not  less  than  twelve  months,  unless  sooner 
discharged. 

Sec.  4.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  such  forces 
may  be  received,  with  their  officers,  by  companies, 
battalions  or  regiments,  and  when  so  received,  shall 
form  a  part  of  the  Provisional  Army  of  the  Confede- 
rate States,  according  to  the  terms  of  their  enlist- 
ment ;  and  the  President  shall  appoint,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  Congress,  such  general  offi- 
cer or  officers  for  said  forces  as  may  be  necessary  for 
the  service. 


230 

Sec.  5.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  said  forces,  when 
received  into  the  service  of  this  government,  shall  have 
the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  may  be  provided  by 
law  for  volunteers  entering  the  service,  or  for  the  ar- 
my of  the  Confederate  States,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
the  same  rules  and  government. 

ArrnovED,  February  28,  1861. 


No.  48.]  AN  ACT 

To  Provide  for  the  Public  Defense. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That,  in  order  to  provide  speedily 
forces  to  repel  invasion,  maintain  the  rightful  posses- 
sion of  the  Confederate  States  of  America  in  every 
portion  of  territory  belonging  to  each  State,  and  to 
secure  the  public  tranquility  and  independence  against 
threatened  assault,  the  President  be,  and  he  is  hereby 
authorized  to  employ  the  militia,  military  and  naval 
forces  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  and  to 
ask  for  and  accept  the  services  of  any  number  of  volun- 
teers, not  exceeding  one  hundred  thousand,  who  may 
offer  their  services,  either  as  cavalry,  mounted  rifle- 
men, artillery,  or  infantry,  in  such  proportion  of  these 
several  arms  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  to  serve 
for  twelve  months  after  they  shall  be  mustered  into 
service,  unless  sooner  discharged. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  militia, 
when  called  into  service  by  virtue  of  this  act,  or  any 
other  act,  if  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  the 
public  interest  requires,  may  be  compelled  to  serve 
for  a  term  not  exceeding  six  months  after  they  shall 
be  mustered  into  service,  unless  sooner  discharged. 

Sec.  3.  And  he  it  further  enacted,  That  said  volun- 
teers shall  furnish  their  own  clothes,  and,  if  mounted 
men,  their  own  horses  and  horse  equipments;  and 
when   mustered  into  service,   shall  be  armed  by  the 


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States  from  which  they  come,  or   by   the  Confede- 
rate States  of  America. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  said  volun- 
teers shall,  when  called  into  actual  service,  and  while 
remaining  therein,  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles 
of  war,  and  instead  of  clothing,  every  non-commis- 
sioned officer  and  private  in  any  company  shall  be 
entitled,  when  called  into  actual  service,  to  money, 
in  a  sum  equal  to  the  cost  of  clothing  of  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer  or  private  in  the  regular  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  of  America. 

Sec.  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said 
volunteers  so  offering  their  services  may  be  accepted 
by  the  President,  in  companies,  squadrons,  battalions 
and  regiments,  whose  officers  shall  be  appointed  in 
the  manner  prescribed  by  law  in  the  several  States 
to  which  they  shall  respectively  belong  ;  but  when 
inspected,  mustered,  and  received  into  the  service  of 
the  Confederate  States,  said  troops  shall  be  regarded 
in  all  respects  as  a  part  of  the  army  of  said  Confede- 
rate States,  according  to  the  terms  of  their  respective 
enlistments. 

Sec.  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  Presi- 
dent is  hereby  authorized  to  organize  companies  so 
tendering  their  services  into  battalions  or  squadrons, 
battalions  or  squadrons  into  regiments,  regiments  into 
brigades,  and  brigades  into  divisions,  whenever  in  his 
judgment  such  organization  may  be  expedient ;  and 
whenever  brigades  or  divisions  shall  be  organized,  the 
President  shall  appoint  the  commanding  officers  for 
such  brigades  and  divisions,  subject  to  the  confirma- 
tion of  Congress,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  only 
while  such  brigades  and  divisions  are  in  service ;  and 
the  President,  shall,  if  necessary,  apportion  the  staff 
and  general  officers  among  the  respective  States  from 
which  the  volunteers  shall  tender  their  services,  as  he 
may  deem  proper. 


232 

Sec.  7.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  whenever 
the  militia  or  volunteers  are  called  and  received  into 
the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  under  the 
provisions  of  this  act,  they  shall  have  the  same 
organization,  and  shall  have  the  same  pay  and  allow- 
ances as  may  be  provided  for  the  regular  army  ;  and 
all  mounted  non-commissioned  officers,  privates, 
musicians  and  artificers,  shall  be  allowed  forty  cents 
per  day  for  the  use  and  risk  of  their  horses ;  and  if 
any  volunteer  shall  not  keep  himself  provided  with 
a  serviceable  horse,  such  volunteer  shall  serve  on 
foot.  For  horses  killed  in  action,  volunteers  shall  be 
allowed  compensation  according  to  their  appraised 
value  at  the  date  of  muster  into  service. 

Sec.  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  field 
and  staff  officers  of  a  separate  battalion  of  volunteers 
shall  be  one  lieutenant-colonel  or  major,  one  adjutant 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant,  one  sergeant-major,  one 
quartermaster-sergeant,  and  a  chief  bugler  or  princi- 
pal musician,  according  to  corps;  and  that  each 
company  shall  be  entitled  to  an  additional  second 
lieutenant ;  and  that  the  President  may  limit  the 
privates  in  any  volunteer  company,  according  to  his 
discretion,  at  from  sixty-four  to  one  hundred. 

Sec.  9.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  when 
volunteers  or  militia  are  called  into  the  service  of  the 
Confederate  States  in  such  numbers  that  the  officers 
of  the  quartermaster,  commissary,  and  medical  de- 
partments, which  may  be  authorized  by  law  for  the 
regular  service,  are  not  sufficient  to  provide  for  the 
supplying,  quartering,  transporting,  and  furnishing 
them  with  the  requisite  medical  attendance,  it  shall 
be  lawful  for  the  President  to  appoint,  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  Congress,  as  many  additional 
officers  of  said  departments  as  the  service  may 
require,  not  exceeding  one  commissary  and  one  quar- 
termaster for  each  brigade,  with  the  rank  of  major, 


233 

and  one  assistant  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of 
captain,  one  assistant  commissary  with  the  rank  of 
captain,  one  surgeon  and  one  assistant  surgeon  for 
each  regiment;  the  said  quartermasters  and  commis- 
saries, assistant  quartermasters  and  commissaries,  to 
give  bonds  with  good  sureties  for  the  faithful  per- 
formance of  their  duties,  the  said  officers  to  be 
allowed  the  same  pay  and  emoluments  as  shall  be 
allowed  to  officers  of  the  same  grade  in  the  regular 
service,  and  to  be  subject  to  the  rules  and  articles 
of  war,  and  to  continue  in  service  only  so  long  as 
their  services  may  be  required  in  connection  with  the 
militia  or  volunteers. 

Sec.  10.  And  he  it  further  enacted^  That  the  Presi- 
dent be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  purchase  or 
charter,  arm,  equip  and  man  such  merchant  vessels 
and  steamships  or  boats  as  may  be  found  fit?  or  easily 
converted  into  armed  vessels,  and  in  such  number  as 
he  may  deem  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  sea- 
board and  the  general  defense  of  the  country. 

Approved,  March  6, 1861. 


No.  52.]  AN     ACT 

For  the  Establishment  and  Organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Confederal 

States  of  America. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  from  and  after  the  passage 
of  this  act  the  military  establishment  of  the  Confede- 
rate States  shall  be  composed  of  one  corps  of  engi- 
neers, one  corps  of  artillery,  six  regiments  of  infantry, 
one  regiment  of  cavalry,  and  of  the  staff  departments 
already  established  by  law. 

Sec.  2.  The  corps  of  engineers  shall  consist  of 
one  colonel,  four  majors,  five  captains,  and  one  com- 
pany of  sappers,  miners  and  pontoniers,  which  shall 
consist  of  ten  sergeants  or  master  workmen,  ten  cor- 
porals  or   overseers,  two  musicians,   and   thirty-nine 

Tl 


234 

privates  of  the  first  class,  or  artificers,  and  thirty-nine 
privates  of  the  second  class,  or  laborers,  making  in  all 
one  hundred. 

Sec.  3.  The  said  company  shall  be  officered  by 
one  captain  of  the  corps  of  engineers,  and  as  many 
lieutenants,  to  be  selected  by  the  President  from  the 
line  of  the  army,  as  he  may  deem  necessary  for  the 
service,  and  shall  be  instructed  in  and  perform  all  the 
duties  of  sappers,  miners  and  pontoniers,  and  shall, 
moreover,  under  the  orders  of  the  chief  engineer,  be 
liable  to  serve  by  detachments  in  overseeing  and  aid- 
ing laborers  upon  fortifications  or  other  works,  under 
the  engineer  department,  and  in  supervising  finished 
fortifications,  as  fort-keepers,  preventing  injury  and 
making  repairs. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  colonel  of  the 
engineer  corps,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  to  prescribe  the  number,  quantity,  form, 
dimensions,  &c,  of  the  necessary  vehicles,  arms,  pon- 
toons, tools,  implements,  and  other  supplies  for  the 
service  of  the  said  company  as  a  body  of  sappers, 
miners  and  pontoniers. 

Sec.  5.  The  Corps  of  Artillery,  which  shall 
also  be  charged  with  ordnance  duties,  shall  con- 
sist of  one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  ten 
majors,  and  forty  companies  of  artillerists  and 
artificers,  and  each  company  shall  consist  of  one 
captain,  two  first  lieutenants,  one  second  lieutenant, 
four  sergeants,  four  corporals,  two  musicians,  and 
seventy  privates.  There  shall  also  be  one  adjutant,  to 
be  selected  by  the  colonel  from  the  first  lieutenants, 
and  one  sergeant-major,  to  be  selected  from  the  en- 
listed men  of  the  corps.  The  President  may  equip 
as  light  batteries,  of  six  pieces  each,  such  of  these 
companies  as  he  may  deem  expedient,  not  exceeding 
four  in  time  of  peace. 

Sec.  6.     Each  regiment  of  infantry  shall  consist  of 


235 

one  colonel,  one  lieutenant- colonel,  one  major,  and 
ten  companies ;  each  company  shall  consist  of  one 
captain,  one  first  lieutenant,  two  second  lieutenants, 
four  sergeants  four  corporals,  two  musicians,  and 
ninety  privates ;  and  to  each  regiment  there  shall  be 
attached  one  adjutant,  to  be  selected  from  the  lieuten- 
ants, and  one  sergeant-major,  to  be  selected  from  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  regiment. 

Sec.  7.  The  regiment  of  cavalry  shall  consist  of 
one  colonel,  one  lieutenant-colonel,  one  major,  and  ten 
companies,  each  of  which  shall  consist  of  one  captain, 
one  first  lieutenant,  two  second  lieutenants,  four  ser- 
geants, four  corporals,  one  farrier,  one  blacksmith, 
two  musicians,  and  sixty  privates.  There  shall  also 
be  one  adjutant  and  one  sergeant-major,  to  be  selected 
as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  8.  There  shall  be  four  brigadier-generals, 
who  shall  be  assigned  to  such  commands  and  duties  as 
the  President  may  specially  direct,  and  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  one  aid-de-camp  each,  to  be  selected  from  the 
subalterns  of  the  line  of  the  army,  who,  in  addition 
to  their  duties  as  aids-de-camp,  may  perform  the  duties 
of  assistants  adjutant-general. 

Sec.  9.  All  officers  of  the  army  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Congress,  and  the  rank  and  file  shall  be  enlisted 
for  a  term  not  less  than  three,  nor  more  than  five 
years,  under  such  regulations  as  may  be  established. 

Sec.  10.  No  officer  shall  be  appointed  in  the 
army  until  he  shall  have  passed  an  examination  satis- 
factory to  the  President,  and  in  such  manner  as  he 
may  prescribe,  as  to  his  character  and  fitness  for  the 
service.  The  President,  however,  shall  have  power 
to  postpone  this  examination  for  one  year  after  ap- 
pointment, if  in  his  judgment  necessary  for  the  public 
interest. 

Sec.  11.     All  vacancies   in   established    regiment* 


236 

and  corps,  to  and  including  the  rank  of  colonel,  shall 
be  filled  by  promotion  according  to  seniority,  except 
in  case  of  disability  or  other  incompetency.  Promo- 
tions to  and  including  the  rank  of  colonel,  shall  be 
made  regimentally  in  the  infantry  and  cavalry,  in  the 
staff  departments,  and  in  the  engineers  and  artillery; 
according  to  r^orps.  Appointments  to  the  rank  of 
brigadier-general,  after  the  army  is  organized,  shall  be 
made  by  .selection  from  the  army. 

Sec  12.  The  President  of  the  Confederate  States 
is  hereby  authorized  to  appoint  to  the  lowest  grade  of 
subaltern  officers  such  meritorious  non-commissioned 
officers  as  may,  upon  the  recommendation  of  their 
colonels  and  company  officers,  be  brought  before  an 
army  board,  specially  convened  for  the  purpose,  and 
found  qualified  for  the  duties  of  commissioned  officers, 
and  to  attach  them  to  regiments  or  corps,  as  supernu- 
merary officers,  if  there  be  no  vacancies  :  Provided, 
There  shall  not  be  more  than  one  so  attached  to  any 
one  company  at  the  same  time. 

Sec.  13.  The  pay  of  a  brigadier-general  shall  be 
three  hundred  and  one  dollars  per  month.  The  aid- 
de-camp  of  a  brigadier-general,  in  addition  to  his  pay 
as  lieutenant,  shall  receive  thirty-five  dollars  per 
month. 

Sec.  14.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  of  the 
corps  of  engineers  shall  be  as  follows  :  of  the  colonel, 
two  hundred  and  ten  dollars;  of  a  major,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-two  dollars  ;  of  a  captain,  one  hundred  and 
forty  dollars ;  lieutenants  serving  with  the  company 
of  sappers  and  miners  shall  receive  the  pay  of  cavalry 
officers  of  the  same  grade. 

Sec.  15.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  colonel  of  the 
corps  of  artillery  shall  be  two  hundred  and  ten  dol- 
lars ;  of  a  lieutenant-colonel,  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  dollars ;  of  a  major,  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars, 
and  when  serving  on  ordnance  duty,  one  hundred  and 


237 

sixty-two  dollars ;  of  a  captain,  one  hundred  and 
thirty  dollars  ;  of  a  first  lieutenant,  ninety  dollars  ; 
of  a  second  lieutenant,  eighty  dollars ;  and  the  adju- 
tant shall  receive,  in  addition  to  his  pay  as  lieutenant, 
ten  dollars  per  month.  Officers  of  artillery  serving  in 
the  light  artillery,  or  performing  ordnance  duty,  shall 
receive  the  same  pay  as  officers  of  cavalry  of  the 
same  grade. 

Sec.  16.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  of  the 
infantry  shall  he  as  follows  :  of  a  colonel,  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety-five  dollars  ;  of  a  lieutenant-colonel, 
one  hundred  and  seventy  dollars;  of  a  major,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars;  of  a  captain,  one  hundred 
and  thirty  dollars  ;  of  a  first  lieutenant,  ninety  dol- 
lors ;  of  a  second  lieutenant,  eighty  dollars;  the  ad- 
jutant, in  addition  to  his  pay  as  lieutenant,  ten  dollars. 

Sec.  17.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  officers  of  the 
cavalry  shall  he  as  follows  :  of  a  colonel,  two  hundred 
and  ten  dollars  ;  of  a  lieutenant-colonel,  one  hundred 
and  eighty-five  dollars  ;  a  major,  one  hundred  and 
sixty-two  dollars  ;  a. captain,  one  hundred  and  forty 
dollars  ;  a  first  lieutenant,  one  hundred  dollars  ;  a  se- 
cond lieutenant,  ninety  dollars;  the  adjutant,  ten 
dollars  per  month,  in  addition  to  his  pay  as  lieutenant. 

Sec.  18.  The  pay  of  the  officers  of  the  general 
staff,  except  those  of  the  medical  department,  shall 
be  the  same  as  that  of  officers  of  cavalry  of  the  same 
grade.  The  surgeon-general  shall  receive  an  annual 
salary  of  three  thousand  dollars,  which  shall  be  in  full 
of  all  pay  and  allowances,  except  fuel  and  quarters. 
The  monthly  pay  of  a  surgeon,  of  ten  years'  service 
in  that  grade,  shall  be  two  hundred  dollars ;  a  surgeon 
of  less  than  ten  years'  service  in  that  grade,  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-two  dollars  ;  an  assistant  surgeon  of 
ten  years'  service  in  that  grade,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars ;  an  assistant  surgeon  of  five  years'  service  in 
that  grade,  one  hundred  and   thirty   dollars ;  and   an 


238 

assistant  surgeon  of  less  than  five  years'  service,  one 
hundred  and  ten  dollars. 

Sec.  19.  There  shall  be  allowed,  in  addition  to 
the  pay  hereinbefore  provided,  to  every  commissioned 
officer  except  the  surgeon-general,  nine  dollars  per 
month  for  every  five  years'  service ;  and  to  the  offi- 
cers of  the  army  of  the  United  States,  who  have 
resigned  or  may  resign  to  be  received  into  the  service 
of  the  Confederate  States,  this  additional  pay  shall  be 
allowed  from  the  date  of  their  entrance  into  the 
former  service.  There  shall  also  be  an  additional 
monthly  allowance  to  every  general  officer  command- 
ing-in-chief a  separate  army  actually  in  the  field,  of 
one  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  20.  The  pay  of  officers  as  hereinbefore  estab- 
lished shall  be  in  full  of  all  allowances,  except  forage, 
fuel,  quarters,  and  traveling  expenses  while  traveling 
under  orders.  The  allowance  of  forage,  fuel,  and 
quarters  shall  be  fixed  by  regulations,  and  shall  be 
furnished  in  kind,  except  when  officers  are  serving  at 
stations  without  troops  where  public  quarters  can  not 
be  had,  in  which  case  they  may  be  allowed,  in  lieu 
of  forage,  eight  dollars  per  month  for  each  horse  to 
which  they  may  be  entitled,  provided  they  are  actu- 
ally kept  in  service,  and  mustered,  and  quarters  may 
be  commuted  at  a  rate  to  be  fixed  by  the  Secretary 
of  War,  and  fuel  at  the  market  price  delivered.  An 
officer,  when  traveling  under  orders,  shall  be  allowed 
mileage  at  the  rate  of  ten  cents  per  mile. 

Sec.  21.  In  time  of  war,  officers  of  the  army  shall 
be  entitled  to  draw  forage  for  horses,  according  to 
grade,  as  follows  :  A  brigadier-general,  four ;  the  ad- 
jutant and  inspector-general,  quartermaster-general, 
commissary-general,  and  the  colonels  of  engineers, 
artillery,  infantry  and  cavalry,  three  each ;  all  lieu- 
tenant-colonels and  majors,  and  captains  of  the  gene- 
ral staff,    engineer  corps,   light  artillery  and  cavalry, 


239 

three  each  ;  lieutenants  serving  in  the  corps  of 
engineers,  lieutenants  of  light  artillery  and  of  cavalry, 
two  each.  In  time  of  peace  :  general  and  field  offi- 
cers, three  ;  officers  below  the  rank  of  field  officers, 
in  the  general  staff,  corps  of  engineers,  light  artillery 
and  cavalry,  two :  Provided,  in  all  cases,  that  the 
horses  are  actually  kept  in  service  and  mustered.  No 
enlisted  man  in  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States 
shall  be  employed  as  a  servant  by  any  officer  of  the 
army. 

Sec.  22.  The  monthly  pay  of  the  enlisted  men  of 
the  army  of  the  Confederate  States  shall  be  as  follows : 
That  of  a  sergeant  or  master- workman  of  the  engineer 
corps,  thirty-four  dollars  ;  that  of  a  corporal  or  over- 
seer, twenty  dollars ;  privates  of  the  first  class,  or  ar- 
tificers, seventeen  dollars;  and  privates  of  the  second 
class,  or  laborers  and  musicians,  thirteen  dollars.  The 
sergeant-major  of  cavalry,  twenty-one  dollars  ;  first 
sergeants,  twenty  dollars  ;  sergeants,  seventeen  dol- 
lars ;  corporals,  farriers,  and  blacksmiths,  thirteen 
dollars ;  musicians,  thirteen  dollars ;  and  privates, 
twelve  dollars.  Sergeants-major  of  artillery  and  in- 
fantry, twenty-one  dollars;  first  sergeants,  twenty 
dollars  each  ;  sergeants,  seventeen  dollars;  corporals 
and  artificers,  thirteen  dollars  ;  musicians,  twelve  dol- 
lars ;  and  privates,  eleven  dollars  each.  The  non- 
commissioned officers,  artificers,  musicians,  and  pri- 
vates, serving  in  light  batteries,  shall  receive  the  same 
pay  as  those  of  cavahy. 

Sec.  23.  The  President  shall  be  authorized  to  enlist 
as  many  master  armorers,  master  carriage-makers, 
master  blacksmiths,  armorers,  carriage-makers,  black- 
smiths, artificers,  and  laborers,  for  ordnance  service, 
as  he  may  deem  necessary,  not  exceeding  in  all  one 
hundred  men,  who  shall  be  attached  to  the  corps  of 
artillery.  The  pay  of  a  master  armorer,  master  car- 
riage-maker, master  blacksmith,  shall    be   thirty-four 


240 

dollars  per  month  ;  armorers,  carriage-makers,  and 
blacksmiths,  twenty  dollars  per  month ;  artificers, 
seventeen  dollars,  and  laborers,  thirteen  dollars  per 
month. 

Sec.  24.  Each  enlisted  man  of  the  army  of  the 
Confederate  States  shall  receive  one  ration  per  day, 
and  a  yearly  allowance  of  clothing,  the  quantity  and 
kind  of  each  to  be  established  by  regulations  from  the 
War  Department,  to  be  approved  by  the  President. 

Sec.  25.  Rations  shall  generally  be  issued  in  kind, 
but  under  circumstances  rendering  a  commutation  ne- 
cessary. The  commutation  value  of  the  ration  shall 
be  fixed  by  regulations  of  the  War  Department,  to  be 
approved  by  the  President. 

Sec.  20.  The  officers  appointed  in  the  army  of 
the  Confederate  States  by  virtue  of  this  act,  shall 
perform  all  military  duties  to  which  they  may  be  sev- 
erally assigned  by  authority  of  the  President,  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  prepare 
and  publish  regulations,  prescribing  the  details  of 
every  department  in  the  service,  for  the  general  gov- 
ernment of  the  army,  which  regulations  shall  be  ap- 
proved by  the  President,  and  when  so  approved  shall 
be  binding. 

Sec.  27.  All  officers  of  the  quartermaster's  and 
commissary  departments  shall,  previous  to  entering 
on  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  give  bonds 
with  good  and  sufficient  sureties  to  the  Confederate 
States,  in  such  sum  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  di- 
rect, fully  to  account  for  all  moneys  and  public  prop- 
erty which  they  may  receive.. 

Sec.  28.  Neither  the  quartermaster-general,  the 
commissary-general,  nor  any  or  either  of  their  assist- 
ants, shall  be  concerned,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the 
purchase  or  sale  of  any  articles  intended  for,  making 
a  part  of,  or  appertaining  to  public  supplies,  except 
for  and  on  account  of  the  Confederate  States  ;  nor  shall 


24i 

they,  or  either  of  them,  take  or  apply  to  his  or  their 
own  use  any  gain  or  emolument  for  negotiating  any 
business  in  their  respective  departments,  other  than 
what  is  or  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

Sec.  29.  The  Rules  and  Articles  of  War  establish-' 
ed  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States  of  America  for  the 
government  of  the  army,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  o 
force,  except  that  wherever  the  words  "  United  States'f 
occur,  the  words  "  Confederate  States"  shall  be  substi- 
tuted therefor ;  and  except  that  the  Articles  of  War 
numbers  sixty-one  and  sixty-two  are  hereby  abrogated, 
and  the  following  articles  substituted  therefor.  (See 
Articles  of  War,  Gl  and  G2.) 

Sec.  30.  The  President  shall  call  into  the  service 
of  the  Confederate  States  only  so  many  of  the  troops 
herein  provided  for  as  he  may  deem  the  safety  of  the 
Confederacy  may  require. 

Sec.  3t.  All  laws  or  parts  of  laws  of  the  United 
States,  which  have  been  adopted  by  the  Congress  of 
the  Confederate  States,  repugnant  to  or  inconsistent 
with  this  act,  are  hereby  repealed. 

Approved,  March  G,  1861. 

No.  105.]  AN  ACT 

Providing  for  a  Regiment  of  Zouaves  in  the  Army  of  the  Confede- 
rate States. 

SECTION  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  e?iact,  That  there  shall  be  added  to  the 
military  establishment  of  the  Confederate  States  one 
regiment  of  Zouaves,  to  be  composed  of  one  colonel, 
one  lieutenant-colonel,  one  major  and  ten  companies; 
and  each  company  shall  consist  of  one  captain,  one 
first  lieutenant,  two  second  lieutenants,  one  sergeant- 
major,  one  quartermaster's-sergeant,  four  sergeants 
and  eight  corporals,  and  ninety  privates.  And  to  the 
regiment  there  shall  be  attached  one  adjutant  and  a 
quartermaster,    to    be  selected  from  the  lieutenants. 

u 


242 

And  one  assistant  surgeon  shall  be  appointed  for  the 
regiment,  in  addition  to  those  already  authorized  by- 
law for  the  medical  department.  The  monthly  pay 
of  the  officers  of  the  regiment  of  Zouaves  shall  be 
the  same  as  that  of  officers  of  infantry  of  the  same 
rank  ;  the  allowances  shall  also  be  the  same  as  those 
provided  by  law  for  officers  of  infantry ;  and  the 
adjutant  and  quartermaster  shall  receive  ten  dollars 
per  month  in  addition  to  their  pay  as  lieutenants. 
The  monthly  pay  of  the  enlisted  men  of  said  regi- 
ment of  Zouaves  shall  be  as  follows  :  sergeants-major 
and  quartermaster's  sergeants,  twenty  dollars ;  ser- 
geants, seventeen  dollars  ;  corporals,  thirteen  dollars  ; 
and  privates,  eleven  dollars  each  ;  together  with  the 
same  rations  and  allowance  for  clothing  as  are  re- 
ceived by  all  other  enlisted  men. 
Approved  May  4,  1861. 


No.  109.]  AN  ACT 

To  Raise  an  Additional  Military  Force  to  Serve  during  the  War. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That,  in  addition  to  the  volun- 
teer force  authorized  to  be  raised  under  existing  laws, 
the  President  be  and  he  is  hereby  authorized  to  ac- 
cept the  services  of  volunteers  who  may  offer  their 
services,  without  regard  to  the  place  of  enlistment, 
either  as  cavalry,  mounted  riflemen,  artillery,  or 
infantry,  in  such  proportion  of  these  several  arms  as 
he  may  deem  expedient,  to  serve  for  and  during  the 
existing  war,  unless  sooner  discharged. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  volunteers  so  offering  their 
services  may  be  accepted  by  the  President  in  com- 
panies, to  be  organized  by  him  into  squadrons,  bat- 
talions or  regiments.  The  Presideut  shall  appoint  all 
field  and  staff  officers,  but  the  company  officers  shall 
be   elected  by   the    men    composing   the    company; 


243 

and  if  accepted,  the  officers  so  elected  shall  be  com- 
missioned by  the  President. 

Sec.  3.  That  any  vacancies  occurring  in  the  ranks 
of  the  several  companies  mustered  into  service  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act,  may  be  filled  by  volunteers 
accepted  under  the  rules  of  such  companies;  and 
any  vacancies  occurring  in  the  officers  of  such  com- 
panies shall  be  filled  by  elections  in  accordance  with 
the  same  rules. 

Sec.  4.  Except  as  herein  differently  provided,  the 
volunteer  forces  hereby  authorized  to  be  raised  shall 
in  all  regards  be  subject  to  and  organized  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  "  An  act  to  provide  for 
the  public  defense,"  and  all  other  acts  for  the  govern- 
ment of  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States. 
Appro v id  May  8,  186 J. 


No.  110.]  AN  ACT 

To  make  further  Provision  for  the  Public  Defense. 

Whereas,  War  exists  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Confederate  States  ;  and  whereas  the  public 
welfare  may  require  the  reception  of  volunteer  forces 
into  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  without 
the  formality  and  delay  of  a  call  upon  the  respective 
States  : 

SECTION  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  the  President  be  author- 
ized to  receive  into  service  such  companies,  battalions 
or  regiments,  either  mounted  or  on  foot,  as  may 
tender  themselves,  and  he  may  require,  without  the 
delay  of  a  formal  call  upon  the  respective  States,  to 
serve  for  such  time  as  he  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  2.  Such  volunteer  forces  who  may  be  ac- 
cepted under  this  act,  except  as  herein  differently 
provided,  shall  be  organized  in  accordance  with  and 
subject  to  all  the  provisions  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act 


244 

to  provide  for  the  public  defense,"  and  be  entitled  to 
all  the  allowances  provided  therein  ;  and  when  mus- 
tered into  service,  may  be  attached  to  such  divisions, 
brigades  or  regiments  as  the  President  may  direct, 
or  ordered  upon  such  independent  or  detached  service 
as  the  President  may  deem  expedient ;  provided, 
however,  that  battalions  and  regiments  may  be 
enlisted  from  States  not  of  the  Confederacy,  and 
the  President  may  appoint  all  or  any  of  the  field 
officers  thereof. 

Sec.  3.  The  President  shall  be  authorized  to  com- 
mission all  officers  entitled  to  commissions,  of  such 
volunteer  forces  as  may  be  received  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act.  And  upon  the  request  of  the  offi- 
cer commanding  such  volunteer  regiment,  battalion 
or  company,  the  President  may  attach  a  supernu- 
merary officer  to  each  company,  detailed  from  the 
regular  army  for  that  purpose,  and  for  such  time  as 
the  President  may  direct. 

Approved  May  11,  1861. 


No.   115.]  AN     ACT 

To  amend  "  An    Act  to    Provide  for   the   Public  Defense"   approved 

March  6,   1861. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact.  That  the  President  may  receive 
into  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States  any  company 
of  light  artillery,  which  by  said  act  he  is  authorized 
to  do,  with  such  complement  of  officers  and  men,  and 
with  such  equipments  as  to  him  shall  seem  proper ; 
anything  in  said  act  of  the  6th  of  March,  1861,  to  the 
contrary,  notwithstanding. 
Approved,  May  10,  1861. 


245 
No.   129.]  AN     ACT 

To  increase  the  Military  establishment  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  to 
amend  the  "  Act  for  the  establishment  and  organization  of  the  Army 
of  the  Confederate  States  of  America.''' 

SECTION  i.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  the  President  shall  be 
authorized  to  raise  and  organize,  in  addition  to  the 
present  military  establishment,  one  regiment  of  cavalry 
and  two  regiments  of  infantry,  whenever  in  his  judg- 
ment the  public  service  may  require  such  an  increase, 
to  be  organized  in  accordance  with  existing  laws  for 
the  organization  of  cavalry  and  infantry  regiments,  and 
to  be  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and  allowances  pro- 
vided for  the  same  respectively. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  five  general  officers  provided  by 
existing  laws  for  the  Confederate  States,  shall  have 
the  rank  and  denomination  of  "  General,"  instead  of 
"  Brigadier-General,"  which  shall  be  the  highest  mil- 
itary grade  known  to  the  Confederate  States.  They 
shall  be  assigned  to  such  commands  and  duties  as  the 
President  may  specially  direct,  and  shall  be  entitled 
to  the  same  pay  and  allowances  as  are  provided  for 
brigadier-generals,  and  to  two  aids-de-camp,  to  be  se- 
lected as  now  provided  by  law.  Appointments  to 
the  rank  of  general,  after  the  army  is  organized,  shall 
be  made  by  selection  from  the  army. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  President  be  authorized,  when- 
ever in  his  judgment  the  public  service  may  require 
the  increase,  to  add  to  the  corps  of  engineers  one 
lieutenant-colonel,  who  shall  receive  the  pay  and  al- 
lowances of  a  lieutenant-colonel  of  cavalry,  and  as 
many  captains,  not  exceeding  five,  as  may  be  necessary. 

Sec.  4.  That  there  be  added  to  the  quartermaster- 
general's  department  one  assistant  quartermaster- 
general,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  two 
quartermasters,  with  the  rank  of  major ;  and  to  the 
commissary-general's  department,  one   assistant  com- 

ul 


246 

missary,  with  the  rank  of  major,  and  one  assistant 
commissary,  with  the  rank  of  captain ;  and  to  the 
medical  department,  six  surgeons  and  fourteen  assist- 
ant surgeons. 

Sec.  5.  That  the  President  be  authorized  to  appoint 
as  many  military  store-keepers,  with  the  pay  and  al- 
lowances of  a  first  lieutenant  of  infantry,  as  the  safe- 
keeping of  the  public  property  may  require,  not  to 
exceed  in  all  six  store-keepers. 

Sec.  6.  That  there  be  added  to  the  military  es- 
tablishment one  quartermaster-sergeant  for  each  regi- 
ment of  cavalry  and  infantry,  and  one  ordnance-ser- 
geant for  each  military  post,  each  to  receive  the  pay 
and  allowances  of  a  sergeant-major,  according  to  ex- 
isting laws. 

Sec.  7.  That  there  may  be  enlisted  for  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  army,  for  the  term  already  pro- 
vided by  law  for  other  enlisted  men,  as  many  hospital 
stewards  as  the  service  may  require,  to  be  determined 
by  the  Secretary  of  War,  under  such  regulations  as 
he  may  prescribe,  and  who  shall  receive  the  pay  and 
allowances  of  a  sergeant-major. 

Sec.  8.  That  until  a  military  school  shall  be  es- 
tablished for  the  elementary  instruction  of  officers  for 
the  army,  the  President  shall  be  authorized  to  appoint 
cadets  from  the  several  states,  in  number  proportioned 
to  their  representation  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  ten  in  addition,  to  be  selected  by  him  at 
large  from  the  Confederate  States,  who  shall  be  at- 
tached to  companies  *in  service  in  any  branch  of  the 
army,  as  supernumerary  officers,  with  the  rank  of  ca- 
det, who  shall  receive  the  monthly  pay  of  forty  dol- 
lars, and  be  competent  for  promotion  at  such  time  and 
under  such  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
President,  or  hereafter  established  by  law. 

Sec.  9.     That  the  President  be  authorized  to  assign 
officers  of  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States  to  staff 


247 

duty  with  volunteers  or  provisional  troops,  and  to 
confer  upon  them,  whilst  so  employed,  the  rank  cor- 
responding to  the  staff  duties  they  are  to  perform. 

Sec.  10.  There  shall  be  allowed  and  paid  to  every 
able-bodied  man  who  shall  be  duly  enlisted  to  serve 
in  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States,  a  bounty  of 
ten  dollars  ;  but  the  payment  of  five  dollars  of  the 
said  bounty  shall  be  deferred  until  the  recruit  shall 
have  been  mustered  into  the  regiment  in  which  he  is 
to  serve. 

Sec.  11.  That  the  provision  of  the  third  section 
of  the  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  making 
appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive  and  judicial 
expenses  of  the  government  for  the  year  ending  the 
thirtieth  day  of  June,  A.  D.,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
one,  approved  June  twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty,  which  declares  that  no  arms  nor  military 
supplies  whatever,  which  are  of  a  patented  invention, 
shall  be  purchased,  nor  the  right  of  using  or  applying 
any  patented  invention,  unless  the  same  shall  be 
authorized  by  law,  and  the  appropriation  therefor  ex- 
plicitly set  forth,  that  it  is  for  such  patented  invention, 
(if  of  force  within  the  Confederate  States,)  shall  be 
suspended  in  its  operation  for  and  during  the  existing 
war. 

Approved,  May  10,  1861. 


No.  141.]  AN  ACT 

To  Provide  an  Additional  Company  of  Sapjtcrs  and  Bombardiers  for 

the  Army. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  there  be  added  to  the  mili- 
tary establishment  of  the  Confederate  States  one 
company  of  sappers  and  bombardiers,  to  consist  of  one 
captain,  two  first  lieutenants,  one  second  lieutenant, 
ten  sergeants  or  master-workmen,  ten  corporals  or 
overseers,    two   musicians,  thirty-nine  privates  of  the 


•J4S 

first  class,  and  thirty-ni tie  privates  of  the  second  class,. 
who  shall  be  instructed  in  and  perform  all  the 
duties  of  sappers  and  bombardiers,  and  shall,  more- 
over, under  the  orders  of  the  chief  engineer,  be  liable 
to  serve  by  detachments  in  overseeing  and  aiding 
laborers  upon  fortifications  or  other  works  under  the 
engineer  department,  and  in  supervising  finished  for- 
tifications, as  fort-keepers,  preventing  injury  and 
making  repairs. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  colonel 
of  the  engineer  corps,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  to  prescribe  the  number,  quantity, 
form,  dimensions,  &c,  of  the  necessary  vehicles,  arms, 
pontoons,  tools,  implements,  and  other  supplies  for  the 
service  of  said  company  as  a  body  of  sappers  and 
bombardiers. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  monthly  pay  of  the  Captain  of 
said  company  shall  be  one  hundred  and  forty  dollars  ; 
of  each  first  lieutenant,  one  hundred  dollars  ;  of  the 
second  lieutenant,  ninety  dollars ;  of  the  sergeants, 
thirty-four  dollars  ;  of  the  corporals,  twenty  dollars  ; 
of  the  musicians,  thirteen  dollars ;  of  the  first  class 
privates,  seventeen  dollars  ;  and  of  the  second  class 
privates,  thirteen  dollars.  And  the  said  commissioned 
officers  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  allowances  as  all 
other  commissioned  officers  of  the  army,  and  the 
same  right  to  draw  forage  for  horses  as  is  accorded 
to  officers  of  like  rank  in  the  engineer  corps ;  and 
the  enlisted  men  shall  receive  the  same  rations  and 
allowances  as  are  granted  to  all  other  enlisted  men 
in  the  army. 
Approved  May  17,  1861.     

No.  153.]  AN     ACT 

Concerning  the  transportation  of  Soldiers  and  allowance  for  Clothing 
of  Volunteers,  and  amendatory  of  the  Act  for  the  establishment  and 
organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Confederate  States. 

Section  1.  The  Co7igress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  When   transportation    cannot  be 


249 

furnished  in  kind,  the  discharged  soldier  shall  be  enti- 
tled to  receive  ten  cents  per  mile  in  lieu  of  all  travel- 
ing pay,  subsistence,  forage,  and  undrawn  clothing, 
from  the  place  of  discharge,  to  the  place  of  his  enlist- 
ment or  enrollment,  estimating  the  distance  by  the 
shortest  mail  route,  and  if  there  is  no  mail  route,  by 
the  shortest  practicable  route.  The  foregoing  to  ap- 
ply to  all  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  musicians, 
artificers,  farriers,  blacksmiths,  and  privates  of  volun- 
teers, when  disbanded,  discharged,  or  mustered  out  of 
service  of  the  Confederate  States  ;  and  it  shall  also 
apply  to  all  volunteer  troops,  as  above  designated, 
when  traveling  from  the  place  of  enrollment  to  the 
place  of  general  rendezvous  or  point  where  mustered 
into  service  :  Provided,  That  nothing  herein  contained 
shall  be  so  construed  as  to  deprive  the  mounted  volun- 
teers of  the  allowance  of  forty  cents  a  day  for  the 
use  and  risk  of  his  horse,  which  allowance  is  made 
from  the  date  of  his  enrollment  to  the  date  of  his 
discharge,  and  also  for  every  twenty  miles  travel  from 
the  place  of  his  discharge  to  the  place  of  his  enroll- 
ment. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  fourth  section  of  the  act  of 
March  6,  1S61,  "  To  provide  for  the  public  defense," 
be  amended  as  follows,  viz. :  There  shall  be  allowed 
to  each  volunteer,  to  be  paid  to  him  on  the  first 
muster  and  pay  rolls  after  being  received  and  mustered 
into  the  service  of  the  Confederate  States,  the  sum  of 
twenty-one  dollars,  in  lieu  of  clothing  for  six  months; 
and  thereafter  the  same  allowance  in  money  at  every 
subsequent  period  of  service  for  six  months  in  lieu  of 
clothing ;  Provided,  That  the  price  of  all  clothing  in 
kind  received  by  said  volunteers  from  the  Confederate 
States  government  shall  be  deducted  first  from  the 
money  thus  allowed;  and  if  that  sum  be  not  sufficient, 
the  balance  shall  be  charged  for  stoppage  on  the  mus- 
ter and  pay  rolls  ;  and  that  all  accounts    arising  from 


250 

contracts,  agreements,  or  arrangements  for  furnishing 

clothing  to  volunteers,  to   be   duly  certified   by   the 

company  commander,  shall  be  paid  out   of  the   said 

semi-annual  allowance  of  money. 

Sec.  3.     That  the  twenty-first  section   of  the    act 

for  the  organization   of  the  army  of  the   Confederate 

States  be  so  amended  as  to  allow  to  aids-de-camp  and 

to  adjutants  forage  for  the  same  number  of  horses  as 

allowed  to  officers  of  the  same  grade  in  the  mounted 

service. 

Approved,  May  21st,  1861. 


No.  154.)  AN     ACT 

To  he  entitled  an  Act  to  amend  "An  Act  to  raise  an  additional  Military 
Force  to  serve  during  the  War." 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  so  much  of  the  second  sec- 
tion of  the  act  entitled  an  act  to  raise  an  additional 
military  force  to  serve  during  the  war,  passed  May 
eighth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,  be  so  amended 
as  to  authorize  the  President,  on  the  application  of 
any  commanding  officer  of  a  regiment  or  battalion 
authorized  by  said  act,  to  assign  a  subaltern  of  the 
line  of  the  army  to  the  duties  of  adjutant  of  said  regi- 
ment or  battalion. 

Approved,  May  21,  1861. 

No.  155.]  AN     ACT 

To  authorize  the  President  to  confer  temporary  rank  and  command, for 
service  with  volunteer  troops,  on  Officers  of  the  Confederate  army. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  oj  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  the  President  shall  be 
authorized  to  confer  temporary  rank  and  command, 
for  service  with  volunteer  troops,  on  officers  of  the 
Confederate  army ;  the  same  to  be  held  without  pre- 
judice to  their  positions  in  said  army,  and  to  have  ef- 
fect only  to  the  extent  and  according  to  the  assign- 
ment made  in  general  order. 
Approved,  May  21, 1861. 


231 
No.  181.]  AN   ACT 

Relative  to  Prisoners  of  War. 

Section  1.  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  all  prisoners  of  war 
taken,  whether  on  land  or  at  sea,  during  the  pending 
hostilities  with  the  United  States,  shall  be  transferred 
by  the  captors,  from  time  to  time  and  as  often  as 
convenient,  to  the  Department  of  War  ;  and  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  with  the 
approval  of  the  President,  to  issue  such  instructions 
to  the  Quartermaster-General  and  his  subordinates 
as  shall  provide  for  the  safe  custody  and  sustenance 
of  prisoners  of  war ;  and  the  rations  furnished  prison- 
ers of  war  shall  be  the  same  in  quantity  and  quality 
as  those  furnished  to  enlisted  men  in  the  army  of  the 
Confederacy. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  eighth  section  of  the  act  entitled 
"  An  act  recognizing  the  existence  of  war  between 
the  United  States  and  the  Confederate  States,  and 
concerning  Letters  of  Marque,  Prizes  and  Prize 
Goods,"  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  authorize 
the  holding  as  prisoners  of  war  the  officers  and  crew 
of  any  unarmed  vessel,  nor  any  passenger  on  such 
vessels,  unless  such  passengers  be  persons  employed 
in  the  public  service  of  the  enemy. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  tenth  section  of  the  above 
recited  act  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  allow  a 
bounty  for  prisoners  captured  on  vessels  of  the  enemy 
and  brought  into  port,  unless  such  prisoners  were 
captured  on  board  of  an  armed  ship  or  vessel  of  the 
enemy  of  equal  or  superior  force  to  that  of  the  private 

armed  vessel  making  the  capture. 
Approved,  May  21,  1861. 


No.  102.]  AN  ACT 

To  Provide  for  the  Appointment  of  Chaplains  in  the  Army. 

Section  1.      The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  Stat/.s 
of  America  do  enact,  That  there  shall  be  appointed  by 


252 

the  President  such  number  of  chaplains,  to  serve 
with  the  armies  of  the  Confederate  States  during  the 
existing  war,  as  he  may  deem  expedient ;  and  the 
President  shall  assign  them  to  such  regiments,  brig- 
ades or  posts  as  he  may  deem  necessary ;  and  the 
appointments  made  as  aforesaid  shall  expire  whenever 
the  existing  war  shall  terminate. 

Sec.  2.     The  monthly  pay  of  said  chaplains   shall 
be  eighty-five  dollars*;  and  said  pay  shall  be  in  full  of 
all  allowances  whatever. 
Approved  May  3,  1861. 


No.  67.]  AN    ACT 

Amendatory  of  an  Act  for  the  organization  of  the  Staff  Departments 
of  the  Army,  and  an  Act  for  the  establishment  and  organization  of 
the  Army  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 

Section  1 .  The  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States 
of  America  do  enact,  That  the  adjutant  and  Inspector- 
general's  department  shall  consist  of  two  assistant 
adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel, 
two  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of  major, 
and  four  assistant  adjutants-general  with  the  rank  of 
captain. 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  there  shall  be 
added  one  brigadier-general  to  those  heretofore  author- 
ized by  law,  and  that  any  one  of  the  brigadier-gene- 
rals of  the  army  of  the  Confederate  States  may  be 
assigned  to  the  duty  of  adjutant  and  inspector-general, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  President. 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  quarter- 
master-general's department  shall  consist  of  one 
quartermaster-general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  one 
assistant  quartermaster-general  with  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, four  assistant  quartermasters  with  the 
rank  of  Major,  and  such  other  officers  in  that  de  part- 
ment  as  are  already  provided  by  law. 

*  Amended  by  Act  132,  reducing  it  to  fifty  dollars. 


253 

Sec.  4.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  commissary- 
general's  department  shall  consist  of  one  commissary- 
general  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  one  commissary 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  one  commissary 
with  the  rank  of  major,  and  three  commissaries  with 
the  rank  of  captain,  and  as  many  assistant  commissa- 
ries as  may  from  time  to  time  be  required  by  the 
service  may  be  detailed  by  the  War  Department  from 
the  subalterns  of  the  line,  who,  in  addition  to  their 
pay  in  the  line,  shall  receive  twenty  dollars  per  month 
while  engaged  in  that  service. 

Sec.  5.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  in  all  cases  of 
officers  who  have  resigned,  or  who  may  within  six 
months  tender  their  resignations  from  the  army  of  the 
United  States,  and  who  have  been  or  may  be  ap- 
pointed to  original  vacancies  in  the  army  of  the  Con- 
federate States,  the  commissions  issued  shall  bear  one 
and  the  same  date,  so  that  the  relative  rank  of  officers 
of  each  grade  shall  be  determined  by  their  former 
commissions  in  the  United  States  army,  held  anterior 
to  the  secession  of  these  Confederate  States  from  the 
United  States. 

Sec.  6.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  every  officer, 
non-commissioned  officer,  musician  and  private  shall 
take  and  subscribe  the  following  oath  or  affirmation, 
to  wit :  I,  A.  B.,  do  solemnly  swear  or  affirm  (as  the 
case  may  be)  that  while  I  continue  in  the  service,  I 
will  bear  true  faith  and  yield  obedience  to  the  Con- 
federate States  of  America,  and  that  I  will  serve  them 
honestly  and  faithfully  against  their  enemies,  and  that 
I  will  observe  and  obey  the  orders  of  the  President 
of  the  Confederate  States,  and  the  orders  of  the  offi- 
cers appointed  over  me,  recording  to  the  rules  and 
articles  oi  war. 

Sec.  7.  Be  it  further  enacted,  That  all  laws  and 
parts  of  laws  militating  against  this  act  be  and  the 
same  are  hereby  repealed. 

Approved,  March  14,  1861.  V 


255 


Adjutant  and  Inspector-General's  Office, 
Richmond,  Va.,  June  6,  1861. 
General  Orders,  No.  9.] 


UNIFORM  AND  DRESS  OF  THE  ARMY. 


TUNIC. 

For  Commissioned  Officers. 

1 . .  All  officers  shall  wear  a  tunic  of  gray  cloth, 
known  as  cadet  gray ;  the  skirt  to  extend  half-way 
between  the  hip  and  the  knee ;  double  breasted  for 
all  grades. 

2.  .For  a  Brigadier-General — Two  rows  of  buttons 
on  the  breast,  eight  in  each  row,  placed  in  pairs ;  the 
distance  between  the  rows  four  inches  at  top  and 
three  inches  at  bottom ;  stand  up  collar,  to  rise  no 
higher  than  to  permit  the  chin  to  turn  freely  over 
it ;  to  hook  in  front  at  the  bottom,  and  slope  thence 
up  and  backward,  at  an  angle  of  thirty  degrees,  on 
each  side;  cuffs  two  and  a  half  inches  deep  on  the 
under  side,  there  to  be  buttoned  with  three  small 
buttons,  and  sloped  upwards  to  a  point,  at  a  distance 
of  four  inches  from  the  end  of  the  sleeve  ;  pockets 
in  the  folds  of  the  skirt,  with  one  button  at  the  hip 
and  one  at  the  end  of  each  pocket,  making  four  but- 
tons on  the  back  and  skirt  of  the  tunic,  the  hip 
buttons  to  range  with  the  lowest  breast  buttons. 

3 . .  For  a  Colonel — the  same  as  for  a  Brigadier-Gene- 
ral, except  that  there  will  be  only  seven  buttons  in 
each  row  on  the  breast,  placed  at  equal  distances. 

4.. For  a  Lieutenant- Colonel,  Major,  Captain  and 
Licutc?iant — the  same  as  for  a  Colonel. 

For  Enlisted  Men. 
5. -The  uniform  coat  for  all  enlisted  men  shall  be 


256 

a  double  breasted  tunic  of  gray  cloth,  known  as  cadet 
gray,  with  the  skirt  extending  half-way  between  the 
hip  and  the  knee ;  two  rows  of  buttons  on  the  breast, 
seven  in  each  row ;  the  distance  between  the  rows 
four  inches  at  top  and  three  inches  at  bottom  ;  stand- 
up  collar,  to  rise  no  higher  than  to  permit  the  chin 
to  turn  freely  over  it ;  to  hook  in  front  at  the  bottom, 
and  slope  thence  backwards  at  an  angle  of  thirty 
degrees  on  each  side ;  cuffs  two  and  a  half  inches 
deep  at  the  under  seam,  to  button  with  two  small 
buttons,  and  to  be  slightly  pointed  on  the  upper  part 
of  the  arm  ;  pockets  in  the  folds  of  the  skirts.  The 
collars  and  cuffs  to  be  of  the  color  prescribed  for 
facings  for  the  respective  arms  of  service,  and  the 
edges  of  the  tunic  to  be  trimmed  throughout  with 
the  same  colored  cloth.  Narrow  lining  in  the  skirts 
of  the  tunic  of  gray  material. 

Facings. 

6 . .  The  facings  for  General  Officers,  and  for  Officers 
of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department,  the  Quarter- 
master-General's Department,  the  Commissary-Gene- 
ral's Department,  and  the  Engineers — buff.  The 
tunic  for  all  officers  to  be  edged  throughout  with  the 
facings  designated. 

7.  .For  the  Medical  Department— -black. 

8 . .  For  the  Artillery — red. 

9 . .  For  the  Cavalry — yellow. 

10.  .For  the  Infantry — light  blue. 

11 For   fatigue  purposes,  a   light    gray   blouse, 

double  breasted,  with  two  rows  of  small  buttons,  seven 
in  each  row  ;  small  turn  over  collar — may  be  issued 
to  the  troops. 

12.  .On  all  occasions  of  duty,  except  fatigue,  and 
when  out  of  quarters,  the  coat  will  be  buttoned  and 
hooked  at  the  collar.  Officers  on  bureau  duty  may 
wear  the  tunic  open. 


257 

Buttons. 

13.  .For  General  Officers  and  Officers  of  the  Gene- 
ral Staff— bright  gilt,  rounded  at  the  edge,  convex, 
raised  eagle  in  the  centre,  with  stars  surrounding  it ; 
large  size,  one  inch  in  exterior  diameter  ;  small  size, 
half  an  inch. 

J 4.. For  Officers  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  the 
same  as  for  the  General  Staff,  except  that,  in  place  of 
the  eagle  and  stars,  there  will  be  a  raised  E  in  Ger- 
man text. 

15..  .For  Officers  of  Artillery,  Infantry,  Riflemen, 
and  Cavalry, — gilt,  convex,  plain,  with  large  raised 
letter  in  the  centre  :  A,  for  the  Artillery  ;  I,  for  the 
Infantry ;  R,  for  the  Riflemen  ;  C,  for  the  Cavalry  ; 
large  size,  seven-eighths  of  an  inch  in  exterior  diam- 
eter ;  small  size,  half  an  inch. 

16..Aids-de-Camp  may  wear  the  button  of  the 
General  Staff,  or  of  their  regiments  or  corps,  at  their 
option. 

17.  .For  enlisted  men  of  Artillery — yellow,  convex, 
large  raised  letter  A  in  the  centre  ;  three-quarters  of 
an  inch  in  exterior  diameter. 

IS.  .For  all  other  enlisted  men,  the  same  as  for 
the  Artillery,  except  that  the  number  of  the  regiment, 
in  large  figures,  will  be  substituted  for  the  letter  A. 

Trowscrs. 

19.. The  uniform  trowsers  for  both  officers  and 
enlisted  men  will  be  of  cloth  throughout  the  year; 
made  loose,  and  to  spread  well  over  the  foot;  of 
light  (or  sky)  blue  color,  for  regimental  officers  and 
enlisted  men  ;  and  of  dark  blue  cloth  for  all  other 
officers  ;  reinforced  for  the  cavalry. 

20.  .For  General  Officers — two  stripes  of  gold  lace 
on  the  outer  seam,  one-eighth  of  an  inch  apart,  and 
each  five-eighths  of  an  inch  in  width. 

21..  For  officers  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Depart- 

vl 


25S 

merit,  the  Quartermaster-General's  Department,  the 
Commissary-General's  Department,  and  the  Corps  of 
Engineers — one  stripe  of  gold  lace  on  the  outer  seam, 
one  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width. 

22.  .For  the  Medical  Department — a  black  velvet 
stripe  ;  one  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width,  with  a  gold 
cord  on  each  edge  of  the  stripe. 

23.  .For  Regimental  Officers — a  stripe  of  cloth  on 
the  outer  seam,  one  inch  and  a  quarter  in  width  ; 
color  according  to  corps :  for  Artillery,  red ;  Cavalry, 
yellow  ;  Infantry,  dark  blue. 

24..  For  the  non-commissioned  staff  of  regiments 
and  for  all  sergeants,  a  stripe  of  cotton  webbing  or 
braid  on  the  outer  seam,  one  and  a  quarter  inch  in 
width  ;  color  according  to  arm  of  service. 

25.  .For  all  other  enlisted  men — plain. 

Cka/peau,  or  Cocked  Hat. 

26.  .A  chapeau,  or  cocked  hat,  will  be  worn  by 
General  officers  and  officers  of  the  General  Staff  and 
Corps  of  Engineers,  of  what  is  called  the  French  pat- 
tern ;  the  model  to  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the 
Qu  arter  m  aster-  General . 

27.  .Forage  cap  for  officers — a  cap  similar  in  form 
to  that  known  as  the  French  kepi,  according  to  pat- 
tern to  be  deposited  in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster- 
General. 

28 . .  Uniform  cap — according  to  pattern  to  be  de- 
posited in  the  office  of  the  Quartermaster-General. 

Pompon. 
29 . .  For  the  Artillery — red. 

30.  .For  the  Infantry — light  blue. 

31 .  .For  the  Cavalry — yellow. 

Cravat,  or  Stock. 
32.. For   all   officers — black.     When   a   cravat  is 
worn,  the  tie  not  to  be  visible  at  the  opening  of  the 
collar. 


259 

.For  enlisted  men — black  leather,  according  to 
pattern 

Boots. 

34.  .For  all  officers — ankle  or  Jefferson. 

35.. For  enlisted  men  of  Cavalry — ankle  and  Jef- 
ferson, according  to  pattern. 

30 ..For  other  enlisted  men — Jefferson,  according 
to  pattern. 

Spurs. 

37.. For  all  mounted  officers  —  yellow  metal  or 
gilt- 

38.. For  enlisted  mounted  men — yellow  metal,  ac- 
cording to  pattern. 

Gloves. 

39.  .For  General  Officers,  and  officers  of  the  Gene- 
ral Staff  and  Staff  Corps— buff  or  white. 

40 . .  For  officers  of  Artillery,  Infantry  and  Cavalry 
— white. 

Sash, 

41.  .For  General  Officers — buff  silk  net,  with  silk 
bullion  fringe  ends;  sash  to  go  twice  round  the  waist, 
and  to  tie  behind  the  left  hip  ;  pendent  part  not  to 
extend  more  than  eighteen  inches  below  the  tie. 

42.. For  officers  of  the  General  Staff  and  Engi- 
neers, and  of  the  Artillery  and  Infantry — red  silk  net. 
For  officers  of  the  Cavalry — yellow  silk  net.  For 
medical  officers — green  silk  net.  All,  with  silk  bul- 
lion fringe  ends ;  to  go  around  the  waist,  and  to  tie 
as  for  General  Officers. 

43.. For  sergeants — of  worsted,  with  worsted  bul- 
lion fringe  ends ;  red  for  Artillery  and  Infantry,  and 
yellow  for  Cavalry.  To  go  twice  round  the  waist,  and 
to  tie  as  above  specified. 

Sword  Belt. 
44.  .For  all  officers— a  waist  belt,  not  less  than  one 
and  one-half  inches,  nor  more  than  two  inches  wide  ; 


260 

to  be  worn  over  the  sash ;  the  sword  to  be  suspended 
from  it  by  slings  of  the  same  material  as  the  belt, 
with  a  hook  attached  to  the  belt  upon  which  the 
sword  may  be  hung. 

45.. For  General  Officers — Russian  leather,  with 
three  stripes  of  gold  embroidery  ;  the  slings  embroi- 
dered on  both  sides. 

46.  .For  all  other  officers — black  leather,  plain. 

47.  .For  all  non-commissioned  officers — black  lea- 
ther, plain. 

Sword  Belt  Plate* 
48 . .  For  all  officers  and  enlisted  men — gilt,  rectan- 
gular;   two  inches  wide,  with  a  raised  bright  rim  ;    a 
silver  wreath  of  laurel   encircling  the  "  arms  of  the 
Confederate  States." 

Sword  and  Scabbard. 
49.. For  all   officers — according  to  patterns  to  be 
deposited  in  the  Ordnance  Bureau. 

Sword  Knot. 

50.. For  all  officers — of  plaited  leather,  with  tas- 
sels. 

Badges  to  distinguish  Rank. 

51.  .On  the  sleeve  of  the  tunic,  rank  will  be  dis- 
tinguished by  an  ornament  of  gold  braid,  (in  form  as 
represented  in  the  drawing  deposited  in  the  Quarter- 
master-General's office,)  extending  around  the  seam 
of  the  cuff,  and  up  the  outside  of  the  arm  to  the  bend 
of  the  elbow.  To  be  of  one  braid  for  lieutenants  ; 
two,  for  captains  ;  three,  for  field  officers  ;  and  four, 
for  general  officers.  The  braid  to  be  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  in  width. 

52 . .  On  the  front  part  of  the  collar  of  the  tunic,  the 
rank  of  the  officer  will  be  distinguished,  as  follows: 

5S..Ge?ieral  Officers — A  wreath,  with  three  stars 
enclosed,  embroidered  in  gold.  The  edge  of  the 
wreath  to  be  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  front 
edge  of  the  collar  ;    the  stars  to  be  arranged  horizon- 


261 

tally;  the  centre  one  to  be  one  and  one-fourth  inches 
in  exterior  diameter,  and  the  others  three-fourths  of 
an  inch. 

54 ..  Colonel — Three  stars,  embroidered  in  gold, 
arranged  horizontally,  and  dividing  equally  the  ver- 
tical space  of  the  collar.  Each  star  to  be  one  and 
one-fourth  inches  in  exterior  diameter ;  the  front 
star  to  be  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  edsre  of 

o 

the  collar. 

55.  .Lieutenant- Colonel — Two  stars,  of  same  mate- 
rial, size  and  arrangement,  as  for  a  colonel. 

56.. Major — One  star,  of  same  material  and  size 
as  for  a  colonel  ;  to  be  placed  three-fourtlis  of  an 
inch  from  edge  of  collar,  and  dividing  equally  the 
vertical  space. 

57 ..Captain — Three  horizontal  bars,  embroidered 
in  gold;  each  one-half  inch  in  width  ;  the  upper  bar 
to  be  three  inches  in  length  ;  the  front  edge  of  the 
bars  to  incline  to  correspond  with  the  angle  of  the 
collar,  and  to  be  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from  the 
edge ;  the  line  of  the  back  edges  to  be  vertical. 

58.. First.  Lieutenant — Two  horizontal  bars  of  the 
same  material  and  size  as  for  captains,  and  dividing 
equally  the  vertical  space  of  collar. 

59 ..  Second  Lieutenant — One  horizontal  bar  of  the 
same  material  and  size  as  for  the  centre  bar  of  cap- 
tain, and  dividing  equally  the  vertical  space  of  collar. 

Overcoats  for  enlisted  men. 

60.  .For  mounted  men — of  cadet  gray  cloth ;  stand- 
up  collar ;  double  breasted  ;  cape  to  reach  to  the  cuff 
of  the  coat,  when  the  arm  is  extended,  and  to  button 
all  the  way  up,  (buttons,  eighteen.) 

61.  .For  footmen — of  cadet  gray  cloth;  stand-up 
collar  ;  double  breasted  ;  cape  to  reach  to  the  elbows, 
when  the  arm  is  extended,  and  to  button  all  the  way 
up,  (buttons,  eighteen.)  For  the  present,  to  be  a 
talma,  with  sleeves,  of  water-proof  material;  black. 


262 

Chevrons. 
62 . .  The  rank  of  non-commissioned  officers  will  be 
marked  by  chevrons  on  both  sleeves  of  the  uniform 
tunic  and  the  overcoat,  above  the  elbow,  of  silk  or 
worsted  binding,  half  an  inch  wide ;  color  the  same 
as  the  edging  of  the  tunic  ;  points  down,  as  follows  : 

63.  .For  a  Sergeant-Major, — three  bars  and  an  arc 
in  silk. 

64.  .For  a  Quartermaster- Sergeant, — three  bars  and 
a  tie  in  silk. 

65.  .For  an  Or dnance- Sergeant, — three  bars    and  a 
star  in  silk. 

66..Fora.FW  (or  Orderly)  Sergeant — three  bars 
and  a  lozenge  in  worsted. 

67.  .For  a  Sergeant — three  bars  in  worsted. 
6S.  .For  a  Corporal — two  bars  in  worsted. 

Hair  and  Beard. 
69.. The  hair  to  be  short:    the  beard  to  be  worn 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  individual;  but,  when  worn,  to 
be  kept  short  and  neatly  trimmed. 

Bir  Command  of  the  Secretary  of  War: 

S.  COOPER, 
Adjutant  and  Inspector- General. 


FORMS. 


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QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS, 


No.   2. 
Report  of  Persons  and  Articles  employed  and  hired  at 


Date  of 

contract, 

agreement, 

0 

• 

entry 

into 

service. 

July 

1 

1850. 

Dec. 

•J 

1849. 

Dec. 

3 

1849. 

May 

O 

1850. 

June 

4 

1850. 

Jan. 

1, 

1S50. 

Dec- 

3 

1850. 

Jan. 

7. 

1851. 

Jan. 

1. 

1850. 

Jan. 

1, 

1851. 

May 

3, 

1S50. 

Dec. 

1, 

1850. 

Dec. 

1 

1850. 

Dec. 

1 

1850. 

« 


Names 

of  persons 

and 

articles. 


House,  3  rooms 
House,  4  rooms 
House,  2  rooms 
.-Ship  Fanny. . . 
Schr.  Heroine. 
Wagon  &  team 
Chas.  James.. 
Isaac  Lowd . . . 
Peter  Keene. .. 
John  Peters. .. 
Thos.  Cross. .. 


Confederate  Slates 
Steamer  Sumpter 


Designation 

and 
occupation. 


Quarters  . . , 
Store-house 

Guard 

Transport.  . 
Transport. . 

Clerk  V. .... 

Interpreter. 

Express 

Blacksmith. 
Laborer.. . . 


Captain  .., 
Engineer. . 
Mate 


Service 

During  the 

month . 


Eate  of  hire 

or 
compensation. 


s 

c 

a 

EH 

P 

t 

31 

31 

0 

31 

29 

1 

31 

31 

1 

31 

31 

1 

31 

31 

1 

:;i 

31 

1 

31 

31 

7 

If) 

4 

7 

12 

6 

22 

31 

7 

1 

31 

31 

1 

31 

3 

1 

31 

Q 
O 

1 

31 

3 

Month . 

Month. 

Month. 

Voyage. 

Month. 

Month. 

Month. 

Day 

Month. 

Day.... 

Month. 


Month. 

Month. 
Month. 


Amount  of  rent  and  hire  during  the  month 


I  certify,  on  honor,  that  the  above  is  a  true  report  of  all  the  persons  and  articles 
tions  under  the  head  of  Remarks,  and  the  statement  of  amounts  duo  and  remaining 
Examined, 

C.  D., 

Commanding, 


QUARTERMASTERS  DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 


3 


during  the  month  of 


No.    2. 
.,  186     ,  by 


By    whom 
Owned. 

Amount 
irf  rent 

!  or  pay 
in    the 

month. 

$  40  00 
29  00 
10  00 

700  00 

100  00 

75  00 

8  00! 

7  7 

14  00, 

20  00 

150  00 

100  00 

50  00 

Remarks    showing  by  whom  the 
building-    were    occupied,    and 
for  What  purpose,  and  how  the 
\  •■-.-••Is  and  men  wore  employ- 
ed during  the  month. 

[Transfers  and  discharges  will  be 
noted  under  this  bead.] 

Time  and  amount 
remaining    un 

due  and 
paid . 

From. 

To. 

Amount. 

a.  Byrne  . 

Major  8d  Infantry 

I860. 
Dec.  1.. 
Dec.  3.. 

Voyage 

1861. 
Jan.  1.. 
Jan.  1.. 

1861. 

Jan.  31. 
Jan.  31. 

not 

1861. 
Jan.  31. 
Jan.  31. 

$  80  00 

Jaj  Black. 
Ja-.  Black. 
U,  Wiikins 

T.  Browne 

Jas.  Barry 

-Mib-i-ti nee  Store  and  Office 

Companies  I  and  K,  8d  Intantry.. 

Transporting  stores  to  I'eusacola. 

Transporting  stores  to  Brazos 
Hauling  stores  to  San  Antonio. . . . 
Quartermastei  *s  Office 

60  00 

com- 
pleted. 

700  00 
100  00 

Emlpoyed  by  Com 'ding  General. 

Shoeing  public  horses 

Helping  blacksmith 

VSteamship  sent  to  Brazos V 

July  l.. 

July  1.. 
July  1.. 

July  31. 
July  31. 

July  31. 

150  00 

100  00 

50  00 

1303  74 

Total  amount  duo  and  remaining 

unpaid 

1240  00 

employed  and  hired  by  me  during  the  month  of 
unpaid,  are  correct. 


■,  186    ,  and  that  the  observa- 


E.  F.t 


Assistant  Quartermaster, 


Al 


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10   quartermaster's  department  ...  forms. 

No.  9. 

Estimate  of  Funds  required  for  the  service  of  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment at ,  by ,  in  the  month  of ,  186     . 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


12 
13 

14 
15 
16 


17 

18 
19 


20 


For  Fuel 

Forage 

Straw 

Stationery 

Materials  for  building.  (State  what,  and  for 
what. )   

Hire  of  mechanics.     (State  for  what  work.) 

Hire  of  laborers.     (State  for  what  service.) 

Hire  of  teamsters.     (State  on  what  service.) 

Pay  of  extra  duty  men.     (State  for  what  work.) 

Pay  of  wagon  and  forage  masters 

Hire  of  clerks,  guides,  escorts ;  expenses  of 
courts-martial,  of  burials,  of  apprehending  de- 
serters, and  other  incidental  expenses 

Hire  or  commutation  of  officers'  quarters 

Hire  of  quarters  for  troops,  or  ground  for  encamp- 
ment or  use  of  military  stations 

Hire  of  storehouse,  offices,  &c.    (For  what  use.) 

Mileage  to  officers 

Army  transportation,  viz : 

Of  troops  and  their  baggage 

Of  quartermasters',  subsistence,  ordnance,  and 
hospital  stores 

Purchase  of  horses  and  mules  (Q.  M.  Dept.).. 

Purchase  of  wagons  and  harness do 

Purchase  of  horses  for  mounted  troops,  viz : 

Horses  for  Company — Cavalry 

Horses  for  Company — Artillery,  &c,  &c 

Outstanding  Debts 

Deduct  actual  or  probable  balance  on  hand 


Dolls.  Cts 


QUARTERMASTER'S   DEPARTMENT i  .  .FORMS. 


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24   quartermaster's  department.  .  .forms. 


No.  23. —  Quarterly  Return  of  Quartermaster's  Stores,  received  and 

the  day 


Date. 


Classes . 


Abstracts,  &c. 


Per  last  return .  On  hand 

Per  Abstract  D .  I  Received  by  purchase. . . 

"         E.  "        from  officers... 

"         N.  'Fabricated,  taken  up,  &c. 


Total  to  be  accounted  for 


Per  Abstract  F 
G 


Fuel 

Forage 

H .  j  Straw 

I. '  Stationery 

K .  J  Special  issues 

L.  | Expended,  sold,  &c. 
M .  I  Transferred 


No. 


1.     Fuel. 


Wood. 


ft 


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No.  No.  LbslBu 


Coal. 


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cfl 

u 

id 

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13 

« 

."£ 

<     M 


Total  issued  and  expended. 


Total  remaining  on  hand. 


Condition  1. 
2. 


In  good  order 

Unfit  for  service,  but  re- 
pairable   

Totally  unfit  for  service. 


Note. — The  property  on  this  return  (which  does  not  include  cloth- 
ing, camp  and  garrison  epuipage)  will  be  classed  as  follows  : 

l.Fuel;  2.  Forage  ;  3.  Straw;  4.  Stationery;  5.  Barrack,  Hospital, 
and  Office  Furniture ;  G.  Means  of  transportation,  including  Harness, 
&c. ;  7.  Building  Materials ;  8.  Veterinary  Tools  and  Horse  Medicines ; 


QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT-  .  1'FORMS.     25 


issued,  and  remaining  on  hand,  at  ,  in  the  quarter  ending  on 

of -.  186    .  h,,  — . 


2.  Forage. 

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9.  Blacksmiths'  Tools;  10.  Carpenters'  Tools;  11.  Wheelwrights' 
Toils;  12.  .Masons'  and  Bricklayers' Tools ;  13.  Miscellaneous  Tools 
for  Fatigue  and  Garrison  purposes  ;  14.  Stores  for  Expenditure,  such 
as  Eron,  steel,  Horse-shoes,  Rope,  &c,  to  bo  classed  alphabetically. 


2 L>       quartermaster's  department.  .  .forms. 

No.  23. — (Continued.) — Quarterly  Return  of  Quartermasters  Stores, 

ending  on  the  day 


4.     Stationery. 


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received  and  issued,  and  remaining  on  hand,  at ,  in  the  quarter 

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I  certify,  on  honor,  that  the  foregoing  return  exhibits  a  true  and 
correct  statement  of  all  the  property  which  lias  come  into  my  hands 
on   account  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  during  the  quarter 

ending  on  the  of ,  186     . 

A.  B.,   Quartermaster. 


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56       quartermaster's  department.  .  .FORMS. 


No.  51. —  Quarterly  Return  of  Clothing,  Camp  and  Garrison  Equipage 

of- ,  186     , 


When  received. 


Of  whom  received 
On  hand  per  last  return 


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QUARTERMASTER  S  DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 


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,  in  the  quarter  ending  on  the 


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58    QUARTERMASTER 8    DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 

No.  -r>l  —  (Continued.) — Quarterly  return  of  Clothing,  Camp 


CLOTHING. 


EQUIPAGK. 


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quartermaster's  department.  .  .FORM**.   59 

an. I  Harrison  Eeuipcge,  received  find  itemed,  Sfc. 


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GO    QUARTERMASTERS  DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 


No.  51. — (Continued.) — Quarterly  Return  of  Clothing,  Camp  and 
rison  Equip*  I  red  and  issued,  Sfc. 


HOOKS  AND   BLANKS. 

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rEMS. 

A  box  24  by  10 
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A  box,    10  ud    v   inches 

50.  i  cubic  inches. 
A  ind  8  in<  ep, 

will  contain  one  peck, 

A  box,  7  by  J  ii-'i  t.8  im 

will  contain  a  ha  »n,  <>r  l  - . ! .  i  cubic  inch*    . 

A  box,  I  by  i  :  square,  L.2  i  |>, 

v.  ill  contain  one  quart,  or  I  i 

<  hi  ••!  of  corn   weighs ninds. 

"  v  60 

"  "  i  "    

"  "  buckwhej  " 

"  bar)  . .  .48         " 

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««  "  potato*  "      . .  .60 

"  "     <»!)!(  " 

"  dried  peacl  ... 

"             "  dried  apples  "      ...             " 

"             "  i  "           .50 

Ten  gallons  pickh  <I  oni  " 

son;-  ki-ont  "      . .  .81 


62    QUARTERMASTERS  DEPARTMENT  ..  .FORMS. 


No.  52. 
We,  the  undersigned,  Non-commissioned  Officers,  Artificers,  Musicians, 

the  several  articles  of  Clothing  set 


so 

UNIFORM 

COATS. 

UNIFORM 

JACKETS. 

Date  of 

Name  and  desig- 

be 

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the  issue. 

nation  of  the 

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Si 
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Notes. — Erasures  and  alterations  of  entries  are  prohibited. 

Regular  and  extra  issues  will!  be  distinguished  on  the  re- 
ceipt-roll. 

Each  signature,  whether  written  by  the  soldier  or  acknow- 
ledged by  mark,  must  be  witnessed. 

Vacant  spaces  will  be  rilled  by  a  cipher. 

Mounted  Men  may  receive  one  pair  of  "  boots"  and  two 
pairs  of  "  bootees,"  instead  of  four  pairs  of  "  bootees." 


LRTERMA8TEB'fl   DEPARTMENT..  .FOKM8.         53 


and  Prirmtes,  of — 

njjmsiif  (inr  respective  name*. 


No.  52. 

-,  do  hereby  acknmrledge  to  hare  received  of- 


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As  the  metallic  Bhoulder  scales,  letters,  Bombers,  castles,  and 

shells  and  flames  will  Last  foe  many  years,  they  will  be  borne 
on  the  returns  as  company  property  in  th e  same  manner  as  arc 
sashes,  knapsacks  and  straps,  haversacks,  canteens  and  straps, 
and  other  articles  of  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  and  will  be 
charged  to  the  soldier  only  when  lost  or  destroyed  through 


neglect. 


64        quartermaster's  DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 


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PAY    DEPARTMENT. 


FORMS. 


Form  No.  4. 

Certificate  to  be  given  a  soldier  at  the  time  of  It  is  discharge. 


I  Certify  that  the  within  named- 
tain  company  ( — .)  of  the 

born  in in  the  State  of ,  aged 

-inches  high, complexion, — 


— a of  Cap- 
regiment  of 

— yea  rs, feet 

—  eyes, hair, 

•,  at ,  on 


•,was  enlisted  by 

L86     ,    to    serve-      -years, 


and  by 

the day   of 

and  is  now  entitled  to  a  discharge  by  reason  of—  — . 

The  said was  last  paid  by ,  to  include  the 

day  of ,  186      ,  and  has  pay  due  from  that 

date  to  the  present  date. 

There  is  due  him dollars  traveling  allowance 

from ,  the  place  of  discharge  to ,  the  place  of 

enrollment,  transportation  not  being  furnished  in  kind. 

There  is  due  him . 

He  is   indebted   to  the  Confederate  States  

dollars  on  account  of . 


Given  in  duplicate  at ,  this  —  day  of- 


1SG 


Commanding  ( 'ompany. 

Note. — When  this  certificate  is  transferred  it  must  be  on  the  back, 
witnessed  by  a  commissioned  officer,  it  practicable,  or  by  some  other 
reputable  person  well  known  to  the  Quartermaster. 


Form  No.  5. 

Account  to  be  made  by  Quartermaster. 

■  of ,  l*f)    ,  to of ,  1 36 


For  pay  from- 

bemg months,  and 

month 


For  pay  for  traveling  from to- 


days, at dollars  per 

.  being miles,  at. 


Amount 

Deduct  for  clothing;  overdrawn . 

Balance  paid 


Received  of C.  S.  Army,  this day  of- 

aud cents  in  full  of  the  above  account 

"Witness  : . 


186 


•dollars 


(Signed  duplicates.) 


PAT    DEPAR1  KENT.  .  .FORMS. 


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PAY    DEPARTMENT FORMS. 

Tables  of  the  Daily 


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36  5 


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83 
06 
30 
53 


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5  33  6 
60  6 

86  6 
13  6 

407 

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93  7 
208 
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73  8 
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30 
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20 
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10 
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33 
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33 
65 
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33 
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33 
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33 
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33 
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20 

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56 

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3  03 

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3  46 

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68 

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4  33 

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5  20 

76 

5  20 

5  63 

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6  06 

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6  00 

6  50 

88 

6  40 

6  93 

23 

6  80 

7  38 

60 

7  2:} 

7  80 

98 

7  60 

8  23 

33 

8  00 

8  66 

70 

8  40 

9  10 

06 

8  80 

9  53 

43 

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80 

9  60 

10  40 

16 

10  00 

10  83 

53 

10  40 

11  26 

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11  70 

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12  13 

11  60 

12  50 

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PAY    DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 
Pay  of  l1i>   Army. 


75 


month. 

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1 

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1  77 

2  00 

2  22 

2  66 

3  33 

4  00 

5  00 

1  00 

2  00 

2  30 

2 

50 

2  6!'. 

3  nn 

3  33 

4  00 

5  00 

6   nn 

7  5(1 

2  13 

2  66  3  06 

3 

33 

3  55 

4  nn 

4  44 

5  33 

8  nn 

1(1  00 

2  66 

:;  33 

3  83 

4 

16 

1  14 

5  nn 

r>  .">.-> 

6  66 

-  33 

10  00 

12  50 

3  80 

4  no 

1  60 

5 

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5  33 

6  no 

6  66 

8  00 

10  00 

12  00 

15  nn 

3  73 

4  66 

5  36 

5 

83 

6  22 

7  (I!) 

7  77 

9  33 

ll  66 

14  on 

17  50 

1  26 

5  33 

6  13 

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13  33 

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4  80 

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15  00 

18  00 

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5  33 

6  66 

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11  11 

13  33 

16  66 

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25  0(f 

5  86 

7  33 

9 

16 

9  77 

11  00 

12  22 

14  66 

22  nn 

27  50 

fi  40 

8  00 

9  20 

10 

no 

10  66 

12  00 

13  33 

16  00 

20  00 

24  00 

30  no 

6  93 

8  66 

9  96 

10 

83 

11  55 

13  00 

14  44 

17  33 

21  66 

26  00 

32  50 

7  46 

9  33 

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66 

12  44 

14  00 

15  55 

18  66 

23  33 

28  no 

35  00 

8  (in 

10  on 

11  r>o 

12 

50 

13  33 

15  00 

16  66 

20  on 

25  00 

30  00 

37  50 

8  53 

1<>  66 

12  26 

13 

33 

14  21 

16  00 

17  7? 

21  33 

26  66 

32  00 

40  00 

9  06 

11  33 

13  03 

11 

16 

15  10 

1?  nn 

18  88 

22  6(5 

28  33 

34  00 

42  50 

9  60 

12  no 

13  80 

15 

00 

15  99 

18  00 

19  99 

24  00 

30  (Id 

36  nn 

45  00 

10  13 

12  66 

14  56 

15 

83 

it",  88 

19  on 

21  11 

25  33 

31  66 

38  en 

47  50 

10  66 

13  33 

15  33 

16 

66 

17  77 

20  on 

22  22 

26  66 

33  3,3 

4(1  00 

50  00 

11  20 

14  no 

16  10 

17 

50 

18  66 

21  00 

23  33 

28  00 

35  00 

42  nn 

52  50 

11  7:? 

14  m 

16  86 

18 

33 

19  55 

22  00 

24  44 

29  33 

36  66 

44  00 

55  00 

12  26 

1")  33 

17  63 

19 

16 

20  43 

23  00 

25  55 

30  66 

38  33 

46  00 

57  50 

12  80 

16  00 

18  40 

20 

00 

21  32 

24  00 

26  66 

32  00 

40  no 

48  nn 

60  00 

[3  33 

16  66 

19  16 

20 

83 

22  21 

25  00 

27  77 

33  33 

41  66 

50  00 

62  50 

13  86 

17  33 

19  93 

21 

66 

23  10 

26  00 

28  88 

34  66 

43  3,3 

52  nn 

65  00 

14  40 

18  00 

20  70 

22 

50 

23  99 

27  00 

29  99 

36  00 

45  00 

54  nn 

67  50 

14  9:* 

18  66 

21  46 

23 

33 

24  88 

28  00 

31  11 

37  33 

|46  66 

56  00 

70  00 

15  46 

19  33 

22  23 

24 

16 

25  77 

29  00 

32  22 

38  66 

48  33 

58  00 

72  50 

16  00 

20  on 

23  00 

25 

00 

26  66 

30  00 

33  33 

40  00 

50  00 

(in  nn 

75  00 

Jfl 


76 


PA Y    DE  PA  RT M EXT .  . . FOB M S . 
Pay  and  Allowances  of  ths  Army. 


GRADE. 


Pay. 


Forage. 


z  g 


Brigadier-General 

Aid  to  Brigadier-General,  in  addition  to  pay  of 
Lieutenant 

Colonel  of  EnMneers,  Artillery,  Cavalry,  and  of 
the  General  btaff,  except  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment  

1  iieutenant-Colonel  of  Cavalry 

Major  of  Cavalry 

Captain  of  Cavalry 

First  Lieutenant  of  Cavalry 

Second  Lieutenant  of  Cavalry 

Adjutant,  in  addition  to  pay  ol  Lieutenant 


$301  00  j     4 
35  00 

210  00  I     3 


ARTILLERY. 
Colonel 

Lieutenant-Colonel 

Major 

Captain 

Firsl  Lieutenant 

Second  Lieutenant 

Adjutant,  in  addition  to  pay  of  Lieutenant. 

1X1  ANTh'Y. 

Colonel 

Lieutenant-Colonel 

Major 

Captain    .* 

First  Lieutenant 

Second  Lieutenant 

Adjutant,  in  addition  to  pay  as  Lieut 


185  00 
162  00 
140  00 
100  00 

10  00 


210  00 
185  00 
150  00 
130  00 

00  00 
80  00 
10  00 


195  00 

170  00 

150  00 


130 

10 
10 


00 
00 

00 
00 


MEDICAL  STAFF. 
Surgeon-General,  $3,000  per  annum 

Surgeon  of  ten  years"  service 

Surgeon  of  less  than  ten  years'  service 

Assistant  Surgeon  of  U n  years'  service 

Assistant  Surgeon  of  five  year.-'  service 

-rant  Surgeon  ot  less  than  five  years'  service. 


200  00 
162  00 
150  00 
j.  0  '  0 
110  00 


3 
3 

3   I 

:; 

2 


PAY    DEPA  RTM  EXT  .  .  .  FORMS. 
Pay  and  Allowances  of  the  Army. — (Continued. 


it 


GRADE. 


ENLISTED  MEN. 
Sergi  ant    or    Master  Workman    of   Engineers, 
Master  Armorer,  Master  Carriage-maker,  and 

Ma  ter  Blacksmith,  each 

Corpora]   or  ( h  <  ,  Armor*  r, 

.  iker,  and  rdnance, 

each 

Private — Firs!  or  Artificer  o    I 

and  Ordnance 

Private — Second  Class,  or  Laborer  and  Musician  \ 

of  Engin  ers,  and  Laborer  of  <  Ordnance \ 

ant-Major  of  Cavalry  and  Infantry 

Quartermaster-Sergeant  of  Cavalry  and  [nfantry.. 

'•ant  of  Cavali y  and  Infantry 

•iii  of  ( lavalry  and  Infantry 

Corpora]   of  Cavalry,  Artillery,  Infantry,  Arti-  \ 

ficers,  Farriers  and  Blacksmiths $ 

Musician  of  Cavalry 

;ian  of  Artillery  and  Infantry 

Private — I  

Artillery  and  Infantry 


$34  i»j 


20  00 


J?  00 
13  00 


21 

00 

21 

00 

20  00 

17 

00 

13 

00 

12 

11(1 

12 

00 

11 

00 

Forage. 


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Note. — Brigadier  General  commanding  in  chief  a  separate  Army 
actually  in  the  6  Id,  $100  per  month  additional. 

Lieutenants  serving  with   the  company  of  Sappers  and  Miners,  and 
of  Artillery   serving  in  Light  Artillery  or  on  Ordnance  duty, 
rec  'iv  ■  Cavalry  pay. 

In  addition  to  pay,  as  above  stat  id  (excepting  the  SuVgeon-General), 
pi  r  month  is  allowed  for  every  five  years'  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
United  States  and  Confederate  Stal     . 

Subalterns  of  the  line  detailed  by  tin- War  Department,  as  Assistant 
Quartermasters  or  as  Assistant  Commissaries  of  Subsistence,  receive, 
in  addition  to  pay  in  the  line,  $20  per  month,  while  engaged  in  the 
duties  oi  those  Departments ;  but  although  the  officer  may  be  serving 
in  both,  he  can  draw  this  allowance  for  one  Department  only. 


78 


RECRUITING    SERVICE.  .  -FORMS. 


Form  A. 

Abstract  of  Disbursements  on  Account  of   Contingencies  of  the  Re- 
cruiting Service,  by ,  in  the  quarter  ending 

186     ,  at . 


No.  of       Date  of       To  whom 
voucher,  payment.  paid. 


On  what 
account. 


Amount. 


Dolls.    Cts. 


Recruiting  Officer. 


...in,. 

>rm  B. 


:•> 


To 


Dr. 


Dolla       I 


I  certify  thai  the  above  account  is  <• 


Recruiting  Officer. 


Received, ,  lliis day  of ,  18 — ,  of 


recruiting  officer,  ollars  and  cents,  in  full  of  the  above 

account. 


(Duplicat 


80 


ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT.  .  - -FORMS 


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84 


MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT. FOKMs. 


E 


BC 


e 


Remarks. 

• 

•pmnj  no 

•  v  'popnedxe  [*?oj; 

.ioj  ijjun  10  jii'>  CLIO  ^ 

■)U.>|.i.).>i:  »{qvpio 
-uii  At|  pa  Cojcja  >pjo  jsck] 

■poi 

j[0i8  .un  ijji.u  papaod 

T 

•u.uii ■>.:  \n\ 

•U.UI)  >.i                       \ii[   u,  > 

Artk  i 

OB   Ql   IXTI1 

MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  .  .FORMS. 


85 


'7 


4 


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- 



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• 

MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT.  -  .  -FORMS 


- 

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S 

•p-'ia 

•[[.Miioi.uij  no 

-idsoq  hm.ui. 

oaoij  p 

\\w\ 

•AUdlr 

"^ 

- 

EXT.  .  .] 

in  12. 

MY     OF     THE  DERATE     STATES. 

[Coal  of  Arms.] 

i  '■  of  Disability  for  Discharge* 

A.  B.,  of  captain  *s  company  ( — ),  of  the- 

regiment  of  Confederate ,  was  enlisted  by 

,  of  the regiment  of .  at ,  on  the 

—  day  of ,  to  serve  —  years ;  he  was  born  in 

-,  in  the  State  of ,  is  —  years  of  age,  —  feet 


—  inches  high,  complexion,  ey< 

hair,  and  by  occupation  when  enlisted .  Dur- 
ing tli'.'  last  two  months  been  unfit  for 
duty da] 

f'l  ii    <■  npany  comui  ndcrwillli  ut  of  all  the  fact§ 

11  ti»  him  concern  i  wound,  or  cause  of  disability 

of  tin  i  :    tin-  ti  -ul  all   the   circumstances 

r  which  the  injur.  d,  or  diw  oated  or  appealed;  the 

■■  time  tho  injury 
i  be  contracted  ;  and  what* 
I  :i  judgment  as  to  the  caut  diate  or  remote,  of 

tlio  disability,  and  ih  ••  nding  it. ) 

( '.  1)..  Commanding  ('<>//i/>r/)n/. 

When  the  farts  I  •  the  company  commander,  the  cer- 

tificate ol  ^t  of  oil  m  having  such  know- 

_  e,  will  be  app<  nded. 

I  certify  that  I  have  carefully  examined  the  said 
of  Captain 's  company,  and  find  him 


incapable  of  performing  the  duties  of  a  soldier, 
because  of"  [here  describe  particularly  the  disability, 
wound,  or  disease  ;  the  extent  to  which  it  deprives 
him  of  the  use  of  any  limb  or  faculty,  or  affects  his 
health,  strength,  activity,  constitution,  or  capacity  to 
labor  or  earn  his  subsistence].  The  surgeon  will  acid, 
from  his  knowledge  of  the  facts  and  circumstances, 
and  from  the  evidence  in  the  case,  his  professional 
opinion  of  the  cause  or  origin  of  the  disability. 

E.  F.,   Surer  con. 
[Duplicates.] 


88 


MEDIC  A I ,    I  )EPA  RTM  ENT 


FORMS. 


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n:iil)  QJ 

_p5 « 

t^tdsoq  tij 

• 

a 

B 

o 

Date. 

90  MEDICAL   DEPARTMENT... FORMS. 


Form  17. 

contract  with  a  private  physician. 

This  contract,  entered  into  this day  of- 

186     ,  at ,  State  of ,  between- 


—  — -   —  7 » 

of  the  Confederate  States  Army,  and  Dr. ,  of 

,  in  the  State  of ,  witnesseth,  that  for  the 

consideration   hereafter  mentioned,  the  said  Dr. 


promises  and  agrees  to  perform  the  duties   uf  a 
medical  officer,  agreeably  to   the  Army  Regulations, 

at {and  to  furnish  th  dry  mediants.)      And 

the  s;ii,i promises  and  agrees,  on  behalf  of  the 

Confederate  States,  to  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  to  the 

saj(|  Dr. the  sum  of dollars   for   each 

and  every  month  he  shall  continue  to  perform  the 
services  above  stated,  which  shall  be  bis  full  compen- 
sation, and  iu  lieu  of  all  allowances  and  emoluments 
whatsoever  (except  that  for  medicines  furnished,  which 
shall  be  at  the  rale  of— per  cent  on  his  monthly  pay,  to  be 
determined  by  the  Surgeon- General.)  This  contract  to 
continue  till  determined  by  the  said  doctor,  or  the 
commanding  officerfor  the  time  being,  or  the  Surgeon- 
I  it  neral. 

[Seal.] 
Signed,  Bealed,  and  delivered  ) 
in  the  presence  of  ) 

[Seal.] 


1  certify  that  the    number   of  persons   entitled   to 
medical  attendan  reeably  to  regulations,  at , 

,  and  that  no  compel  nt  physician  can  be   ob- 
tained at  a  lower  rate. 

. ,  Commanding  Of, 


TENCE    DEPARTMENT 


.MS. 


01 


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Sick  of . 

Anti-scorbutios. 

SJ 

Cm 
o            — 

:  — 

pickled 
onions. 

Number 

of  pounds  "i' 

candles. 

Number 

of 
rations. 

« 

No.  of 
return. 

Date. 

bD 


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92  SUBSISTENCE   DEPARTMENT.  .  .  FORMS. 

Form  3. 

Abstract  of  rrovisirms  issued  from  the,   lS'/i  to  (he  SIM  of  October t  18        ,  to 

Assistant   Surgeon,   C.   A.  Army,  by 


'J  7 

7s 

46 

122 


Oct.  18 
"  is 
K  M 
•'  '20 
"  22 
u    26 


( 1. 1 .  25 


40 


ttyTIO.VS   ACTtAI.LY   RMjriRKD   FOB   COH8U  MPTKMf  IS   Tllri 

H08RTAL. 


40 


184 


30 


Ins 

ISO 


40 


.    ll  -    108 

.    1 84   L 84 
.    ...  402 


1    - 


40 


108 
ls» 


K 


10 


ins 
184 


ft 


108 

I'OO 


400 

ioo 


LO 


Total  rations  duo  I 


B4 


sued , 


- 


in 


1532 


Quantity  in  hulk 


■ 


1      T 


t>     61 


s4s  12 


1 1  I  5  1 1 


4  is 


7    12 


■  tify,  on  honor,  thai  l  bare  carefully  compared  the  above  "abstract"  with  the  or 
enty-eight  rations  of  pork,  five  hundred  and  fifty-two  f,  fourteen  hundred and 

rice,  nine  ban  Ired  and  thirtj  -four  rations  of  col  .  bnndred  and  sixteen  rations  oj 

tion-t  of  candies,  fifteen  handre<t  and  thirty -two  I   bnndred  and  forty-eight 

to  two  dollars  and  seyentj  re  roqnired  by  me  for,  and  toned  to,  the  sick;  and  that 


Cornered  with  returns  of  men  in  hospital,  and  found  correct. 


•  .  Cvmmanding. 


r  EX(  E     DEPARTMENT  .  .  .  FORMS. 
Form   3. — Continued 

l,'.\]   a!  Wem   OHmM,   Lnvixian/1,  vnrJrr  the  charge  rf  . 
nUnt  ./.  T  J.  M  Ir,f<jnh-;j.  A.  C.  S. 


REMARK*. 


93 


A   M'»\TII  -T  OF   THE   HOSPITAL  FUND. 


Dr.   To  balance  due  hospital  last  month 

.tions,  being  whole  amount  due  this  month, 

9J  cents  per  ration 

ISSUED. 
Cn.    Bj  the  following  provision?,  at  contract  prices  : 


at 


283$     poundl  of  pork,  at  6  cent-  per  pound. 
690       poa&di  of  fresh  beef,  at  4  cents  per 

pound 

1012^  pounds  of  flour,  at  2  eante per  pound. 
10     pounds  of  hard  bread  at  '■'•]  cents  per 



70     pounds  of  rirr.  at  6  cms  per  pound.. 

poundl  of  coffee,  at  'tcenf.  prr  pound 

mdfl  of  sugar,  al  s  cents  per  pound 

17i  quart* of  vinegar  al  6  cents  per  f|uart 

I5m  poundl    of   candles,    at   12 

pound 

61]    pounds  of  Map,  at  6  eentl  per  pound 
16|  •juarts  of  salt,  at  8  ceata  per  quart 


12     gallons   of  molasses,   at    .  per 

gallon , ,.... 


PURCIIA 


2  prs.  of  chickens,  at  £7$  cts.  per  ] 
1  quartl  of  milk,  at  7  cts  per  quart. 
8  doz.  oranges,  at  26  cents  perdoz.. 


Total  expended 

Balances  due  this  month. 


$17  01 


24] 

20 
ill 
51 

,85| 

674 
50  5 

36 


112  18| 


27 


4 

5 

15 


2  78 


SO 
145 


114 


30 


00 
54 


00$ 
57* 


return?  now  in  my  possession,  and  find  that  they  amount  to  three  hundred  and  sev- 
thirtv  three  ratious  of  flour,  ton  rations  of  hard  bread,  seven  hundred  rations  of 
four  hundred  and  forty-eight  rations  of  vinegar,  fifteen  hundred  and  thirty-two  ra- 
rations  of  salt,  and  twelve  gallons  of  molasses  ;  and  that  the  purchases,  amounting 
the  rations  drawn  in  kind  were  actually  required  for  consumption  in  the  hospital. 


[Duplicates.] 


J.  C   J.,  Asst.  Surgeon  C.  S.  Ai my. 


94 


SUBSISTENCE    DEPA  RTMENT 


FORMS. 


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INDEX. 


No.  or  Paragraph. 

Appointments  on  the  Staff         .... 

26  to  28 

Arrests    and    Confinements       .... 

152  to  160 

Army  Transportation        ..... 

924  to  946 

Allowance  of  Camp  and  Garrison  Equipage 

971,  972 

Allowance    of  Clothing     ..... 

973  to  988 

Bivouacs  ........ 

471  to  478 

Battles 

639  to  665 

Baggage  Trains          ...... 

694  to  701 

Bar  races  an  J  Quarters      ..... 

899  to  923 

C  om  p  an  i 

46  to  83 

Company  Docks         ...... 

84 

Councils  of  Administration       .... 

128  to  132 

Company  Fund          ...... 

140  to  142 

Confinements    ....... 

152  to  160 

Contributions   ....... 

422 

Camps      ........ 

429  to  445 

ps  of  Infantry    ...... 

446  to  454 

Camps   of  Cavalry    ...... 

455  to  467 

( lamps  of  Artillery    ...... 

468  to  470 

Cantonments     ........ 

479  to  484 

Convoys  and  their  Escorts        .... 

669  to  693 

Courts-martial            .          .                   ... 

801  to  822 

•'               Expenses ..... 

961  to  964 

Clothing,  Camp  and  Garrison  Equipage     . 

968  to  970 

Distribution  of  Troops      ...... 

29 

Deceased  Officers      ....... 

92  to  94 

"           Soldiers      .                   . 

95  to  97 

Deserters          ....... 

98  to  105 

Discharges        ....... 

106  to  113 

Discussions  and  Publications    .... 

f51 

Depots      ......... 

428 

Dispatches        .          .          .         .         .         .          . 

488 

Details  tor  Service    ....... 

493  to  503 

Detachments    ........ 

580  to  594 

Defense  of  Fortified  Places       . 

760  to  771 

Exchange,  or  Transfer  of  Officers     . 

24,  25 

Escorts  of  Honor     ....... 

201  to  204 

Exercises          ........ 

486 

M 


9& 


INDEX. 


Furloughs  to  Enlisted  Men 

Funeral  Honors 

Forage      ..... 

Guard  Mounting 

Guards     ..... 

Grand  Guards  and  other  Outposts 

General  Police 

Hours  of  Service  and  Roll-Calls 
Honors  to  be  paid  by  the  Troops 
Head- Quarters 
Horses  for  Mounted  Officers     . 

Inspections  of  the  Troops 
Inspection,  Form  of 
Issues       ..... 
intrenched  Posts 

Laundress         .... 
Leaves  of  Absence  to  Officers 

Military  Discipline  . 

Musters    ... 

Marches  .... 

Organization  of  an  Army  in  the  Fi 
Orderlies  .... 

Orders       ..... 
Outposts  .... 

Orders  and  Correspondence 
Post  Books 
Post  Fund 
Parade,  Forms  of 

"  Dress 

Police  Guard    . 
Picket      . 
Partisans  and  Flankers    . 
Prisoners  of  War,  (see  Act  181  ) 
Public  Property,  Money  and  Accou 
Public  Postage 
Pay  Department 

Quartermaster's  Department 
BUrracks  and  Quarters  . 
Army  Transportation     . 

Forage  .... 

.Straw 

Stationery    .... 
Expenses  of  Courts-Martial  . 
Extra-Duty  Men 
Public    Postage     . 
Horses  for  Mounted  Officers 


No.  I'ar. 
125  to  127 
205  to  232 
947  to  949 

305  to  323 
320  to  301 

533  to  570 
702  to  708 

161  to  164 

1C8 to  183 
485 
907 

233  to  235 

230  to  256 

492 

571  to  570 

85  to  87 
116  to  124 

1  to  3 

257  to  264 

8  to  038 

40 1  to  421 

423  to  427 

487 

13  to  570 

302  to  1 

133  to  : 

205,  200 

2(17  to  278 

L  to  523 

524  to  532 

595  to  607 

666  to  068 

831  to  896 

966 

000  to  1032 

897  to! 

899  to  023 

'.124  to  ! 

947  to  949 

050  to  ! 

'  to  960 

1  to  964 

965 

966 

967 


rNDi 


99 


Quarti        -       r's  Departmhnt— continued 
clothing,  Camp  and  Garrison  Equipage 

vance  of  (.'amp  and  Garrison   Equipag< 
Allowance  of  Clothing  .... 
Returns  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department 

Rank  and  Command  .... 

■'i  ition  of  Officers      .... 

iments         ...... 

i- Calls 

Review  of  a  Battalion  of  Infantry    . 

Roster,  or  i  r  service    . 

Rec<  ..... 

Recruiting  Sei  vice  ..... 

He'i  id  Rbpoi 

urns  .... 

lual  Returns — Casualties 
irns  of  Dcce:  'icrs 

ns 
Rep 

War. — captured  Property 
pection  Reports        .... 

Succession  in  command  or  duty 

Sutlers  ...... 

Salutes  ...... 

Safeguards        ...... 

Sieges 

Straw       ....... 

Stationery        ...... 

Subs  1 8TB  ncb  Departm  bnt. 

The  Uation 

Issues  ...... 

Subsistence  to  Officers 

Commutation  of  Rations 

Extra-Duty  Men  .... 

Hospital  Rations,  Mode  of  Ascertaining 

Transfer  of  Officers 

"  ot  Soldiers 

Traveling  on  Duty 
Troops  in  Campaign 

"       on  board  of  Transports 

Watchwords      ..... 
Working  Parties       .... 


No;  Par. 

968 
071 

973  to  988 

989  to 

4  to  14 

18  to  23 

30  to  44 

166  to  167 

279  to  304 

493  to  t 

587  to  594 

1051  to  1118 

388  to  392 
393 
394 

397  lo  399 

400 
402 

15  to  17 

143  to  150 

189  to  200 
7<»,.i  to  713 
714  to  759 
950  to  953 
964  to  960 

1033  to  1035 

1036  to  1043 

1044 

1045  to  1048 

1049 

page  182 

24  to  25 

88  to  91 

114  to  115 

404 

772  to  800 

489  to  491 
823  to  830 


1  00  INDEX. 

Kagc 

Articles  of  War, ..  198 

Extracts  from  Acts  of  Congress  relative  to  the  Articles  of  War,        223 

Act  No.  37,  (Approved,  Feb.  2t>,  bSbi ,)  "  For  the  Establishment 
and  Organization  of  a  General  Staff  for  the  Army  of  the 
Confederate  States  of  America."  .....         227 

Act  No.  43,  (Approved,  Feb.  28,  1861,)  "  To  Eaise  Provisional 
Forces  for  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  and  for  other 
purposes." 229 

Act  No.  48,  (Approved,  March  6,  1851,)  "  To  Provide  for  the 

Public  Defense." 230 

Xo.  52,  (Approved,  March  6,1861,)  "For  the  Establish- 
ment and' Organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Confederate 
States  of  America.?'  .         .         .      .  .         .         .         .  233 

Act  No.  J0f>,  (Approved,  May  4,  1861,)  "Providing-  for  a  Regi- 
ment of  Zouaves  in  the  Army  of  the  Confederate  States."    .         241 

Act  No.  109,  (Approved,  May  8,  1861,)  "  To  raise  an  additional 

Military  Force  to  serve  during  the  War."  .         .         .  242 

Act  No.   110,  (Approved,  May  11,1851,)  "  To  make  further 

provision  for  (he  Public  Defense." 243 

Act  No.  115,   (Approved,   May    10,1861,)   "To  amend  [Act 

No.  48]  '  Au  Act  to  provide  for  the  Public  Defense.*"       .  244 

Act  No.  L29,  (Approved,  May  16,1881,)  "To  increase  the 
Military  Establishment  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  to 
Amend  tl  No     .r>2]    '  Act  for  the  Establishment  and 

Organization  of  the    Army   of   the    Confederate    States   of 

ricaS  " 245 

Act  No.  J  tl,  (Approved  May  17,  bS'H,)  "  To  provide  an  addi- 
tional Company  of  Sappers  and  Bombardiers  for  the  Army."        247 

ActNo.  153,  (Approved,  May  21,  1861,)  "  Concerning  the 
Transportation  of  Soldiers  and  Allowance  for  Clothing  of 
Volunteers,  and  Amendatory  of  the  [Act  No.  52,]  '  Act  for 
the  Establishment  and  Organization  of  the  Army  of  the  Con- 
federal ,..'".        .        .        .        .        .  243 

Act  No^  154,  (Approved  May  21,  1861,)  "To be  Entitled  an 
Act  io  amend  [Act  No.  109]  '  An  Act  to  raise  an  additional 
Military  Force  to  serve  daring  the  War.'  "     .         .         .         -         250 

Act  No.  J55,  (Approved,  May  2  J,,  1861,)  "To  authorize  the 
President  to  confer  temporary  rank  and  command,  for  service 
with  Volunteer  Troops,  on  Officers  ot  the  Confederate 
Army." 250 

Act  No.  181,  (Approvt  d,  May  21, 1861,)  "  Relative  to  Prisoners 
of  War." 251 

Act  No.  102",  (Approved,  May  3,1861,)  "To  provide  for  the 
appointment  of  Chaplains  in  the  Army.*'  ....  251 

Act  No.  07  (Approved,  March  14,  1861,)  "Amendatory  of  an 
Act  (37)  for  the  Organization  of  the  Staff  Departments  of  the 
Army, and  an  Act  (52)for  the  Establishment  and  Organization 
of  the  Army  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America."'    . 

The  Filiform  and  Dress  of  the  Army 25j 


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